Theravāda Collection on Monastic Law Theravāda Vinaya
The Great Analysis Mahāvibhaṅga
The chapter on offenses entailing confession Pācittiyakaṇḍa
The subchapter on plants Bhūtagāmavagga

11. The training rule on plants 11. Bhūtagāmasikkhāpada

Origin story

At one time the Buddha was staying at Āḷavī at the Aggāḷava Shrine. Tena samayena buddho bhagavā āḷaviyaṁ viharati aggāḷave cetiye. At that time the monks of Āḷavī were doing building work, and they cut down trees and had them cut down. Tena kho pana samayena āḷavakā bhikkhū navakammaṁ karontā rukkhaṁ chindantipi chedāpentipi. Then, when a certain monk was cutting down a tree, Aññataropi āḷavako bhikkhu rukkhaṁ chindati. the deity that lived in it said to him, Tasmiṁ rukkhe adhivatthā devatā taṁ bhikkhuṁ etadavoca—“Venerable, don’t cut down our dwelling because you want to build a dwelling for yourself.” “mā, bhante, attano bhavanaṁ kattukāmo mayhaṁ bhavanaṁ chindī”ti. Not taking any heed, he just cut it down, and he hurt the arm of that deity’s child. So bhikkhu anādiyanto chindiyeva, tassā ca devatāya dārakassa bāhuṁ ākoṭesi. The deity thought, Atha kho tassā devatāya etadahosi—“Why don’t I just kill this monk?” “yannūnāhaṁ imaṁ bhikkhuṁ idheva jīvitā voropeyyan”ti. But then it reconsidered, Atha kho tassā devatāya etadahosi—“It wouldn’t be right to just kill this monk. “na kho metaṁ patirūpaṁ yāhaṁ imaṁ bhikkhuṁ idheva jīvitā voropeyyaṁ. Let me instead tell the Buddha about this matter.” Yannūnāhaṁ bhagavato etamatthaṁ āroceyyan”ti. And it approached the Buddha and told him what had happened. Atha kho sā devatā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesi.

“Well done, deity! “Sādhu sādhu, devate. It’s good that you didn’t kill that monk. Sādhu kho tvaṁ, devate, taṁ bhikkhuṁ jīvitā na voropesi. If you had killed that monk, you would have made much demerit. Sacajja tvaṁ, devate, taṁ bhikkhuṁ jīvitā voropeyyāsi, bahuñca tvaṁ, devate, apuññaṁ pasaveyyāsi. The tree over there is empty. Take that as your dwelling.” Gaccha tvaṁ, devate, amukasmiṁ okāse rukkho vivitto tasmiṁ upagacchā”ti.

People complained and criticized the monks, Manussā ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti—“How can the Sakyan monastics cut down trees and have them cut down? They are hurting life with one sense.” “kathañhi nāma samaṇā sakyaputtiyā rukkhaṁ chindissantipi chedāpessantipi ekindriyaṁ samaṇā sakyaputtiyā jīvaṁ viheṭhentī”ti.

The monks heard the complaints of those people, Assosuṁ kho bhikkhū tesaṁ manussānaṁ ujjhāyantānaṁ khiyyantānaṁ vipācentānaṁ. and the monks of few desires complained and criticized those monks, Ye te bhikkhū appicchā …pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti—“How can those monks at Āḷavī cut down trees and have them cut down?”… “kathañhi nāma āḷavakā bhikkhū rukkhaṁ chindissantipi chedāpessantipī”ti …pe… “Is it true, monks, that you do this?” “saccaṁ kira tumhe, bhikkhave, rukkhaṁ chindathāpi chedāpethāpī”ti?

“It’s true, sir.” “Saccaṁ, bhagavā”ti.

The Buddha rebuked them … Vigarahi buddho bhagavā …pe… “Foolish men, how can you do this? kathañhi nāma tumhe, moghapurisā, rukkhaṁ chindissathāpi, chedāpessathāpi. People regard trees as conscious. Jīvasaññino hi, moghapurisā, manussā rukkhasmiṁ. This will affect people’s confidence …” … Netaṁ, moghapurisā, appasannānaṁ vā pasādāya …pe… “And, monks, this training rule should be recited like this: evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ uddiseyyātha—

Final ruling

‘If a monk destroys a plant, he commits an offense entailing confession.’” “Bhūtagāmapātabyatāya pācittiyan”ti.

