- Theravāda Collection on Monastic Law Theravāda Vinaya
- The Great Analysis Mahāvibhaṅga
- The chapter on offenses entailing confession Pācittiyakaṇḍa
- The subchapter on plants Bhūtagāmavagga
16. The training rule on encroaching 16. Anupakhajjasikkhāpada
Origin story
At one time when the Buddha was staying at Sāvatthī in Anāthapiṇḍika’s Monastery, Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṁ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. the monks from the group of six had taken possession of the best sleeping places. When the the senior monks evicted them, Tena kho pana samayena chabbaggiyā bhikkhū varaseyyāyo palibundhenti, therā bhikkhū vuṭṭhāpenti. they thought, Atha kho chabbaggiyānaṁ bhikkhūnaṁ etadahosi—“How can we get to stay here during the rainy season?” “kena nu kho mayaṁ upāyena idheva vassaṁ vaseyyāmā”ti? They then arranged their sleeping places so as to encroach on the senior monks, thinking, Atha kho chabbaggiyā bhikkhū there bhikkhū anupakhajja seyyaṁ kappenti—“Whoever feels crowded will leave.” “yassa sambādho bhavissati so pakkamissatī”ti.
The monks of few desires complained and criticized them, Ye te bhikkhū appicchā …pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti—“How could the monks from the group of six arrange their sleeping places so as to encroach on the senior monks?” “kathañhi nāma chabbaggiyā bhikkhū there bhikkhū anupakhajja seyyaṁ kappessantī”ti.
After rebuking those monks in many ways, they told the Buddha. Soon afterwards he had the Sangha gathered and questioned the monks: Atha kho te bhikkhū chabbaggiye bhikkhū anekapariyāyena vigarahitvā bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ …pe… “Is it true, monks, that you did this?” “saccaṁ kira tumhe, bhikkhave, there bhikkhū anupakhajja seyyaṁ kappethā”ti?
“It’s true, sir.” “Saccaṁ, bhagavā”ti.
The Buddha rebuked them … Vigarahi buddho bhagavā …pe… “Foolish men, how could you do this? kathañhi nāma tumhe, moghapurisā, there bhikkhū anupakhajja seyyaṁ kappessatha. This will affect people’s confidence …” … Netaṁ, moghapurisā, appasannānaṁ vā pasādāya …pe… “And, monks, this training rule should be recited like this: evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ uddiseyyātha—
Final ruling
‘If, in a dwelling belonging to the Sangha, a monk arranges his sleeping place in a way that encroaches on a monk that he knows arrived there before him, with the intention that anyone who feels crowded will leave, and he does so only for this reason and no other, he commits an offense entailing confession.’” “Yo pana bhikkhu saṅghike vihāre jānaṁ pubbupagataṁ bhikkhuṁ anupakhajja seyyaṁ kappeyya— yassa sambādho bhavissati so pakkamissatī’ti, etadeva paccayaṁ karitvā anaññaṁ, pācittiyan”ti.
Definitions
- A: Yo panāti
- whoever … yo yādiso …pe…
- Monk: bhikkhūti
- …The monk who has been given the full ordination by a unanimous Sangha through a legal procedure consisting of one motion and three announcements that is irreversible and fit to stand—this sort of monk is meant in this case. …pe… ayaṁ imasmiṁ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.
- A dwelling belonging to the Sangha: Saṅghiko nāma vihāro
- given to the Sangha, given up to the Sangha. saṅghassa dinno hoti pariccatto.
- He knows: Jānāti nāma
- he knows that he is senior, he knows that he is sick, he knows that it was given to him by the Sangha. vuḍḍhoti jānāti, gilānoti jānāti, saṅghena dinnoti jānāti.
- To encroach on: Anupakhajjāti
- enters after. anupavisitvā.
- Arranges his sleeping place: Seyyaṁ kappeyyāti
- if he puts out his sleeping place at the access to the bed, the bench, the entrance, or the exit, he commits an offense of wrong conduct. mañcassa vā pīṭhassa vā pavisantassa vā nikkhamantassa vā upacāre seyyaṁ santharati vā santharāpeti vā, āpatti dukkaṭassa. If he sits down or lies down on it, he commits an offense entailing confession. Abhinisīdati vā abhinipajjati vā, āpatti pācittiyassa.
- He does so only for this reason and no other: Etadeva paccayaṁ karitvā anaññanti
- there is no other reason for arranging his sleeping place in a way that encroaches. na añño koci paccayo hoti anupakhajja seyyaṁ kappetuṁ.
Permutations
If it belongs to the Sangha, and he perceives it as such, and he arranges his sleeping place there in a way that encroaches, he commits an offense entailing confession. Saṅghike saṅghikasaññī anupakhajja seyyaṁ kappeti, āpatti pācittiyassa. If it belongs to the Sangha, but he is unsure of it, and he arranges his sleeping place there in a way that encroaches, he commits an offense entailing confession. Saṅghike vematiko anupakhajja seyyaṁ kappeti, āpatti pācittiyassa. If it belongs to the Sangha, but he perceives it as belonging to an individual, and he arranges his sleeping place there in a way that encroaches, he commits an offense entailing confession. Saṅghike puggalikasaññī anupakhajja seyyaṁ kappeti, āpatti pācittiyassa.
If he puts out his sleeping place, or has it put out, anywhere apart from the access to the bed, the bench, the entrance, or the exit, he commits an offense of wrong conduct. Mañcassa vā pīṭhassa vā pavisantassa vā nikkhamantassa vā upacāraṁ ṭhapetvā seyyaṁ santharati vā santharāpeti vā, āpatti dukkaṭassa. If he sits down or lies down on it, he commits an offense of wrong conduct. Abhinisīdati vā abhinipajjati vā, āpatti dukkaṭassa. If he puts out his sleeping place, or has it put out, in the vicinity of a dwelling, in an assembly hall, under a roof cover, at the foot of a tree, or out in the open, he commits an offense of wrong conduct. Vihārassa upacāre vā upaṭṭhānasālāyaṁ vā maṇḍape vā rukkhamūle vā ajjhokāse vā seyyaṁ santharati vā santharāpeti vā, āpatti dukkaṭassa. If he sits down or lies down on it, he commits an offense of wrong conduct. Abhinisīdati vā abhinipajjati vā, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
If it belongs to an individual, but he perceives it as belonging to the Sangha, he commits an offense of wrong conduct. Puggalike saṅghikasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa. If it belongs to an individual, but he is unsure of it, he commits an offense of wrong conduct. Puggalike vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. If it belongs to an individual, and he perceives it as such, but that individual is not himself, he commits an offense of wrong conduct. Puggalike puggalikasaññī aññassa puggalike āpatti dukkaṭassa. If it belongs to himself, there is no offense. Attano puggalike anāpatti.
Non-offenses
There is no offense: Anāpatti—if he enters because he is sick; gilāno pavisati, if he enters because he is feeling cold or hot; sītena vā uṇhena vā pīḷito pavisati, if there is an emergency; āpadāsu, if he is insane; ummattakassa, if he is the first offender. ādikammikassāti.
The training rule on encroaching, the sixth, is finished. Anupakhajjasikkhāpadaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ chaṭṭhaṁ.