- Theravāda Collection on Monastic Law Theravāda Vinaya
- The Great Analysis Mahāvibhaṅga
- The chapter on offenses entailing confession Pācittiyakaṇḍa
- The subchapter on plants Bhūtagāmavagga
17. The training rule on throwing out 17. Nikkaḍḍhanasikkhāpada
Origin story
At one time the Buddha was staying at Sāvatthī in the Jeta Grove, Anāthapiṇḍika’s Monastery. Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṁ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. At that time the monks from the group of seventeen were repairing a large dwelling nearby, Tena kho pana samayena sattarasavaggiyā bhikkhū aññataraṁ paccantimaṁ mahāvihāraṁ paṭisaṅkharonti—intending to stay there for the rainy season. “idha mayaṁ vassaṁ vasissāmā”ti. The monks from the group of six saw this Addasaṁsu kho chabbaggiyā bhikkhū sattarasavaggiye bhikkhū vihāraṁ paṭisaṅkharonte. and said, Disvāna evamāhaṁsu—“These monks from the group of seventeen are repairing a dwelling. “ime, āvuso, sattarasavaggiyā bhikkhū vihāraṁ paṭisaṅkharonti. Let’s throw them out.” Handa ne vuṭṭhāpessāmā”ti. But some of them said, Ekacce evamāhaṁsu—“Let’s wait until they’ve finished repairing it.” “āgamethāvuso, yāva paṭisaṅkharonti; paṭisaṅkhate vuṭṭhāpessāmā”ti.
Soon afterwards the monks from the group of six said to those from the group of seventeen, Atha kho chabbaggiyā bhikkhū sattarasavaggiye bhikkhū etadavocuṁ—“Leave, this dwelling is ours.” “uṭṭhethāvuso, amhākaṁ vihāro pāpuṇātī”ti.
“Shouldn’t you have told us beforehand? We would’ve repaired another one.” “Nanu, āvuso, paṭikacceva ācikkhitabbaṁ, mayañcaññaṁ paṭisaṅkhareyyāmā”ti.
“Doesn’t this dwelling belong to the Sangha?” “Nanu, āvuso, saṅghiko vihāro”ti?
“Yes, it does.” “Āmāvuso, saṅghiko vihāro”ti.
“Well then, leave! This dwelling is ours.” “Uṭṭhethāvuso, amhākaṁ vihāro pāpuṇātī”ti.
“The dwelling is large. “Mahallako, āvuso, vihāro. You can stay here and so can we.” Tumhepi vasatha, mayampi vasissāmā”ti.
But they said, “Leave, this dwelling is ours,” and they grabbed them by the necks and threw them out in anger. “Uṭṭhethāvuso, amhākaṁ vihāro pāpuṇātī”ti kupitā anattamanā gīvāyaṁ gahetvā nikkaḍḍhanti.
The monks from the group of seventeen cried. Te nikkaḍḍhīyamānā rodanti. When other monks asked them why, Bhikkhū evamāhaṁsu—“kissa tumhe, āvuso, rodathā”ti? they told them what had happened. “Ime, āvuso, chabbaggiyā bhikkhū kupitā anattamanā amhe saṅghikā vihārā nikkaḍḍhantī”ti.
The monks of few desires complained and criticized them, Ye te bhikkhū appicchā …pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti—“How could the monks from the group of six angrily throw other monks out of a dwelling belonging to the Sangha?” “kathañhi nāma chabbaggiyā bhikkhū kupitā anattamanā bhikkhū saṅghikā vihārā nikkaḍḍhissantī”ti.
After rebuking those monks in many ways, they told the Buddha. Soon afterwards he had the Sangha gathered and questioned the monks: Atha kho te bhikkhū chabbaggiye bhikkhū anekapariyāyena vigarahitvā bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ …pe… “Is it true, monks, that you did this?” “saccaṁ kira tumhe, bhikkhave, kupitā anattamanā bhikkhū saṅghikā vihārā nikkaḍḍhathā”ti?
“It’s true, sir.” “Saccaṁ, bhagavā”ti.
The Buddha rebuked them … Vigarahi buddho bhagavā …pe… “Foolish men, how could you do this? kathañhi nāma tumhe, moghapurisā, kupitā anattamanā bhikkhū saṅghikā vihārā nikkaḍḍhissatha? This will affect people’s confidence …” … Netaṁ, moghapurisā, appasannānaṁ vā pasādāya …pe… “And, monks, this training rule should be recited like this: evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ uddiseyyātha—
Final ruling
‘If a monk, in anger, throws a monk out of a dwelling belonging to the Sangha, or has him thrown out, he commits an offense entailing confession.’” “Yo pana bhikkhu bhikkhuṁ kupito anattamano saṅghikā vihārā nikkaḍḍheyya vā nikkaḍḍhāpeyya vā, pācittiyan”ti.
Definitions
- A: Yo panāti
- whoever … yo yādiso …pe…
- Monk: bhikkhūti
- …The monk who has been given the full ordination by a unanimous Sangha through a legal procedure consisting of one motion and three announcements that is irreversible and fit to stand—this sort of monk is meant in this case. …pe… ayaṁ imasmiṁ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.
- A monk: Bhikkhunti
- another monk. aññaṁ bhikkhuṁ.
- In anger: Kupito anattamanoti
- discontent, having hatred, hostile. anabhiraddho āhatacitto khilajāto.
- A dwelling belonging to the Sangha: Saṅghiko nāma vihāro
- given to the Sangha, given up to the Sangha. saṅghassa dinno hoti pariccatto.