Definitions

Plant: Bhūtagāmo nāma: there are five kinds of propagation: propagation from roots, propagation from stems, propagation from joints, propagation from cuttings, propagation from seeds. pañca bījajātāni— mūlabījaṁ, khandhabījaṁ, phaḷubījaṁ, aggabījaṁ, bījabījameva pañcamaṁ.
Propagation from roots: Mūlabījaṁ nāma—: turmeric, ginger, sweet flag, white sweet flag, atis root, black hellebore, vetiver root, nutgrass, or any other plant produced from roots, that grows from roots—this is called “propagation from roots”. haliddi, siṅgiveraṁ, vacā, vacattaṁ, ativisā, kaṭukarohiṇī, usīraṁ, bhaddamuttakaṁ, yāni vā panaññānipi atthi mūle jāyanti, mūle sañjāyanti, etaṁ mūlabījaṁ nāma.
Propagation from stems: Khandhabījaṁ nāma—: the Bodhi tree, the banyan tree, the Indian rock fig, the cluster fig, the Indian cedar, the portia tree, or any other plant produced from stems, that grows from stems—this is called “propagation from stems”. assattho, nigrodho, pilakkho, udumbaro, kacchako, kapitthano, yāni vā panaññānipi atthi khandhe jāyanti, khandhe sañjāyanti, etaṁ khandhabījaṁ nāma.
Propagation from joints: Phaḷubījaṁ nāma—: sugarcane, bamboo, reed, or any other plant produced from joints, that grows from joints—this is called “propagation from joints”. ucchu, veḷu, naḷo, yāni vā panaññānipi atthi pabbe jāyanti, pabbe sañjāyanti, etaṁ phaḷubījaṁ nāma.
Propagation from cuttings: Aggabījaṁ nāma—: shrubby basil, rajmahal hemp, Vicks plant, or any other plant produced from cuttings, that grows from cuttings—this is called “propagation from cuttings”. ajjukaṁ, phaṇijjakaṁ, hiriveraṁ, yāni vā panaññānipi atthi agge jāyanti, agge sañjāyanti, etaṁ aggabījaṁ nāma.
Propagation from seeds: Bījabījaṁ nāma—: grains, vegetables, or any other plant produced from seeds, that grows from seeds—this is called “propagation from seeds”. pubbaṇṇaṁ, aparaṇṇaṁ, yāni vā panaññānipi atthi bīje jāyanti, bīje sañjāyanti, etaṁ bījabījaṁ nāma.

Permutations

If it is capable of propagation, and he perceives that it is, and he cuts it down or has it cut down, or he breaks it or has it broken, or he cooks it or has it cooked, he commits an offense entailing confession. Bīje bījasaññī chindati vā chedāpeti vā, bhindati vā bhedāpeti vā, pacati vā pacāpeti vā, āpatti pācittiyassa. If it is capable of propagation, but he is unsure of it, and he cuts it down or has it cut down, or he breaks it or has it broken, or he cooks it or has it cooked, he commits an offense of wrong conduct. Bīje vematiko chindati vā chedāpeti vā, bhindati vā bhedāpeti vā, pacati vā pacāpeti vā, āpatti dukkaṭassa. If it is capable of propagation, but he perceives that it is not, and he cuts it down or has it cut down, or he breaks it or has it broken, or he cooks it or has it cooked, there is no offense. Bīje abījasaññī chindati vā chedāpeti vā, bhindati vā bhedāpeti vā, pacati vā pacāpeti vā, anāpatti.

If it is not capable of propagation, but he perceives that it is, he commits an offense of wrong conduct. Abīje bījasaññī āpatti dukkaṭassa. If it is not capable of propagation, but he is unsure of it, he commits an offense of wrong conduct. Abīje vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. If it is not capable of propagation, and he perceives that it is not, there is no offense. Abīje abījasaññī, anāpatti.

