Theravāda Collection on Monastic Law Theravāda Vinaya
The Great Analysis Mahāvibhaṅga
The chapter on offenses entailing confession Pācittiyakaṇḍa
The subchapter on lying Musāvādavagga

10. The training rule on digging the earth 10. Pathavīkhaṇanasikkhāpada

Origin story

At one time the Buddha was staying at Āḷavī at the Aggāḷava Shrine. Tena samayena buddho bhagavā āḷaviyaṁ viharati aggāḷave cetiye. At that time the monks of Āḷavī were doing building work, and they dug the earth and had it dug. Tena kho pana samayena āḷavakā bhikkhū navakammaṁ karontā pathaviṁ khaṇantipi khaṇāpentipi. People complained and criticized them, Manussā ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti—“How can the Sakyan monastics dig the earth and have it dug? “kathañhi nāma samaṇā sakyaputtiyā pathaviṁ khaṇissantipi khaṇāpessantipi. They are hurting one-sensed life.” Ekindriyaṁ samaṇā sakyaputtiyā jīvaṁ viheṭhentī”ti.

The monks heard the complaints of those people, Assosuṁ kho bhikkhū tesaṁ manussānaṁ ujjhāyantānaṁ khiyyantānaṁ vipācentānaṁ. and the monks of few desires complained and criticized those monks, Ye te bhikkhū appicchā …pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti—“How can those monks at Āḷavī dig the earth and have it dug?” … “kathañhi nāma āḷavakā bhikkhū pathaviṁ khaṇissantipi khaṇāpessantipī”ti …pe… “Is it true, monks, that you do this?” “saccaṁ kira tumhe, bhikkhave, pathaviṁ khaṇathapi khaṇāpethapī”ti?

“It’s true, sir.” “Saccaṁ, bhagavā”ti.

The Buddha rebuked them … Vigarahi buddho bhagavā …pe… “Foolish men, how can you do this? kathañhi nāma tumhe, moghapurisā, pathaviṁ khaṇissathapi khaṇāpessathapi. People regard the earth as conscious. Jīvasaññino hi, moghapurisā, manussā pathaviyā. This will affect people’s confidence …” … Netaṁ, moghapurisā, appasannānaṁ vā pasādāya …pe… “And, monks, this training rule should be recited like this: evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ uddiseyyātha—

Final ruling

‘If a monk digs the earth or has it dug, he commits an offense entailing confession.’” “Yo pana bhikkhu pathaviṁ khaṇeyya vā khaṇāpeyya vā, pācittiyan”ti.

Definitions

A: Yo panāti: whoever … yo yādiso …pe…
Monk: bhikkhūti: … The monk who has been given the full ordination by a unanimous Sangha through a legal procedure consisting of one motion and three announcements that is irreversible and fit to stand—this sort of monk is meant in this case. …pe… ayaṁ imasmiṁ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.
The earth: Pathavī nāma: there are two kinds of earth: productive earth and unproductive earth. dve pathaviyo— jātā ca pathavī ajātā ca pathavī.
Productive earth: Jātā nāma pathavī—: pure soil, pure clay, with few stones, with few pebbles, with few potsherds, with little gravel, with little sand; mostly soil, mostly clay. suddhapaṁsu suddhamattikā appapāsāṇā appasakkharā appakaṭhalā appamarumbā appavālikā, yebhuyyenapaṁsukā, yebhuyyenamattikā. If it is unburned, it is also called “productive earth”. Adaḍḍhāpi vuccati jātā pathavī. A pile of soil or clay that has been rained on for more than four months—this too is called “productive earth”. Yopi paṁsupuñjo vā mattikāpuñjo vā atirekacātumāsaṁ ovaṭṭho, ayampi vuccati jātā pathavī.
Unproductive earth: Ajātā nāma pathavī—: just stones, just pebbles, just potsherds, just gravel, just sand, with little soil, with little clay; mostly stones, mostly pebbles, mostly potsherds, mostly gravel, mostly sand. suddhapāsāṇā suddhasakkharā suddhakaṭhalā suddhamarumbā suddhavālikā appapaṁsukā appamattikā, yebhuyyenapāsāṇā, yebhuyyenasakkharā, yebhuyyenakaṭhalā, yebhuyyenamarumbā, yebhuyyenavālikā. If it is burned, it is also called “unproductive earth”. Daḍḍhāpi vuccati ajātā pathavī. A pile of soil or clay that has been rained on for less than four months—this too is called “unproductive earth”. Yopi paṁsupuñjo vā mattikāpuñjo vā omakacātumāsaṁ ovaṭṭho, ayampi vuccati ajātā pathavī.
Digs: Khaṇeyyāti: if he digs it himself, he commits an offense entailing confession. sayaṁ khaṇati, āpatti pācittiyassa.
Has dug: Khaṇāpeyyāti: if he asks another, he commits an offense entailing confession. aññaṁ āṇāpeti, āpatti pācittiyassa. If he only asks once, then even if the other digs a lot, he commits one offense entailing confession. Sakiṁ āṇatto bahukampi khaṇati, āpatti pācittiyassa.

