- Theravāda Collection on Monastic Law Theravāda Vinaya
- The Great Analysis Mahāvibhaṅga
- The chapter on relinquishment Nissaggiyakaṇḍa
- The subchapter on silk Kosiyavagga
19. The training rule on trades involving money 19. Rūpiyasaṁvohārasikkhāpada
Origin story
At one time the Buddha was staying at Sāvatthī in the Jeta Grove, Anāthapiṇḍika’s Monastery. Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṁ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. At that time the monks from the group of six engaged in various kinds of trades involving money. Tena kho pana samayena chabbaggiyā bhikkhū nānappakārakaṁ rūpiyasaṁvohāraṁ samāpajjanti. People complained and criticized them, Manussā ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti—“How can the Sakyan monastics engage in trades that involve money? They’re just like householders who indulge in worldly pleasures!” “kathañhi nāma samaṇā sakyaputtiyā nānappakārakaṁ rūpiyasaṁvohāraṁ samāpajjissanti, seyyathāpi gihī kāmabhogino”ti.
The monks heard the complaints of those people, Assosuṁ kho bhikkhū tesaṁ manussānaṁ ujjhāyantānaṁ khiyyantānaṁ vipācentānaṁ. and the monks of few desires complained and criticized those monks, Ye te bhikkhū appicchā …pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti—“How can the monks from the group of six do this?” “kathañhi nāma chabbaggiyā bhikkhū nānappakārakaṁ rūpiyasaṁvohāraṁ samāpajjissantī”ti.
After rebuking those monks in many ways, they told the Buddha. Soon afterwards he had the Sangha gathered and questioned those monks: Atha kho te bhikkhū chabbaggiye bhikkhū anekapariyāyena vigarahitvā bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ …pe… “Is it true, monks, that you do this?” “saccaṁ kira tumhe, bhikkhave, nānappakārakaṁ rūpiyasaṁvohāraṁ samāpajjathā”ti?
“It’s true, sir.” “Saccaṁ, bhagavā”ti.
The Buddha rebuked them … Vigarahi buddho bhagavā …pe… “Foolish men, how can you do this? kathañhi nāma tumhe, moghapurisā, nānappakārakaṁ rūpiyasaṁvohāraṁ samāpajjissatha. This will affect people’s confidence …” … Netaṁ, moghapurisā, appasannānaṁ vā pasādāya …pe… “And, monks, this training rule should be recited like this: evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ uddiseyyātha—
Final ruling
‘If a monk engages in various kinds of trades involving money, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession.’” “Yo pana bhikkhu nānappakārakaṁ rūpiyasaṁvohāraṁ samāpajjeyya, nissaggiyaṁ pācittiyan”ti.
Definitions
- A: Yo panāti
- whoever … yo yādiso …pe…
- Monk: bhikkhūti
- … The monk who has been given the full ordination by a unanimous Sangha through a legal procedure consisting of one motion and three announcements that is irreversible and fit to stand—this sort of monk is meant in this case. …pe… ayaṁ imasmiṁ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.
- Various kinds: Nānappakārakaṁ nāma
- what is shaped, what is not shaped, and what is both shaped and not shaped. katampi akatampi katākatampi.
- What is shaped: Kataṁ nāma
- what is meant for the head, what is meant for the neck, what is meant for the hands, what is meant for the feet, what is meant for the waist. sīsūpagaṁ gīvūpagaṁ hatthūpagaṁ pādūpagaṁ kaṭūpagaṁ.
- What is not shaped: Akataṁ nāma
- what is shaped in a lump is what is meant. ghanakataṁ vuccati.
- What is both shaped and not shaped: Katākataṁ nāma
- both of them. tadubhayaṁ.
- Money: Rūpiyaṁ nāma
- a golden <i lang='pi' translate='no'>kahāpaṇa</i> coin, a copper <i lang='pi' translate='no'>māsaka</i> coin, a wooden <i lang='pi' translate='no'>māsaka</i> coin, a resin <i lang='pi' translate='no'>māsaka</i> coin—whatever is used in commerce. satthuvaṇṇo kahāpaṇo, lohamāsako, dārumāsako, jatumāsako ye vohāraṁ gacchanti.
- Engages: Samāpajjeyyāti
If he exchanges what is shaped with what is shaped, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession. katena kataṁ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṁ pācittiyaṁ. If he exchanges what is not shaped with what is shaped, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession. Katena akataṁ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṁ pācittiyaṁ. If he exchanges what is both shaped and not shaped with what is shaped, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession. Katena katākataṁ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṁ pācittiyaṁ.
If he exchanges what is shaped with what is not shaped, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession. Akatena kataṁ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṁ pācittiyaṁ. If he exchanges what is not shaped with what is not shaped, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession. Akatena akataṁ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṁ pācittiyaṁ. If he exchanges what is both shaped and not shaped with what is not shaped, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession. Akatena katākataṁ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṁ pācittiyaṁ.
If he exchanges what is shaped with what is both shaped and not shaped, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession. Katākatena kataṁ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṁ pācittiyaṁ. If he exchanges what is not shaped with what is both shaped and not shaped, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession. Katākatena akataṁ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṁ pācittiyaṁ. If he exchanges what is both shaped and not shaped with what is both shaped and not shaped, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession. Katākatena katākataṁ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṁ pācittiyaṁ.