Non-offenses

There is no offense: Anāpatti—if he says, “Consider this”, “Give this”, “Bring this”, “There’s need for this”, “Make this allowable;” “imaṁ jāna, imaṁ dehi, imaṁ āhara, iminā attho, imaṁ kappiyaṁ karohī”ti bhaṇati, if it is unintentional; asañcicca, if he is not mindful; assatiyā, if he does not know; ajānantassa, if he is insane; ummattakassa, if he is the first offender. ādikammikassāti.

The training rule on plants, the first, is finished. Bhūtagāmasikkhāpadaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ paṭhamaṁ.

English Translation

Pāli Text

Theravāda Collection on Monastic Law
The Great Analysis
The chapter on offenses entailing confession
The subchapter on plants

11. The training rule on plants

Origin story

At one time the Buddha was staying at Āḷavī at the Aggāḷava Shrine. At that time the monks of Āḷavī were doing building work, and they cut down trees and had them cut down. Then, when a certain monk was cutting down a tree, the deity that lived in it said to him, “Venerable, don’t cut down our dwelling because you want to build a dwelling for yourself.” Not taking any heed, he just cut it down, and he hurt the arm of that deity’s child. The deity thought, “Why don’t I just kill this monk?” But then it reconsidered, “It wouldn’t be right to just kill this monk. Let me instead tell the Buddha about this matter.” And it approached the Buddha and told him what had happened.

“Well done, deity! It’s good that you didn’t kill that monk. If you had killed that monk, you would have made much demerit. The tree over there is empty. Take that as your dwelling.”

People complained and criticized the monks, “How can the Sakyan monastics cut down trees and have them cut down? They are hurting life with one sense.”

The monks heard the complaints of those people, and the monks of few desires complained and criticized those monks, “How can those monks at Āḷavī cut down trees and have them cut down?”… “Is it true, monks, that you do this?”

“It’s true, sir.”

The Buddha rebuked them … “Foolish men, how can you do this? People regard trees as conscious. This will affect people’s confidence …” … “And, monks, this training rule should be recited like this:

Final ruling

‘If a monk destroys a plant, he commits an offense entailing confession.’”

Definitions

Plant:: there are five kinds of propagation: propagation from roots, propagation from stems, propagation from joints, propagation from cuttings, propagation from seeds.
Propagation from roots:: turmeric, ginger, sweet flag, white sweet flag, atis root, black hellebore, vetiver root, nutgrass, or any other plant produced from roots, that grows from roots—this is called “propagation from roots”.
Propagation from stems:: the Bodhi tree, the banyan tree, the Indian rock fig, the cluster fig, the Indian cedar, the portia tree, or any other plant produced from stems, that grows from stems—this is called “propagation from stems”.
Propagation from joints:: sugarcane, bamboo, reed, or any other plant produced from joints, that grows from joints—this is called “propagation from joints”.
Propagation from cuttings:: shrubby basil, rajmahal hemp, Vicks plant, or any other plant produced from cuttings, that grows from cuttings—this is called “propagation from cuttings”.
Propagation from seeds:: grains, vegetables, or any other plant produced from seeds, that grows from seeds—this is called “propagation from seeds”.

Permutations

If it is capable of propagation, and he perceives that it is, and he cuts it down or has it cut down, or he breaks it or has it broken, or he cooks it or has it cooked, he commits an offense entailing confession. If it is capable of propagation, but he is unsure of it, and he cuts it down or has it cut down, or he breaks it or has it broken, or he cooks it or has it cooked, he commits an offense of wrong conduct. If it is capable of propagation, but he perceives that it is not, and he cuts it down or has it cut down, or he breaks it or has it broken, or he cooks it or has it cooked, there is no offense.

If it is not capable of propagation, but he perceives that it is, he commits an offense of wrong conduct. If it is not capable of propagation, but he is unsure of it, he commits an offense of wrong conduct. If it is not capable of propagation, and he perceives that it is not, there is no offense.

Non-offenses

There is no offense: if he says, “Consider this”, “Give this”, “Bring this”, “There’s need for this”, “Make this allowable;” if it is unintentional; if he is not mindful; if he does not know; if he is insane; if he is the first offender.

The training rule on plants, the first, is finished.