- Throws out: Nikkaḍḍheyyāti
- if he takes hold of him in a room and throws him out to the entryway, he commits an offense entailing confession. gabbhe gahetvā pamukhaṁ nikkaḍḍhati, āpatti pācittiyassa. If he takes hold of him in the entryway and throws him outside, he commits an offense entailing confession. Pamukhe gahetvā bahi nikkaḍḍhati, āpatti pācittiyassa. Even if he makes him go through many doors with a single effort, he commits one offense entailing confession. Ekena payogena bahukepi dvāre atikkāmeti, āpatti pācittiyassa.
- Has thrown out: Nikkaḍḍhāpeyyāti
- if he asks another, he commits an offense entailing confession. aññaṁ āṇāpeti, āpatti pācittiyassa. If he only asks once, then even if the other makes him go through many doors, he commits one offense entailing confession. Sakiṁ āṇatto bahukepi dvāre atikkāmeti, āpatti pācittiyassa.
Permutations
If it belongs to the Sangha, and he perceives it as such, and in anger he throws him out, or has him thrown out, he commits an offense entailing confession. Saṅghike saṅghikasaññī kupito anattamano nikkaḍḍhati vā nikkaḍḍhāpeti vā, āpatti pācittiyassa. If it belongs to the Sangha, but he is unsure of it, and in anger he throws him out, or has him thrown out, he commits an offense entailing confession. Saṅghike vematiko kupito anattamano nikkaḍḍhati vā nikkaḍḍhāpeti vā, āpatti pācittiyassa. If it belongs to the Sangha, but he perceives it as belonging to an individual, and in anger he throws him out, or has him thrown out, he commits an offense entailing confession. Saṅghike puggalikasaññī kupito anattamano nikkaḍḍhati vā nikkaḍḍhāpeti vā, āpatti pācittiyassa.
If he throws out one of his requisites, or he has it thrown out, he commits an offense of wrong conduct. Tassa parikkhāraṁ nikkaḍḍhati vā nikkaḍḍhāpeti vā, āpatti dukkaṭassa. If he throws him out, or has him thrown out, from the vicinity of a dwelling, from an assembly hall, from under a roof cover, from the foot of a tree, or from a space out in the open, he commits an offense of wrong conduct. Vihārassa upacārā vā upaṭṭhānasālāya vā maṇḍapā vā rukkhamūlā vā ajjhokāsā vā nikkaḍḍhati vā nikkaḍḍhāpeti vā, āpatti dukkaṭassa. If he throws out one of his requisites from any of these places, or he has it thrown out, he commits an offense of wrong conduct. Tassa parikkhāraṁ nikkaḍḍhati vā nikkaḍḍhāpeti vā, āpatti dukkaṭassa. If he throws out one who is not fully ordained, or has them thrown out, from a dwelling, from the vicinity of a dwelling, from an assembly hall, from under a roof cover, from the foot of a tree, or from a space out in the open, he commits an offense of wrong conduct. Anupasampannaṁ vihārā vā vihārassa upacārā vā upaṭṭhānasālāya vā maṇḍapā vā rukkhamūlā vā ajjhokāsā vā nikkaḍḍhati vā nikkaḍḍhāpeti vā, āpatti dukkaṭassa. If he throws out one of their requisites from any of these places, or has it thrown out, he commits an offense of wrong conduct. Tassa parikkhāraṁ nikkaḍḍhati vā nikkaḍḍhāpeti vā, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
If it belongs to an individual, but he perceives it as belonging to the Sangha, he commits an offense of wrong conduct. Puggalike saṅghikasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa. If it belongs to an individual, but he is unsure of it, he commits an offense of wrong conduct. Puggalike vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. If it belongs to an individual, and he perceives it as such, but that individual is not himself, he commits an offense of wrong conduct. Puggalike puggalikasaññī aññassa puggalike āpatti dukkaṭassa. If it belongs to himself, there is no offense. Attano puggalike anāpatti.
Non-offenses
There is no offense: Anāpatti—if he throws out one who is shameless, or has him thrown out; alajjiṁ nikkaḍḍhati vā nikkaḍḍhāpeti vā, if he throws out one of the requisites belonging to that person, or has them thrown out; tassa parikkhāraṁ nikkaḍḍhati vā nikkaḍḍhāpeti vā, if he throws out one who is insane, or has him thrown out; ummattakaṁ nikkaḍḍhati vā nikkaḍḍhāpeti vā, if he throws out one of the requisites belonging to that person, or has them thrown out; tassa parikkhāraṁ nikkaḍḍhati vā nikkaḍḍhāpeti vā, if he throws out one who is quarrelsome and argumentative, who creates legal issues in the Sangha, or has them thrown out; bhaṇḍanakārakaṁ kalahakārakaṁ vivādakārakaṁ bhassakārakaṁ saṅghe adhikaraṇakārakaṁ nikkaḍḍhati vā nikkaḍḍhāpeti vā, if he throws out one of the requisites belonging to that person, or has them thrown out; tassa parikkhāraṁ nikkaḍḍhati vā nikkaḍḍhāpeti vā, if he throws out a pupil or student who is not conducting himself properly, or has him thrown out; antevāsikaṁ vā saddhivihārikaṁ vā na sammā vattantaṁ nikkaḍḍhati vā nikkaḍḍhāpeti vā, if he throws out one of the requisites belonging to such a person, or has them thrown out; tassa parikkhāraṁ nikkaḍḍhati vā nikkaḍḍhāpeti vā, if he is insane; ummattakassa, if he is the first offender. ādikammikassāti.
The training rule on throwing out, the seventh, is finished. Nikkaḍḍhanasikkhāpadaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ sattamaṁ.