Permutations

If it is earth, and he perceives it as such, and he digs it or has it dug, or he breaks it or has it broken, or he burns it or has it burned, he commits an offense entailing confession. Pathaviyā pathavisaññī khaṇati vā khaṇāpeti vā, bhindati vā bhedāpeti vā, dahati vā dahāpeti vā, āpatti pācittiyassa.

If it is earth, but he is unsure of it, and he digs it or has it dug, or he breaks it or has it broken, or he burns it or has it burned, he commits an offense of wrong conduct. Pathaviyā vematiko khaṇati vā khaṇāpeti vā, bhindati vā bhedāpeti vā, dahati vā dahāpeti vā, āpatti dukkaṭassa.

If it is earth, but he does not perceive it as such, and he digs it or has it dug, or he breaks it or has it broken, or he burns it or has it burned, there is no offense. Pathaviyā apathavisaññī khaṇati vā khaṇāpeti vā, bhindati vā bhedāpeti vā, dahati vā dahāpeti vā, anāpatti.

If it is not earth, but he perceives it as such, he commits an offense of wrong conduct. Apathaviyā pathavisaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa. If it is not earth, but he is unsure of it, he commits an offense of wrong conduct. Apathaviyā vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. If it is not earth, and he does not perceive it as such, there is no offense. Apathaviyā apathavisaññī, anāpatti.

Non-offenses

There is no offense: Anāpatti—if he says, “Consider this,” “Give this,” “Bring this,” “There’s need for this,” “Make this allowable;” “imaṁ jāna, imaṁ dehi, imaṁ āhara, iminā attho, imaṁ kappiyaṁ karohī”ti bhaṇati, if it is unintentional; asañcicca, if he is not mindful; asatiyā, if he does not know; ajānantassa, if he is insane; ummattakassa, if he is the first offender. ādikammikassāti.

The training rule on digging the earth, the tenth, is finished. Pathavīkhaṇanasikkhāpadaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ dasamaṁ.

The first subchapter on lying is finished. Musāvādavaggo paṭhamo.

This is the summary: Tassuddānaṁ

“Falsely, abusive, and malicious talebearing, Musā omasapesuññaṁ, Memorizing, and two on beds; padaseyyāya ve duve; Except with one who understands, true, Aññatra viññunā bhūtā, Grave offense, digging.” duṭṭhullāpatti khaṇanāti.

English Translation

Pāli Text

Theravāda Collection on Monastic Law
The Great Analysis
The chapter on offenses entailing confession
The subchapter on lying

10. The training rule on digging the earth

Origin story

At one time the Buddha was staying at Āḷavī at the Aggāḷava Shrine. At that time the monks of Āḷavī were doing building work, and they dug the earth and had it dug. People complained and criticized them, “How can the Sakyan monastics dig the earth and have it dug? They are hurting one-sensed life.”

The monks heard the complaints of those people, and the monks of few desires complained and criticized those monks, “How can those monks at Āḷavī dig the earth and have it dug?” … “Is it true, monks, that you do this?”

“It’s true, sir.”

The Buddha rebuked them … “Foolish men, how can you do this? People regard the earth as conscious. This will affect people’s confidence …” … “And, monks, this training rule should be recited like this:

Final ruling

‘If a monk digs the earth or has it dug, he commits an offense entailing confession.’”

Definitions

A:: whoever …
Monk:: … The monk who has been given the full ordination by a unanimous Sangha through a legal procedure consisting of one motion and three announcements that is irreversible and fit to stand—this sort of monk is meant in this case.
The earth:: there are two kinds of earth: productive earth and unproductive earth.
Productive earth:: pure soil, pure clay, with few stones, with few pebbles, with few potsherds, with little gravel, with little sand; mostly soil, mostly clay. If it is unburned, it is also called “productive earth”. A pile of soil or clay that has been rained on for more than four months—this too is called “productive earth”.
Unproductive earth:: just stones, just pebbles, just potsherds, just gravel, just sand, with little soil, with little clay; mostly stones, mostly pebbles, mostly potsherds, mostly gravel, mostly sand. If it is burned, it is also called “unproductive earth”. A pile of soil or clay that has been rained on for less than four months—this too is called “unproductive earth”.
Digs:: if he digs it himself, he commits an offense entailing confession.
Has dug:: if he asks another, he commits an offense entailing confession. If he only asks once, then even if the other digs a lot, he commits one offense entailing confession.