Theravāda Vinaya
Mahāvibhaṅga
Pācittiyakaṇḍa
Bhūtagāmavagga

11. Bhūtagāmasikkhāpada

Tena samayena buddho bhagavā āḷaviyaṁ viharati aggāḷave cetiye. Tena kho pana samayena āḷavakā bhikkhū navakammaṁ karontā rukkhaṁ chindantipi chedāpentipi. Aññataropi āḷavako bhikkhu rukkhaṁ chindati. Tasmiṁ rukkhe adhivatthā devatā taṁ bhikkhuṁ etadavoca—“mā, bhante, attano bhavanaṁ kattukāmo mayhaṁ bhavanaṁ chindī”ti. So bhikkhu anādiyanto chindiyeva, tassā ca devatāya dārakassa bāhuṁ ākoṭesi. Atha kho tassā devatāya etadahosi—“yannūnāhaṁ imaṁ bhikkhuṁ idheva jīvitā voropeyyan”ti. Atha kho tassā devatāya etadahosi—“na kho metaṁ patirūpaṁ yāhaṁ imaṁ bhikkhuṁ idheva jīvitā voropeyyaṁ. Yannūnāhaṁ bhagavato etamatthaṁ āroceyyan”ti. Atha kho sā devatā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesi.

“Sādhu sādhu, devate. Sādhu kho tvaṁ, devate, taṁ bhikkhuṁ jīvitā na voropesi. Sacajja tvaṁ, devate, taṁ bhikkhuṁ jīvitā voropeyyāsi, bahuñca tvaṁ, devate, apuññaṁ pasaveyyāsi. Gaccha tvaṁ, devate, amukasmiṁ okāse rukkho vivitto tasmiṁ upagacchā”ti.

Manussā ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti—“kathañhi nāma samaṇā sakyaputtiyā rukkhaṁ chindissantipi chedāpessantipi ekindriyaṁ samaṇā sakyaputtiyā jīvaṁ viheṭhentī”ti.

Assosuṁ kho bhikkhū tesaṁ manussānaṁ ujjhāyantānaṁ khiyyantānaṁ vipācentānaṁ. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā …pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti—“kathañhi nāma āḷavakā bhikkhū rukkhaṁ chindissantipi chedāpessantipī”ti …pe… “saccaṁ kira tumhe, bhikkhave, rukkhaṁ chindathāpi chedāpethāpī”ti?

“Saccaṁ, bhagavā”ti.

Vigarahi buddho bhagavā …pe… kathañhi nāma tumhe, moghapurisā, rukkhaṁ chindissathāpi, chedāpessathāpi. Jīvasaññino hi, moghapurisā, manussā rukkhasmiṁ. Netaṁ, moghapurisā, appasannānaṁ vā pasādāya …pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ uddiseyyātha—

“Bhūtagāmapātabyatāya pācittiyan”ti.

Bhūtagāmo nāma: pañca bījajātāni— mūlabījaṁ, khandhabījaṁ, phaḷubījaṁ, aggabījaṁ, bījabījameva pañcamaṁ.
Mūlabījaṁ nāma—: haliddi, siṅgiveraṁ, vacā, vacattaṁ, ativisā, kaṭukarohiṇī, usīraṁ, bhaddamuttakaṁ, yāni vā panaññānipi atthi mūle jāyanti, mūle sañjāyanti, etaṁ mūlabījaṁ nāma.
Khandhabījaṁ nāma—: assattho, nigrodho, pilakkho, udumbaro, kacchako, kapitthano, yāni vā panaññānipi atthi khandhe jāyanti, khandhe sañjāyanti, etaṁ khandhabījaṁ nāma.
Phaḷubījaṁ nāma—: ucchu, veḷu, naḷo, yāni vā panaññānipi atthi pabbe jāyanti, pabbe sañjāyanti, etaṁ phaḷubījaṁ nāma.
Aggabījaṁ nāma—: ajjukaṁ, phaṇijjakaṁ, hiriveraṁ, yāni vā panaññānipi atthi agge jāyanti, agge sañjāyanti, etaṁ aggabījaṁ nāma.
Bījabījaṁ nāma—: pubbaṇṇaṁ, aparaṇṇaṁ, yāni vā panaññānipi atthi bīje jāyanti, bīje sañjāyanti, etaṁ bījabījaṁ nāma.

