- Theravāda Collection on Monastic Law Theravāda Vinaya
- The Nuns’ Analysis Bhikkhunivibhaṅga
- The chapter on offenses entailing expulsion Pārājikakaṇḍa
The training rule having eight parts 8. Aṭṭhavatthukāsikkhāpada
Origin story
At one time the Buddha was staying at Sāvatthī in the Jeta Grove, Anāthapiṇḍika’s Monastery. Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṁ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. At that time the nuns from the group of six, being lustful and aiming to indulge in inappropriate sexual conduct, consented to lustful men holding their hands and the edge of their robes, and they stood with them, chatted with them, went to rendezvous with them, consented to men coming to them, entered covered places with them, and disposed their bodies for that purpose. Tena kho pana samayena chabbaggiyā bhikkhuniyo avassutā avassutassa purisapuggalassa hatthaggahaṇampi sādiyanti, saṅghāṭikaṇṇaggahaṇampi sādiyanti, santiṭṭhantipi, sallapantipi, saṅketampi gacchanti, purisassapi abbhāgamanaṁ sādiyanti, channampi anupavisanti, kāyampi tadatthāya upasaṁharanti etassa asaddhammassa paṭisevanatthāya.
The nuns of few desires complained and criticized them, Yā tā bhikkhuniyo appicchā …pe… tā ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti—“How can the nuns from the group of six do such things?” … “kathañhi nāma chabbaggiyā bhikkhuniyo avassutā avassutassa purisapuggalassa hatthaggahaṇampi sādiyissanti, saṅghāṭikaṇṇaggahaṇampi sādiyissanti, santiṭṭhissantipi, sallapissantipi, saṅketampi gacchissanti, purisassapi abbhāgamanaṁ sādiyissanti, channampi anupavisissanti, kāyampi tadatthāya upasaṁharissanti etassa asaddhammassa paṭisevanatthāyā”ti …pe… “Is it true, monks, that those nuns do these things?” “saccaṁ kira, bhikkhave, chabbaggiyā bhikkhuniyo avassutā avassutassa purisapuggalassa hatthaggahaṇampi sādiyanti, saṅghāṭikaṇṇaggahaṇampi sādiyanti, santiṭṭhantipi, sallapantipi, saṅketampi gacchanti, purisassapi abbhāgamanaṁ sādiyanti, channampi anupavisanti, kāyampi tadatthāya upasaṁharanti etassa asaddhammassa paṭisevanatthāyā”ti?
“It’s true, Sir.” “Saccaṁ, bhagavā”ti.
The Buddha rebuked them … Vigarahi buddho bhagavā …pe… “How can the nuns from the group of six, being lustful and aiming to indulge in inappropriate sexual conduct, consent to lustful men holding their hands and the edge of their robes, and how can they stand with them, chat with them, go to rendezvous with them, consent to men coming to them, enter covered places with them, and dispose their bodies for that purpose? kathañhi nāma, bhikkhave, chabbaggiyā bhikkhuniyo avassutā avassutassa purisapuggalassa hatthaggahaṇampi sādiyissanti, saṅghāṭikaṇṇaggahaṇampi sādiyissanti, santiṭṭhissantipi, sallapissantipi, saṅketampi gacchissanti, purisassapi abbhāgamanaṁ sādiyissanti, channampi anupavisissanti, kāyampi tadatthāya upasaṁharissanti etassa asaddhammassa paṭisevanatthāya. This will affect people’s confidence …” … Netaṁ, bhikkhave, appasannānaṁ vā pasādāya …pe… “And, monks, the nuns should recite this training rule like this: evañca pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhuniyo imaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ uddisantu—
Final ruling
‘If, for the purpose of indulging in inappropriate sexual conduct, a lustful nun consents to a lustful man holding her hand and the edge of her robe, and she stands with him and chats with him and goes to a rendezvous with him and consents to him coming to her and enters a covered place with him and disposes her body for him for that purpose, she too is expelled and excluded from the community. The training rule having eight parts.’” “Yā pana bhikkhunī avassutā avassutassa purisapuggalassa hatthaggahaṇaṁ vā sādiyeyya, saṅghāṭikaṇṇaggahaṇaṁ vā sādiyeyya, santiṭṭheyya vā, sallapeyya vā, saṅketaṁ vā gaccheyya, purisassa vā abbhāgamanaṁ sādiyeyya, channaṁ vā anupaviseyya, kāyaṁ vā tadatthāya upasaṁhareyya etassa asaddhammassa paṭisevanatthāya, ayampi pārājikā hoti asaṁvāsā aṭṭhavatthukā”ti.
Definitions
- A: Yā panāti
- whoever … yā yādisā …pe…
- Nun: bhikkhunīti
- … The nun who has been given the full ordination in unanimity by both Sanghas through a legal procedure consisting of one motion and three announcements that is irreversible and fit to stand—this sort of nun is meant in this case. …pe… ayaṁ imasmiṁ atthe adhippetā bhikkhunīti.
- Lustful: Avassutā nāma
- having lust, longing for, in love with. sārattā apekkhavatī paṭibaddhacittā.
- Lustful: Avassuto nāma
- having lust, longing for, in love with. sāratto apekkhavā paṭibaddhacitto.
- Man: Purisapuggalo nāma
- a human male, not a male spirit, not a male ghost, not a male animal. He understands and is capable of making physical contact. manussapuriso, na yakkho na peto na tiracchānagato viññū paṭibalo kāyasaṁsaggaṁ samāpajjituṁ.
- Consents to holding her hand: Hatthaggahaṇaṁ vā sādiyeyyāti
- hand: from the elbow to the tip of the nails. hattho nāma kapparaṁ upādāya yāva agganakhā. If, for the purpose of indulging in inappropriate sexual conduct, she consents to him holding her above the collar bone or below the knees, she commits a serious offense. Etassa asaddhammassa paṭisevanatthāya ubbhakkhakaṁ adhojāṇumaṇḍalaṁ gahaṇaṁ sādiyati, āpatti thullaccayassa.