Permutations

If it is earth, and he perceives it as such, and he digs it or has it dug, or he breaks it or has it broken, or he burns it or has it burned, he commits an offense entailing confession.

If it is earth, but he is unsure of it, and he digs it or has it dug, or he breaks it or has it broken, or he burns it or has it burned, he commits an offense of wrong conduct.

If it is earth, but he does not perceive it as such, and he digs it or has it dug, or he breaks it or has it broken, or he burns it or has it burned, there is no offense.

If it is not earth, but he perceives it as such, he commits an offense of wrong conduct. If it is not earth, but he is unsure of it, he commits an offense of wrong conduct. If it is not earth, and he does not perceive it as such, there is no offense.

Non-offenses

There is no offense: if he says, “Consider this,” “Give this,” “Bring this,” “There’s need for this,” “Make this allowable;” if it is unintentional; if he is not mindful; if he does not know; if he is insane; if he is the first offender.

The training rule on digging the earth, the tenth, is finished.

The first subchapter on lying is finished.

This is the summary:

“Falsely, abusive, and malicious talebearing, Memorizing, and two on beds; Except with one who understands, true, Grave offense, digging.”

Theravāda Vinaya
Mahāvibhaṅga
Pācittiyakaṇḍa
Musāvādavagga

10. Pathavīkhaṇanasikkhāpada

Tena samayena buddho bhagavā āḷaviyaṁ viharati aggāḷave cetiye. Tena kho pana samayena āḷavakā bhikkhū navakammaṁ karontā pathaviṁ khaṇantipi khaṇāpentipi. Manussā ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti—“kathañhi nāma samaṇā sakyaputtiyā pathaviṁ khaṇissantipi khaṇāpessantipi. Ekindriyaṁ samaṇā sakyaputtiyā jīvaṁ viheṭhentī”ti.

Assosuṁ kho bhikkhū tesaṁ manussānaṁ ujjhāyantānaṁ khiyyantānaṁ vipācentānaṁ. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā …pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti—“kathañhi nāma āḷavakā bhikkhū pathaviṁ khaṇissantipi khaṇāpessantipī”ti …pe… “saccaṁ kira tumhe, bhikkhave, pathaviṁ khaṇathapi khaṇāpethapī”ti?

“Saccaṁ, bhagavā”ti.

Vigarahi buddho bhagavā …pe… kathañhi nāma tumhe, moghapurisā, pathaviṁ khaṇissathapi khaṇāpessathapi. Jīvasaññino hi, moghapurisā, manussā pathaviyā. Netaṁ, moghapurisā, appasannānaṁ vā pasādāya …pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ uddiseyyātha—

“Yo pana bhikkhu pathaviṁ khaṇeyya vā khaṇāpeyya vā, pācittiyan”ti.

Yo panāti: yo yādiso …pe…
bhikkhūti: …pe… ayaṁ imasmiṁ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.
Pathavī nāma: dve pathaviyo— jātā ca pathavī ajātā ca pathavī.
Jātā nāma pathavī—: suddhapaṁsu suddhamattikā appapāsāṇā appasakkharā appakaṭhalā appamarumbā appavālikā, yebhuyyenapaṁsukā, yebhuyyenamattikā. Adaḍḍhāpi vuccati jātā pathavī. Yopi paṁsupuñjo vā mattikāpuñjo vā atirekacātumāsaṁ ovaṭṭho, ayampi vuccati jātā pathavī.
Ajātā nāma pathavī—: suddhapāsāṇā suddhasakkharā suddhakaṭhalā suddhamarumbā suddhavālikā appapaṁsukā appamattikā, yebhuyyenapāsāṇā, yebhuyyenasakkharā, yebhuyyenakaṭhalā, yebhuyyenamarumbā, yebhuyyenavālikā. Daḍḍhāpi vuccati ajātā pathavī. Yopi paṁsupuñjo vā mattikāpuñjo vā omakacātumāsaṁ ovaṭṭho, ayampi vuccati ajātā pathavī.
Khaṇeyyāti: sayaṁ khaṇati, āpatti pācittiyassa.
Khaṇāpeyyāti: aññaṁ āṇāpeti, āpatti pācittiyassa. Sakiṁ āṇatto bahukampi khaṇati, āpatti pācittiyassa.

Pathaviyā pathavisaññī khaṇati vā khaṇāpeti vā, bhindati vā bhedāpeti vā, dahati vā dahāpeti vā, āpatti pācittiyassa.