Bīje bījasaññī chindati vā chedāpeti vā, bhindati vā bhedāpeti vā, pacati vā pacāpeti vā, āpatti pācittiyassa. Bīje vematiko chindati vā chedāpeti vā, bhindati vā bhedāpeti vā, pacati vā pacāpeti vā, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Bīje abījasaññī chindati vā chedāpeti vā, bhindati vā bhedāpeti vā, pacati vā pacāpeti vā, anāpatti.

Abīje bījasaññī āpatti dukkaṭassa. Abīje vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Abīje abījasaññī, anāpatti.

Anāpatti—“imaṁ jāna, imaṁ dehi, imaṁ āhara, iminā attho, imaṁ kappiyaṁ karohī”ti bhaṇati, asañcicca, assatiyā, ajānantassa, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.

Bhūtagāmasikkhāpadaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ paṭhamaṁ.

Theravāda Collection on Monastic Law Theravāda Vinaya
The Great Analysis Mahāvibhaṅga
The chapter on offenses entailing confession Pācittiyakaṇḍa
The subchapter on plants Bhūtagāmavagga

11. The training rule on plants 11. Bhūtagāmasikkhāpada

Origin story

“It’s true, sir.” “Saccaṁ, bhagavā”ti.

Final ruling

‘If a monk destroys a plant, he commits an offense entailing confession.’” “Bhūtagāmapātabyatāya pācittiyan”ti.

Definitions

Plant: Bhūtagāmo nāma: there are five kinds of propagation: propagation from roots, propagation from stems, propagation from joints, propagation from cuttings, propagation from seeds. pañca bījajātāni— mūlabījaṁ, khandhabījaṁ, phaḷubījaṁ, aggabījaṁ, bījabījameva pañcamaṁ.
Propagation from roots: Mūlabījaṁ nāma—: turmeric, ginger, sweet flag, white sweet flag, atis root, black hellebore, vetiver root, nutgrass, or any other plant produced from roots, that grows from roots—this is called “propagation from roots”. haliddi, siṅgiveraṁ, vacā, vacattaṁ, ativisā, kaṭukarohiṇī, usīraṁ, bhaddamuttakaṁ, yāni vā panaññānipi atthi mūle jāyanti, mūle sañjāyanti, etaṁ mūlabījaṁ nāma.
Propagation from stems: Khandhabījaṁ nāma—: the Bodhi tree, the banyan tree, the Indian rock fig, the cluster fig, the Indian cedar, the portia tree, or any other plant produced from stems, that grows from stems—this is called “propagation from stems”. assattho, nigrodho, pilakkho, udumbaro, kacchako, kapitthano, yāni vā panaññānipi atthi khandhe jāyanti, khandhe sañjāyanti, etaṁ khandhabījaṁ nāma.
Propagation from joints: Phaḷubījaṁ nāma—: sugarcane, bamboo, reed, or any other plant produced from joints, that grows from joints—this is called “propagation from joints”. ucchu, veḷu, naḷo, yāni vā panaññānipi atthi pabbe jāyanti, pabbe sañjāyanti, etaṁ phaḷubījaṁ nāma.
Propagation from cuttings: Aggabījaṁ nāma—: shrubby basil, rajmahal hemp, Vicks plant, or any other plant produced from cuttings, that grows from cuttings—this is called “propagation from cuttings”. ajjukaṁ, phaṇijjakaṁ, hiriveraṁ, yāni vā panaññānipi atthi agge jāyanti, agge sañjāyanti, etaṁ aggabījaṁ nāma.
Propagation from seeds: Bījabījaṁ nāma—: grains, vegetables, or any other plant produced from seeds, that grows from seeds—this is called “propagation from seeds”. pubbaṇṇaṁ, aparaṇṇaṁ, yāni vā panaññānipi atthi bīje jāyanti, bīje sañjāyanti, etaṁ bījabījaṁ nāma.

Permutations

Non-offenses

The training rule on plants, the first, is finished. Bhūtagāmasikkhāpadaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ paṭhamaṁ.