It should be relinquished in the midst of the Sangha. Saṅghamajjhe nissajjitabbaṁ. “And, monks, it should be relinquished like this. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, nissajjitabbaṁ. After approaching the Sangha, that monk should arrange his upper robe over one shoulder and pay respect at the feet of the senior monks. He should then squat on his heels, raise his joined palms, and say, Tena bhikkhunā saṅghaṁ upasaṅkamitvā ekaṁsaṁ uttarāsaṅgaṁ karitvā vuḍḍhānaṁ bhikkhūnaṁ pāde vanditvā ukkuṭikaṁ nisīditvā añjaliṁ paggahetvā evamassa vacanīyo—
‘Venerables, I have engaged in various kinds of trades involving money. “ahaṁ, bhante, nānappakārakaṁ rūpiyasaṁvohāraṁ samāpajjiṁ. This is to be relinquished. Idaṁ me nissaggiyaṁ. I relinquish it to the Sangha.’” Imāhaṁ saṅghassa nissajjāmī”ti.
After relinquishing it, he is to confess the offense. Nissajjitvā āpatti desetabbā. The confession should be received by a competent and capable monk. Byattena bhikkhunā paṭibalena āpatti paṭiggahetabbā.
If a monastery worker or a lay follower is available, you should tell him, Sace tattha āgacchati ārāmiko vā upāsako vā so vattabbo—“Look into this.” “āvuso, imaṁ jānāhī”ti. If he says, Sace so bhaṇati—“What can I get you with this?” “iminā kiṁ āhariyyatū”ti, one should not say, na vattabbo—“Get this or that;” “imaṁ vā imaṁ vā āharā”ti. one should point out what is allowable: Kappiyaṁ ācikkhitabbaṁ—ghee, oil, honey, or syrup. sappi vā telaṁ vā madhu vā phāṇitaṁ vā. If he makes a purchase and brings back what is allowable, everyone may enjoy it except the one who did the exchange involving money. Sace so tena parivattetvā kappiyaṁ āharati, rūpiyacetāpakaṁ ṭhapetvā, sabbeheva paribhuñjitabbaṁ.
If this is what happens, all is well. Evañcetaṁ labhetha, iccetaṁ kusalaṁ; If not, he should be told, no ce labhetha, so vattabbo—“Discard this.” “āvuso, imaṁ chaḍḍehī”ti. If he discards it, all is well. Sace so chaḍḍeti, iccetaṁ kusalaṁ; If he does not, a monk who has five qualities should be appointed as the money discarder: no ce chaḍḍeti, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu rūpiyachaḍḍako sammannitabbo—one who is not biased by desire, ill will, confusion, or fear, and who knows what has and has not been discarded. yo na chandāgatiṁ gaccheyya, na dosāgatiṁ gaccheyya, na mohāgatiṁ gaccheyya, na bhayāgatiṁ gaccheyya, chaḍḍitāchaḍḍitañca jāneyya.
“And, monks, this is how he should be appointed. “Evañca pana, bhikkhave, sammannitabbo. First the monk should be asked Paṭhamaṁ bhikkhu yācitabbo. and then a competent and capable monk should inform the Sangha: Yācitvā byattena bhikkhunā paṭibalena saṅgho ñāpetabbo—
‘Please, venerables, I ask the Sangha to listen. ‘Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho. If the Sangha is ready, it should appoint monk so-and-so as the money discarder. Yadi saṅghassa pattakallaṁ, saṅgho itthannāmaṁ bhikkhuṁ rūpiyachaḍḍakaṁ sammanneyya. This is the motion. Esā ñatti.
Please, venerables, I ask the Sangha to listen. Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho. The Sangha appoints monk so-and-so as the money discarder. Saṅgho itthannāmaṁ bhikkhuṁ rūpiyachaḍḍakaṁ sammannati. Any monk who agrees to appointing monk so-and-so as the money discarder should remain silent. Yassāyasmato khamati itthannāmassa bhikkhuno rūpiyachaḍḍakassa sammuti, so tuṇhassa; Any monk who doesn’t agree should speak up. yassa nakkhamati, so bhāseyya.
The Sangha has appointed monk so-and-so as the money discarder. Sammato saṅghena itthannāmo bhikkhu rūpiyachaḍḍako. The Sangha approves and is therefore silent. Khamati saṅghassa, tasmā tuṇhī, I’ll remember it thus.’” evametaṁ dhārayāmī’”ti.
The appointed monk should throw it away without taking note of where. Tena sammatena bhikkhunā animittaṁ katvā pātetabbaṁ. If he takes note of where he throws it, he commits an offense of wrong conduct. Sace nimittaṁ katvā pāteti, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
Permutations
If it is money, and he perceives it as such, and he exchanges it for money, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession. Rūpiye rūpiyasaññī rūpiyaṁ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṁ pācittiyaṁ. If it is money, but he is unsure of it, and he exchanges it for money, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession. Rūpiye vematiko rūpiyaṁ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṁ pācittiyaṁ. If it is money, but he does not perceive it as such, and he exchanges it for money, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession. Rūpiye arūpiyasaññī rūpiyaṁ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṁ pācittiyaṁ.
If it is not money, but he perceives it as such, and he exchanges it for money, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession. Arūpiye rūpiyasaññī rūpiyaṁ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṁ pācittiyaṁ. If it is not money, but he is unsure of it, and he exchanges it for money, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession. Arūpiye vematiko rūpiyaṁ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṁ pācittiyaṁ. If it is not money, and he does not perceive it as such, but he exchanges it for money, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession. Arūpiye arūpiyasaññī rūpiyaṁ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṁ pācittiyaṁ.
If it is not money, but he perceives it as such, he commits an offense of wrong conduct. Arūpiye rūpiyasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa. If it is not money, but he is unsure of it, he commits an offense of wrong conduct. Arūpiye vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. If it is not money, and he does not perceive it as such, there is no offense. Arūpiye arūpiyasaññī, anāpatti.
Non-offenses
There is no offense: Anāpatti—if he is insane; ummattakassa, if he is the first offender. ādikammikassāti.
The training rule on trades involving money, the ninth, is finished. Rūpiyasaṁvohārasikkhāpadaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ navamaṁ.