Pathaviyā vematiko khaṇati vā khaṇāpeti vā, bhindati vā bhedāpeti vā, dahati vā dahāpeti vā, āpatti dukkaṭassa.

Pathaviyā apathavisaññī khaṇati vā khaṇāpeti vā, bhindati vā bhedāpeti vā, dahati vā dahāpeti vā, anāpatti.

Apathaviyā pathavisaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Apathaviyā vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Apathaviyā apathavisaññī, anāpatti.

Anāpatti—“imaṁ jāna, imaṁ dehi, imaṁ āhara, iminā attho, imaṁ kappiyaṁ karohī”ti bhaṇati, asañcicca, asatiyā, ajānantassa, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.

Pathavīkhaṇanasikkhāpadaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ dasamaṁ.

Musāvādavaggo paṭhamo.

Tassuddānaṁ

Musā omasapesuññaṁ, padaseyyāya ve duve; Aññatra viññunā bhūtā, duṭṭhullāpatti khaṇanāti.

Theravāda Collection on Monastic Law Theravāda Vinaya
The Great Analysis Mahāvibhaṅga
The chapter on offenses entailing confession Pācittiyakaṇḍa
The subchapter on lying Musāvādavagga

10. The training rule on digging the earth 10. Pathavīkhaṇanasikkhāpada

Origin story

“It’s true, sir.” “Saccaṁ, bhagavā”ti.

Final ruling

‘If a monk digs the earth or has it dug, he commits an offense entailing confession.’” “Yo pana bhikkhu pathaviṁ khaṇeyya vā khaṇāpeyya vā, pācittiyan”ti.

Definitions

A: Yo panāti: whoever … yo yādiso …pe…
Monk: bhikkhūti: … The monk who has been given the full ordination by a unanimous Sangha through a legal procedure consisting of one motion and three announcements that is irreversible and fit to stand—this sort of monk is meant in this case. …pe… ayaṁ imasmiṁ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.
The earth: Pathavī nāma: there are two kinds of earth: productive earth and unproductive earth. dve pathaviyo— jātā ca pathavī ajātā ca pathavī.
Productive earth: Jātā nāma pathavī—: pure soil, pure clay, with few stones, with few pebbles, with few potsherds, with little gravel, with little sand; mostly soil, mostly clay. suddhapaṁsu suddhamattikā appapāsāṇā appasakkharā appakaṭhalā appamarumbā appavālikā, yebhuyyenapaṁsukā, yebhuyyenamattikā. If it is unburned, it is also called “productive earth”. Adaḍḍhāpi vuccati jātā pathavī. A pile of soil or clay that has been rained on for more than four months—this too is called “productive earth”. Yopi paṁsupuñjo vā mattikāpuñjo vā atirekacātumāsaṁ ovaṭṭho, ayampi vuccati jātā pathavī.
Unproductive earth: Ajātā nāma pathavī—: just stones, just pebbles, just potsherds, just gravel, just sand, with little soil, with little clay; mostly stones, mostly pebbles, mostly potsherds, mostly gravel, mostly sand. suddhapāsāṇā suddhasakkharā suddhakaṭhalā suddhamarumbā suddhavālikā appapaṁsukā appamattikā, yebhuyyenapāsāṇā, yebhuyyenasakkharā, yebhuyyenakaṭhalā, yebhuyyenamarumbā, yebhuyyenavālikā. If it is burned, it is also called “unproductive earth”. Daḍḍhāpi vuccati ajātā pathavī. A pile of soil or clay that has been rained on for less than four months—this too is called “unproductive earth”. Yopi paṁsupuñjo vā mattikāpuñjo vā omakacātumāsaṁ ovaṭṭho, ayampi vuccati ajātā pathavī.
Digs: Khaṇeyyāti: if he digs it himself, he commits an offense entailing confession. sayaṁ khaṇati, āpatti pācittiyassa.
Has dug: Khaṇāpeyyāti: if he asks another, he commits an offense entailing confession. aññaṁ āṇāpeti, āpatti pācittiyassa. If he only asks once, then even if the other digs a lot, he commits one offense entailing confession. Sakiṁ āṇatto bahukampi khaṇati, āpatti pācittiyassa.

Permutations

Non-offenses

The training rule on digging the earth, the tenth, is finished. Pathavīkhaṇanasikkhāpadaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ dasamaṁ.

The first subchapter on lying is finished. Musāvādavaggo paṭhamo.

This is the summary: Tassuddānaṁ

“Falsely, abusive, and malicious talebearing, Musā omasapesuññaṁ, Memorizing, and two on beds; padaseyyāya ve duve; Except with one who understands, true, Aññatra viññunā bhūtā, Grave offense, digging.” duṭṭhullāpatti khaṇanāti.