- And the edge of her robe: Saṅghāṭikaṇṇaggahaṇaṁ vā sādiyeyyāti
- if, for the purpose of indulging in inappropriate sexual conduct, she consents to him holding her sarong or upper robe, she commits a serious offense. etassa asaddhammassa paṭisevanatthāya nivatthaṁ vā pārutaṁ vā gahaṇaṁ sādiyati, āpatti thullaccayassa.
- And stands with him: Santiṭṭheyya vāti
- if, for the purpose of indulging in inappropriate sexual conduct, she stands within arm’s reach of a man, she commits a serious offense. etassa asaddhammassa paṭisevanatthāya purisassa hatthapāse tiṭṭhati, āpatti thullaccayassa.
- And chats with him: Sallapeyya vāti
- if, for the purpose of indulging in inappropriate sexual conduct, she stands within arm’s reach of a man, chatting with him, she commits a serious offense. etassa asaddhammassa paṭisevanatthāya purisassa hatthapāse ṭhitā sallapati, āpatti thullaccayassa.
- And goes to a rendezvous with him: Saṅketaṁ vā gaccheyyāti
- if, for the purpose of indulging in inappropriate sexual conduct, she goes to such-and-such a place when told by a man to do so, then for every step, she commits an offense of wrong conduct. etassa asaddhammassa paṭisevanatthāya purisena— “itthannāmaṁ okāsaṁ āgacchā”ti—vuttā gacchati. Pade pade āpatti dukkaṭassa. For entering within arm’s reach of the man, she commits a serious offense. Purisassa hatthapāsaṁ okkantamatte āpatti thullaccayassa.
- And consents to him coming to her: Purisassa vā abbhāgamanaṁ sādiyeyyāti
- if, for the purpose of indulging in inappropriate sexual conduct, she consents to a man coming to her, she commits an offense of wrong conduct. etassa asaddhammassa paṭisevanatthāya purisassa abbhāgamanaṁ sādiyati, āpatti dukkaṭassa. When he enters within arm’s reach, she commits a serious offense. Hatthapāsaṁ okkantamatte āpatti thullaccayassa.
- And enters a covered place with him: Channaṁ vā anupaviseyyāti
- if, for the purpose of indulging in inappropriate sexual conduct, she enters a concealed place with any man, she commits a serious offense. etassa asaddhammassa paṭisevanatthāya yena kenaci paṭicchannaṁ okāsaṁ paviṭṭhamatte āpatti thullaccayassa.
- And disposes her body for him for that purpose: Kāyaṁ vā tadatthāya upasaṁhareyyāti
- if, for the purpose of indulging in inappropriate sexual conduct, she disposes her body for a man while standing within arm’s reach of him, she commits a serious offense. etassa asaddhammassa paṭisevanatthāya purisassa hatthapāse ṭhitā kāyaṁ upasaṁharati, āpatti thullaccayassa.
- She too: Ayampīti
- this is said with reference to the preceding offenses entailing expulsion. purimāyo upādāya vuccati.
- Is expelled: Pārājikā hotīti
- just as a palm tree with its crown cut off is incapable of further growth, so is a nun who fulfills the eight parts not a monastic, not a daughter of the Sakyan. Therefore it is said “she is expelled.” seyyathāpi nāma tālo matthakacchinno abhabbo puna viruḷhiyā evameva bhikkhunī aṭṭhamaṁ vatthuṁ paripūrentī assamaṇī hoti asakyadhītā. Tena vuccati pārājikā hotīti.
- Excluded from the community: Asaṁvāsāti
- Community: joint legal procedures, a joint recitation, the same training—this is called “community”. saṁvāso nāma ekakammaṁ ekuddeso samasikkhatā. Eso saṁvāso nāma. She does not take part in this—therefore it is called “excluded from the community”. So tāya saddhiṁ natthi. Tena vuccati asaṁvāsāti.
Non-offenses
There is no offense: Anāpatti—if it is unintentional; asañcicca, if she is not mindful; assatiyā, if she does not know; ajānantiyā, if she does not consent; asādiyantiyā, if she is insane; ummattikāya, if she is deranged; khittacittāya, if she is overwhelmed by pain; vedanāṭṭāya, if she is the first offender. ādikammikāyāti.
The eighth offense entailing expulsion is finished. Catutthapārājikaṁ samattaṁ.
“Venerables, the eight rules on expulsion have been recited. Uddiṭṭhā kho, ayyāyo, aṭṭha pārājikā dhammā. If a nun commits any one of them, she no longer belongs to the community of nuns. As before, so after, she is expelled and excluded from the community. Yesaṁ bhikkhunī aññataraṁ vā aññataraṁ vā āpajjitvā na labhati bhikkhunīhi saddhiṁ saṁvāsaṁ, yathā pure tathā pacchā, pārājikā hoti asaṁvāsā. In regard to this I ask you, Tatthāyyāyo pucchāmi—‘Are you pure in this?’ “kaccittha parisuddhā”? A second time I ask, Dutiyampi pucchāmi—‘Are you pure in this?’ “kaccittha parisuddhā”? A third time I ask, Tatiyampi pucchāmi—‘Are you pure in this?’ “kaccittha parisuddhā”? You are pure in this and therefore silent. I’ll remember it thus.” Parisuddhetthāyyāyo, tasmā tuṇhī, evametaṁ dhārayāmīti.
The chapter on offenses entailing expulsion in the Nuns’ Analysis is finished. Bhikkhunivibhaṅge pārājikakaṇḍaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ.