Theravāda Collection on Monastic Law Theravāda Vinaya
The Great Analysis Mahāvibhaṅga
The chapter on offenses entailing confession Pācittiyakaṇḍa
The subchapter on lying Musāvādavagga

1. The training rule on lying 1. Musāvādasikkhāpada

Homage to the Buddha, the Perfected One, the fully Awakened One Namo tassa Bhagavato Arahato Sammāsambuddhassa.

Venerables, these ninety-two rules on confession come up for recitation. Ime kho panāyasmanto dvenavuti pācittiyā dhammā uddesaṁ āgacchanti.

Hatthaka the Sakyan was beaten in debate. Tena kho pana samayena hatthako sakyaputto vādakkhitto hoti. While talking with the monastics of other religions, he would assert things after denying them, and he would deny things after asserting them. He evaded the issues, lied, and made sham appointments. So titthiyehi saddhiṁ sallapanto avajānitvā paṭijānāti, paṭijānitvā avajānāti, aññenaññaṁ paṭicarati, sampajānamusā bhāsati, saṅketaṁ katvā visaṁvādeti. The monastics of other religions complained and criticized him, “When Hatthaka talks with us, how can he assert things after denying them, deny things after asserting them, evade the issues, lie, and make sham appointments?” Titthiyā ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti—“kathañhi nāma hatthako sakyaputto amhehi saddhiṁ sallapanto avajānitvā paṭijānissati, paṭijānitvā avajānissati, aññenaññaṁ paṭicarissati, sampajānamusā bhāsissati, saṅketaṁ katvā visaṁvādessatī”ti.

The monks heard the complaints of those monastics of other religions. Assosuṁ kho bhikkhū tesaṁ titthiyānaṁ ujjhāyantānaṁ khiyyantānaṁ vipācentānaṁ. They then went to Hatthaka and said, Atha kho te bhikkhū yena hatthako sakyaputto tenupasaṅkamiṁsu; upasaṅkamitvā hatthakaṁ sakyaputtaṁ etadavocuṁ—“Is it true, Hatthaka, that you’re doing this?” “saccaṁ kira tvaṁ, āvuso hatthaka, titthiyehi saddhiṁ sallapanto avajānitvā paṭijānāsi, paṭijānitvā avajānāsi, aññenaññaṁ paṭicarasi, sampajānamusā bhāsasi, saṅketaṁ katvā visaṁvādesī”ti?

“These monastics of other religions should be beaten, whatever it takes! “Ete kho, āvuso, titthiyā nāma yena kenaci jetabbā; They shouldn’t be allowed to win.” neva tesaṁ jayo dātabbo”ti.

The monks of few desires complained and criticized him, Ye te bhikkhū appicchā …pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti—“When Hatthaka talks with the monastics of other religions, how can he assert things after denying them, deny things after asserting them, evade the issues, lie, and make sham appointments?” “kathañhi nāma hatthako sakyaputto titthiyehi saddhiṁ sallapanto avajānitvā paṭijānissati, paṭijānitvā avajānissati, aññenaññaṁ paṭicarissati, sampajānamusā bhāsissati, saṅketaṁ katvā visaṁvādessatī”ti.

After rebuking Hatthaka in many ways, they told the Buddha. Atha kho te bhikkhū hatthakaṁ sakyaputtaṁ anekapariyāyena vigarahitvā bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ. Soon afterwards the Buddha had the Sangha gathered and questioned Hatthaka: Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṁ nidāne etasmiṁ pakaraṇe bhikkhusaṅghaṁ sannipātāpetvā hatthakaṁ sakyaputtaṁ paṭipucchi—“Is it true, Hatthaka, that you’re doing this?” “saccaṁ kira tvaṁ, hatthaka, titthiyehi saddhiṁ sallapanto avajānitvā paṭijānāsi, paṭijānitvā avajānāsi, aññenaññaṁ paṭicarasi, sampajānamusā bhāsasi, saṅketaṁ katvā visaṁvādesī”ti?

“It’s true, sir.” “Saccaṁ, bhagavā”ti.

The Buddha rebuked him … Vigarahi buddho bhagavā …pe… “Foolish man, how can you do this? kathañhi nāma tvaṁ, moghapurisa, titthiyehi saddhiṁ sallapanto avajānitvā paṭijānissasi, paṭijānitvā avajānissasi, aññenaññaṁ paṭicarissasi, sampajānamusā bhāsissasi, saṅketaṁ katvā visaṁvādessasi. This will affect people’s confidence …” … Netaṁ, moghapurisa, appasannānaṁ vā pasādāya …pe… “And, monks, this training rule should be recited like this: evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ uddiseyyātha—

Final ruling

‘If a monk lies in full awareness, he commits an offense entailing confession.’” “Sampajānamusāvāde pācittiyan”ti.

Definitions

Lies in full awareness: Sampajānamusāvādo nāma: the speech of one who is aiming to deceive—his words, his way of speaking, his breaking into speech, his verbal expression, his eight kinds of ignoble speech: he says that he has seen what he has not seen; he says that he has heard what he has not heard; he says that he has sensed what he has not sensed; he says that he has mentally experienced what he has not mentally experienced; he says that he has not seen what he has seen; he says that he has not heard what he has heard; he says that he has not sensed what he has sensed; he says that he has not mentally experienced what he has mentally experienced. visaṁvādanapurekkhārassa vācā, girā, byappatho, vacībhedo, vācasikā viññatti, aṭṭha anariyavohārā—adiṭṭhaṁ diṭṭhaṁ meti, assutaṁ sutaṁ meti, amutaṁ mutaṁ meti, aviññātaṁ viññātaṁ meti, diṭṭhaṁ adiṭṭhaṁ meti, sutaṁ assutaṁ meti, mutaṁ amutaṁ meti, viññātaṁ aviññātaṁ meti.

Permutations

Definitions

Not seen: Adiṭṭhaṁ nāma: not seen with the eye. na cakkhunā diṭṭhaṁ.
Not heard: Assutaṁ nāma: not heard with the ear. na sotena sutaṁ.
Not sensed: Amutaṁ nāma: not smelled with the nose, not tasted with the tongue, not touched with the body. na ghānena ghāyitaṁ, na jivhāya sāyitaṁ, na kāyena phuṭṭhaṁ.
Not mentally experienced: Aviññātaṁ nāma: not mentally experienced with the mind. na manasā viññātaṁ.
Seen: Diṭṭhaṁ nāma: seen with the eye. cakkhunā diṭṭhaṁ.
Heard: Sutaṁ nāma: heard with the ear. sotena sutaṁ.
Sensed: Mutaṁ nāma: smelled with the nose, tasted with the tongue, touched with the body. ghānena ghāyitaṁ, jivhāya sāyitaṁ, kāyena phuṭṭhaṁ.
Mentally experienced: Viññātaṁ nāma: mentally experienced with the mind. manasā viññātaṁ.

Exposition

Falsely claiming to have experienced what he has not experienced: a single sense door

If he lies in full awareness, saying that he has seen what he has not seen, he commits an offense entailing confession when three conditions are fulfilled: Tīhākārehi “adiṭṭhaṁ diṭṭhaṁ me”ti sampajānamusā bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa—before he has lied, he knows he is going to lie; while lying, he knows he is lying; after he has lied, he knows he has lied. pubbevassa hoti “musā bhaṇissan”ti, bhaṇantassa hoti “musā bhaṇāmī”ti, bhaṇitassa hoti “musā mayā bhaṇitan”ti.

If he lies in full awareness, saying that he has seen what he has not seen, he commits an offense entailing confession when four conditions are fulfilled: Catūhākārehi “adiṭṭhaṁ diṭṭhaṁ me”ti sampajānamusā bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa—before he has lied, he knows he is going to lie; while lying, he knows he is lying; after he has lied, he knows he has lied; he misrepresents his view of what is true. pubbevassa hoti “musā bhaṇissan”ti, bhaṇantassa hoti “musā bhaṇāmī”ti, bhaṇitassa hoti “musā mayā bhaṇitan”ti, vinidhāya diṭṭhiṁ.

If he lies in full awareness, saying that he has seen what he has not seen, he commits an offense entailing confession when five conditions are fulfilled: Pañcahākārehi “adiṭṭhaṁ diṭṭhaṁ me”ti sampajānamusā bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa—before he has lied, he knows he is going to lie; while lying, he knows he is lying; after he has lied, he knows he has lied; he misrepresents his view of what is true; he misrepresents his belief of what is true. pubbevassa hoti “musā bhaṇissan”ti, bhaṇantassa hoti “musā bhaṇāmī”ti, bhaṇitassa hoti “musā mayā bhaṇitan”ti, vinidhāya diṭṭhiṁ, vinidhāya khantiṁ.

If he lies in full awareness, saying that he has seen what he has not seen, he commits an offense entailing confession when six conditions are fulfilled: Chahākārehi “adiṭṭhaṁ diṭṭhaṁ me”ti sampajānamusā bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa—before he has lied, he knows he is going to lie; while lying, he knows he is lying; after he has lied, he knows he has lied; he misrepresents his view of what is true; he misrepresents his belief of what is true; he misrepresents his acceptance of what is true. pubbevassa hoti “musā bhaṇissan”ti, bhaṇantassa hoti “musā bhaṇāmī”ti, bhaṇitassa hoti “musā mayā bhaṇitan”ti, vinidhāya diṭṭhiṁ, vinidhāya khantiṁ, vinidhāya ruciṁ.

If he lies in full awareness, saying that he has seen what he has not seen, he commits an offense entailing confession when seven conditions are fulfilled: Sattahākārehi “adiṭṭhaṁ diṭṭhaṁ me”ti sampajānamusā bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa—before he has lied, he knows he is going to lie; while lying, he knows he is lying; after he has lied, he knows he has lied; he misrepresents his view of what is true; he misrepresents his belief of what is true; he misrepresents his acceptance of what is true; he misrepresents his sentiment of what is true. pubbevassa hoti “musā bhaṇissan”ti, bhaṇantassa hoti “musā bhaṇāmī”ti, bhaṇitassa hoti “musā mayā bhaṇitan”ti, vinidhāya diṭṭhiṁ, vinidhāya khantiṁ, vinidhāya ruciṁ, vinidhāya bhāvaṁ.

If he lies in full awareness, saying that he says that he has heard what he has not heard … Tīhākārehi “assutaṁ sutaṁ me”ti …pe… saying that he has sensed what he has not sensed … amutaṁ mutaṁ meti …pe… saying that he has mentally experienced what he has not mentally experienced, he commits an offense entailing confession when three conditions are fulfilled: aviññātaṁ viññātaṁ meti sampajānamusā bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa—before he has lied, he knows he is going to lie; while lying, he knows he is lying; after he has lied, he knows he has lied. pubbevassa hoti “musā bhaṇissan”ti, bhaṇantassa hoti “musā bhaṇāmī”ti, bhaṇitassa hoti “musā mayā bhaṇitan”ti.

… when four conditions are fulfilled … Catūhākārehi …pe… when five conditions are fulfilled … pañcahākārehi …pe… when six conditions are fulfilled … chahākārehi …pe… If he lies in full awareness, saying that he has mentally experienced what he has not mentally experienced, he commits an offense entailing confession when seven conditions are fulfilled: sattahākārehi “aviññātaṁ viññātaṁ me”ti sampajānamusā bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa—before he has lied, he knows he is going to lie; while lying, he knows he is lying; after he has lied, he knows he has lied; he misrepresents his view of what is true; he misrepresents his belief of what is true; he misrepresents his acceptance of what is true; he misrepresents his sentiment of what is true. pubbevassa hoti “musā bhaṇissan”ti, bhaṇantassa hoti “musā bhaṇāmī”ti, bhaṇitassa hoti “musā mayā bhaṇitan”ti, vinidhāya diṭṭhiṁ, vinidhāya khantiṁ, vinidhāya ruciṁ, vinidhāya bhāvaṁ.

Falsely claiming to have experienced what he has not experienced: multiple sense doors

If he lies in full awareness, saying that he has seen and heard what he has not seen, he commits an offense entailing confession when three conditions are fulfilled … Tīhākārehi “adiṭṭhaṁ diṭṭhañca me sutañcā”ti sampajānamusā bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa …pe… If he lies in full awareness, saying that he has seen and sensed what he has not seen, he commits an offense entailing confession when three conditions are fulfilled … tīhākārehi “adiṭṭhaṁ diṭṭhañca me mutañcā”ti sampajānamusā bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa …pe… If he lies in full awareness, saying that he has seen and mentally experienced what he has not seen, he commits an offense entailing confession when three conditions are fulfilled … tīhākārehi “adiṭṭhaṁ diṭṭhañca me viññātañcā”ti sampajānamusā bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa …pe… If he lies in full awareness, saying that he has seen and heard and sensed what he has not seen, he commits an offense entailing confession when three conditions are fulfilled … tīhākārehi adiṭṭhaṁ “diṭṭhañca me sutañca mutañcā”ti …pe… If he lies in full awareness, saying that he has seen and heard and mentally experienced what he has not seen, he commits an offense entailing confession when three conditions are fulfilled … tīhākārehi adiṭṭhaṁ “diṭṭhañca me sutañca viññātañcā”ti …pe… If he lies in full awareness, saying that he has seen and heard and sensed and mentally experienced what he has not seen, he commits an offense entailing confession when three conditions are fulfilled … tīhākārehi adiṭṭhaṁ “diṭṭhañca me sutañca mutañca viññātañcā”ti sampajānamusā bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa …pe….

If he lies in full awareness, saying that he has heard and sensed what he has not heard, he commits an offense entailing confession when three conditions are fulfilled … Tīhākārehi assutaṁ “sutañca me mutañcā”ti …pe… If he lies in full awareness, saying that he has heard and mentally experienced what he has not heard, he commits an offense entailing confession when three conditions are fulfilled … tīhākārehi assutaṁ “sutañca me viññātañcā”ti …pe… If he lies in full awareness, saying that he has heard and seen what he has not heard, he commits an offense entailing confession when three conditions are fulfilled … tīhākārehi assutaṁ “sutañca me diṭṭhañcā”ti sampajānamusā bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa …pe… If he lies in full awareness, saying that he has heard and sensed and mentally experienced what he has not heard, he commits an offense entailing confession when three conditions are fulfilled … tīhākārehi assutaṁ “sutañca me mutañca viññātañcā”ti …pe… If he lies in full awareness, saying that he has heard and sensed and seen what he has not heard, he commits an offense entailing confession when three conditions are fulfilled … tīhākārehi assutaṁ “sutañca me mutañca diṭṭhañcā”ti …pe… If he lies in full awareness, saying that he has heard and sensed and mentally experienced and seen what he has not heard, he commits an offense entailing confession when three conditions are fulfilled … tīhākārehi assutaṁ “sutañca me mutañca viññātañca diṭṭhañcā”ti sampajānamusā bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa …pe…

If he lies in full awareness, saying that he has sensed and mentally experienced what he has not sensed, he commits an offense entailing confession when three conditions are fulfilled … Tīhākārehi amutaṁ “mutañca me viññātañcā”ti …pe… If he lies in full awareness, saying that he has sensed and seen what he has not sensed, he commits an offense entailing confession when three conditions are fulfilled … tīhākārehi amutaṁ “mutañca me diṭṭhañcā”ti …pe… If he lies in full awareness, saying that he has sensed and heard what he has not sensed, he commits an offense entailing confession when three conditions are fulfilled … tīhākārehi amutaṁ “mutañca me sutañcā”ti sampajānamusā bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa …pe… If he lies in full awareness, saying that he has sensed and mentally experienced and seen what he has not sensed, he commits an offense entailing confession when three conditions are fulfilled … tīhākārehi amutaṁ “mutañca me viññātañca diṭṭhañcā”ti …pe… If he lies in full awareness, saying that he has sensed and mentally experienced and heard what he has not sensed, he commits an offense entailing confession when three conditions are fulfilled … tīhākārehi amutaṁ “mutañca me viññātañca sutañcā”ti …pe… If he lies in full awareness, saying that he has sensed and mentally experienced and seen and heard what he has not sensed, he commits an offense entailing confession when three conditions are fulfilled … tīhākārehi amutaṁ “mutañca me viññātañca diṭṭhañca sutañcā”ti sampajānamusā bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa …pe…

If he lies in full awareness, saying that he has mentally experienced and seen what he has not mentally experienced, he commits an offense entailing confession when three conditions are fulfilled … Tīhākārehi aviññātaṁ “viññātañca me diṭṭhañcā”ti …pe… If he lies in full awareness, saying that he has mentally experienced and heard what he has not mentally experienced, he commits an offense entailing confession when three conditions are fulfilled … tīhākārehi aviññātaṁ “viññātañca me sutañcā”ti …pe… If he lies in full awareness, saying that he has mentally experienced and sensed what he has not mentally experienced, he commits an offense entailing confession when three conditions are fulfilled … tīhākārehi aviññātaṁ “viññātañca me mutañcā”ti sampajānamusā bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa …pe… If he lies in full awareness, saying that he has mentally experienced and seen and heard what he has not mentally experienced, he commits an offense entailing confession when three conditions are fulfilled … tīhākārehi aviññātaṁ “viññātañca me diṭṭhañca sutañcā”ti …pe… If he lies in full awareness, saying that he has mentally experienced and seen and sensed what he has not mentally experienced, he commits an offense entailing confession when three conditions are fulfilled … tīhākārehi aviññātaṁ “viññātañca me diṭṭhañca mutañcā”ti …pe… If he lies in full awareness, saying that he has mentally experienced and seen and heard and sensed what he has not mentally experienced, he commits an offense entailing confession when three conditions are fulfilled … tīhākārehi aviññātaṁ “viññātañca me diṭṭhañca sutañca mutañcā”ti sampajānamusā bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa …pe…

Falsely claiming not to have experienced what he has experienced

If he lies in full awareness, saying that he has not seen what he has seen, he commits an offense entailing confession when three conditions are fulfilled … Tīhākārehi diṭṭhaṁ “adiṭṭhaṁ me”ti …pe… saying that he has not heard what he has heard … sutaṁ “assutaṁ me”ti …pe… saying that he has not sensed what he has sensed … mutaṁ “amutaṁ me”ti …pe… saying that he has not mentally experienced what he has mentally experienced, he commits an offense entailing confession when three conditions are fulfilled … viññātaṁ “aviññātaṁ me”ti sampajānamusā bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa …pe…

Falsely claiming to have experienced with one sense what he has experienced with another

If he lies in full awareness, saying that he has heard what he has seen, he commits an offense entailing confession when three conditions are fulfilled … Tīhākārehi diṭṭhaṁ “sutaṁ me”ti …pe… saying that he has sensed what he has seen … tīhākārehi diṭṭhaṁ “mutaṁ me”ti …pe… saying that he has mentally experienced what he has seen, he commits an offense entailing confession when three conditions are fulfilled … tīhākārehi diṭṭhaṁ “viññātaṁ me”ti sampajānamusā bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa …pe… If he lies in full awareness, saying that he has heard and sensed what he has seen, he commits an offense entailing confession when three conditions are fulfilled … tīhākārehi diṭṭhaṁ “sutañca me mutañcā”ti …pe… saying that he has heard and mentally experienced what he has seen … tīhākārehi diṭṭhaṁ “sutañca me viññātañcā”ti …pe… saying that he has heard and sensed and mentally experienced what he seen, he commits an offense entailing confession when three conditions are fulfilled … tīhākārehi diṭṭhaṁ “sutañca me mutañca viññātañcā”ti sampajānamusā bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa …pe…

If he lies in full awareness, saying that he has sensed what he has heard, he commits an offense entailing confession when three conditions are fulfilled … Tīhākārehi sutaṁ “mutaṁ me”ti …pe… saying that he has mentally experienced what he has heard … tīhākārehi sutaṁ “viññātaṁ me”ti …pe… saying that he has seen what he has heard, he commits an offense entailing confession when three conditions are fulfilled … tīhākārehi sutaṁ “diṭṭhaṁ me”ti sampajānamusā bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa …pe… If he lies in full awareness, saying that he has sensed and mentally experienced what he has heard, he commits an offense entailing confession when three conditions are fulfilled … tīhākārehi sutaṁ “mutañca me viññātañcā”ti …pe… saying that he has sensed and seen what he has heard … tīhākārehi sutaṁ “mutañca me diṭṭhañcā”ti …pe… saying that he has sensed and mentally experienced and seen what he heard, he commits an offense entailing confession when three conditions are fulfilled … tīhākārehi sutaṁ “mutañca me viññātañca diṭṭhañcā”ti sampajānamusā bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa …pe….

If he lies in full awareness, saying that he has mentally experienced what he has sensed, he commits an offense entailing confession when three conditions are fulfilled … Tīhākārehi mutaṁ “viññātaṁ me”ti …pe… saying that he has seen what he has sensed … tīhākārehi mutaṁ “diṭṭhaṁ me”ti …pe… saying that he has heard what he has sensed, he commits an offense entailing confession when three conditions are fulfilled … tīhākārehi mutaṁ “sutaṁ me”ti sampajānamusā bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa …pe… If he lies in full awareness, saying that he has mentally experienced and seen what he has sensed, he commits an offense entailing confession when three conditions are fulfilled … tīhākārehi mutaṁ “viññātañca me diṭṭhañcā”ti …pe… saying that he has mentally experienced and heard what he has sensed … tīhākārehi mutaṁ “viññātañca me sutañcā”ti …pe… saying that he has mentally experienced and seen and heard what he sensed, he commits an offense entailing confession when three conditions are fulfilled … tīhākārehi mutaṁ “viññātañca me diṭṭhañca sutañcā”ti sampajānamusā bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa …pe….

If he lies in full awareness, saying that he has seen what he has mentally experienced, he commits an offense entailing confession when three conditions are fulfilled … Tīhākārehi viññātaṁ “diṭṭhaṁ me”ti …pe… saying that he has heard what he has mentally experienced … tīhākārehi viññātaṁ “sutaṁ me”ti …pe… saying that he has sensed what he has mentally experienced, he commits an offense entailing confession when three conditions are fulfilled … tīhākārehi viññātaṁ “mutaṁ me”ti sampajānamusā bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa …pe… If he lies in full awareness, saying that he has seen and heard what he has mentally experienced, he commits an offense entailing confession when three conditions are fulfilled … tīhākārehi viññātaṁ “diṭṭhañca me sutañcā”ti …pe… saying that he has seen and sensed what he has mentally experienced … tīhākārehi viññātaṁ “diṭṭhañca me mutañcā”ti …pe… saying that he has seen and heard and sensed what he mentally experienced, he commits an offense entailing confession when three conditions are fulfilled … tīhākārehi viññātaṁ “diṭṭhañca me sutañca mutañcā”ti sampajānamusā bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa …pe….

Making claims while having doubts

If he is unsure of what he has seen, has doubts about what he has seen, does not remember what he has seen, is confused about what he has seen … Tīhākārehi diṭṭhe vematiko diṭṭhaṁ nokappeti, diṭṭhaṁ nassarati, diṭṭhaṁ pamuṭṭho hoti …pe… If he is unsure of what he has heard, has doubts about what he has heard, does not remember what he has heard, is confused about what he has heard … sute vematiko sutaṁ nokappeti, sutaṁ nassarati, sutaṁ pamuṭṭho hoti …pe… If he is unsure of what he has sensed, has doubts about what he has sensed, does not remember what he has sensed, is confused about what he has sensed … mute vematiko mutaṁ nokappeti, mutaṁ nassarati, mutaṁ pamuṭṭho hoti …pe… If he is unsure of what he has mentally experienced, has doubts about what he has mentally experienced, does not remember what he has mentally experienced, is confused about what he has mentally experienced, but he lies in full awareness, saying that he has mentally experienced and seen … viññāte vematiko viññātaṁ nokappeti, viññātaṁ nassarati, viññātaṁ pamuṭṭho hoti … viññātañca me diṭṭhañcāti …pe… is confused about what he has mentally experienced, but he lies in full awareness, saying that he has mentally experienced and heard … viññātaṁ pamuṭṭho hoti … viññātañca me sutañcāti …pe… is confused about what he has mentally experienced, but he lies in full awareness, saying that he has mentally experienced and sensed … viññātaṁ pamuṭṭho hoti; viññātañca me mutañcāti …pe… is confused about what he has mentally experienced, but he lies in full awareness, saying that he has mentally experienced and seen and heard … viññātaṁ pamuṭṭho hoti; viññātañca me diṭṭhañca sutañcāti …pe… is confused about what he has mentally experienced, but he lies in full awareness, saying that he has mentally experienced and seen and sensed … viññātaṁ pamuṭṭho hoti; viññātañca me diṭṭhañca mutañcāti …pe… is confused about what he has mentally experienced, but he lies in full awareness, saying that he has mentally experienced and seen and heard and sensed, he commits an offense entailing confession when three conditions are fulfilled … viññātaṁ pamuṭṭho hoti; viññātañca me diṭṭhañca sutañca mutañcāti sampajānamusā bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa.

when four conditions are fulfilled … Catūhākārehi …pe… when five conditions are fulfilled … pañcahākārehi …pe… when six conditions are fulfilled … chahākārehi …pe… is confused about what he has mentally experienced, but he lies in full awareness, saying that he has mentally experienced and seen and heard and sensed, he commits an offense entailing confession when seven conditions are fulfilled: sattahākārehi …pe… viññātaṁ pamuṭṭho hoti, viññātañca me diṭṭhañca sutañca mutañcāti sampajānamusā bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa—before he has lied, he knows he is going to lie; while lying, he knows he is lying; after he has lied, he knows he has lied; he misrepresents his view of what is true; he misrepresents his belief of what is true; he misrepresents his acceptance of what is true; he misrepresents his sentiment of what is true. pubbevassa hoti “musā bhaṇissan”ti, bhaṇantassa hoti “musā bhaṇāmī”ti, bhaṇitassa hoti “musā mayā bhaṇitan”ti, vinidhāya diṭṭhiṁ, vinidhāya khantiṁ, vinidhāya ruciṁ, vinidhāya bhāvaṁ.

Non-offenses

There is no offense: Anāpatti—if he speaks playfully; davā bhaṇati, if he speaks too fast; ravā bhaṇati.

(Speaks playfully means: “Davā bhaṇati nāma: speaking quickly. sahasā bhaṇati.
Speaks too fast means: Ravā bhaṇati nāma: meaning to say one thing, he says something else.) ‘aññaṁ bhaṇissāmī’ti aññaṁ bhaṇati”.

if he is insane; Ummattakassa, if he is the first offender. ādikammikassāti.

The training rule on lying, the first, is finished. Musāvādasikkhāpadaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ paṭhamaṁ.

English Translation

Pāli Text

Theravāda Collection on Monastic Law
The Great Analysis
The chapter on offenses entailing confession
The subchapter on lying

1. The training rule on lying

Homage to the Buddha, the Perfected One, the fully Awakened One

Venerables, these ninety-two rules on confession come up for recitation.

Hatthaka the Sakyan was beaten in debate. While talking with the monastics of other religions, he would assert things after denying them, and he would deny things after asserting them. He evaded the issues, lied, and made sham appointments. The monastics of other religions complained and criticized him, “When Hatthaka talks with us, how can he assert things after denying them, deny things after asserting them, evade the issues, lie, and make sham appointments?”

The monks heard the complaints of those monastics of other religions. They then went to Hatthaka and said, “Is it true, Hatthaka, that you’re doing this?”

“These monastics of other religions should be beaten, whatever it takes! They shouldn’t be allowed to win.”

The monks of few desires complained and criticized him, “When Hatthaka talks with the monastics of other religions, how can he assert things after denying them, deny things after asserting them, evade the issues, lie, and make sham appointments?”

After rebuking Hatthaka in many ways, they told the Buddha. Soon afterwards the Buddha had the Sangha gathered and questioned Hatthaka: “Is it true, Hatthaka, that you’re doing this?”

“It’s true, sir.”

The Buddha rebuked him … “Foolish man, how can you do this? This will affect people’s confidence …” … “And, monks, this training rule should be recited like this:

Final ruling

‘If a monk lies in full awareness, he commits an offense entailing confession.’”

Definitions

Lies in full awareness:: the speech of one who is aiming to deceive—his words, his way of speaking, his breaking into speech, his verbal expression, his eight kinds of ignoble speech: he says that he has seen what he has not seen; he says that he has heard what he has not heard; he says that he has sensed what he has not sensed; he says that he has mentally experienced what he has not mentally experienced; he says that he has not seen what he has seen; he says that he has not heard what he has heard; he says that he has not sensed what he has sensed; he says that he has not mentally experienced what he has mentally experienced.

Permutations

Definitions

Not seen:: not seen with the eye.
Not heard:: not heard with the ear.
Not sensed:: not smelled with the nose, not tasted with the tongue, not touched with the body.
Not mentally experienced:: not mentally experienced with the mind.
Seen:: seen with the eye.
Heard:: heard with the ear.
Sensed:: smelled with the nose, tasted with the tongue, touched with the body.
Mentally experienced:: mentally experienced with the mind.

Exposition

Falsely claiming to have experienced what he has not experienced: a single sense door

If he lies in full awareness, saying that he has seen what he has not seen, he commits an offense entailing confession when three conditions are fulfilled: before he has lied, he knows he is going to lie; while lying, he knows he is lying; after he has lied, he knows he has lied.

If he lies in full awareness, saying that he has seen what he has not seen, he commits an offense entailing confession when four conditions are fulfilled: before he has lied, he knows he is going to lie; while lying, he knows he is lying; after he has lied, he knows he has lied; he misrepresents his view of what is true.

If he lies in full awareness, saying that he has seen what he has not seen, he commits an offense entailing confession when five conditions are fulfilled: before he has lied, he knows he is going to lie; while lying, he knows he is lying; after he has lied, he knows he has lied; he misrepresents his view of what is true; he misrepresents his belief of what is true.

If he lies in full awareness, saying that he has seen what he has not seen, he commits an offense entailing confession when six conditions are fulfilled: before he has lied, he knows he is going to lie; while lying, he knows he is lying; after he has lied, he knows he has lied; he misrepresents his view of what is true; he misrepresents his belief of what is true; he misrepresents his acceptance of what is true.

If he lies in full awareness, saying that he has seen what he has not seen, he commits an offense entailing confession when seven conditions are fulfilled: before he has lied, he knows he is going to lie; while lying, he knows he is lying; after he has lied, he knows he has lied; he misrepresents his view of what is true; he misrepresents his belief of what is true; he misrepresents his acceptance of what is true; he misrepresents his sentiment of what is true.

If he lies in full awareness, saying that he says that he has heard what he has not heard … saying that he has sensed what he has not sensed … saying that he has mentally experienced what he has not mentally experienced, he commits an offense entailing confession when three conditions are fulfilled: before he has lied, he knows he is going to lie; while lying, he knows he is lying; after he has lied, he knows he has lied.

… when four conditions are fulfilled … when five conditions are fulfilled … when six conditions are fulfilled … If he lies in full awareness, saying that he has mentally experienced what he has not mentally experienced, he commits an offense entailing confession when seven conditions are fulfilled: before he has lied, he knows he is going to lie; while lying, he knows he is lying; after he has lied, he knows he has lied; he misrepresents his view of what is true; he misrepresents his belief of what is true; he misrepresents his acceptance of what is true; he misrepresents his sentiment of what is true.

Falsely claiming to have experienced what he has not experienced: multiple sense doors

If he lies in full awareness, saying that he has seen and heard what he has not seen, he commits an offense entailing confession when three conditions are fulfilled … If he lies in full awareness, saying that he has seen and sensed what he has not seen, he commits an offense entailing confession when three conditions are fulfilled … If he lies in full awareness, saying that he has seen and mentally experienced what he has not seen, he commits an offense entailing confession when three conditions are fulfilled … If he lies in full awareness, saying that he has seen and heard and sensed what he has not seen, he commits an offense entailing confession when three conditions are fulfilled … If he lies in full awareness, saying that he has seen and heard and mentally experienced what he has not seen, he commits an offense entailing confession when three conditions are fulfilled … If he lies in full awareness, saying that he has seen and heard and sensed and mentally experienced what he has not seen, he commits an offense entailing confession when three conditions are fulfilled …

If he lies in full awareness, saying that he has heard and sensed what he has not heard, he commits an offense entailing confession when three conditions are fulfilled … If he lies in full awareness, saying that he has heard and mentally experienced what he has not heard, he commits an offense entailing confession when three conditions are fulfilled … If he lies in full awareness, saying that he has heard and seen what he has not heard, he commits an offense entailing confession when three conditions are fulfilled … If he lies in full awareness, saying that he has heard and sensed and mentally experienced what he has not heard, he commits an offense entailing confession when three conditions are fulfilled … If he lies in full awareness, saying that he has heard and sensed and seen what he has not heard, he commits an offense entailing confession when three conditions are fulfilled … If he lies in full awareness, saying that he has heard and sensed and mentally experienced and seen what he has not heard, he commits an offense entailing confession when three conditions are fulfilled …

If he lies in full awareness, saying that he has sensed and mentally experienced what he has not sensed, he commits an offense entailing confession when three conditions are fulfilled … If he lies in full awareness, saying that he has sensed and seen what he has not sensed, he commits an offense entailing confession when three conditions are fulfilled … If he lies in full awareness, saying that he has sensed and heard what he has not sensed, he commits an offense entailing confession when three conditions are fulfilled … If he lies in full awareness, saying that he has sensed and mentally experienced and seen what he has not sensed, he commits an offense entailing confession when three conditions are fulfilled … If he lies in full awareness, saying that he has sensed and mentally experienced and heard what he has not sensed, he commits an offense entailing confession when three conditions are fulfilled … If he lies in full awareness, saying that he has sensed and mentally experienced and seen and heard what he has not sensed, he commits an offense entailing confession when three conditions are fulfilled …

If he lies in full awareness, saying that he has mentally experienced and seen what he has not mentally experienced, he commits an offense entailing confession when three conditions are fulfilled … If he lies in full awareness, saying that he has mentally experienced and heard what he has not mentally experienced, he commits an offense entailing confession when three conditions are fulfilled … If he lies in full awareness, saying that he has mentally experienced and sensed what he has not mentally experienced, he commits an offense entailing confession when three conditions are fulfilled … If he lies in full awareness, saying that he has mentally experienced and seen and heard what he has not mentally experienced, he commits an offense entailing confession when three conditions are fulfilled … If he lies in full awareness, saying that he has mentally experienced and seen and sensed what he has not mentally experienced, he commits an offense entailing confession when three conditions are fulfilled … If he lies in full awareness, saying that he has mentally experienced and seen and heard and sensed what he has not mentally experienced, he commits an offense entailing confession when three conditions are fulfilled …

Falsely claiming not to have experienced what he has experienced

If he lies in full awareness, saying that he has not seen what he has seen, he commits an offense entailing confession when three conditions are fulfilled … saying that he has not heard what he has heard … saying that he has not sensed what he has sensed … saying that he has not mentally experienced what he has mentally experienced, he commits an offense entailing confession when three conditions are fulfilled …

Falsely claiming to have experienced with one sense what he has experienced with another

If he lies in full awareness, saying that he has heard what he has seen, he commits an offense entailing confession when three conditions are fulfilled … saying that he has sensed what he has seen … saying that he has mentally experienced what he has seen, he commits an offense entailing confession when three conditions are fulfilled … If he lies in full awareness, saying that he has heard and sensed what he has seen, he commits an offense entailing confession when three conditions are fulfilled … saying that he has heard and mentally experienced what he has seen … saying that he has heard and sensed and mentally experienced what he seen, he commits an offense entailing confession when three conditions are fulfilled …

If he lies in full awareness, saying that he has sensed what he has heard, he commits an offense entailing confession when three conditions are fulfilled … saying that he has mentally experienced what he has heard … saying that he has seen what he has heard, he commits an offense entailing confession when three conditions are fulfilled … If he lies in full awareness, saying that he has sensed and mentally experienced what he has heard, he commits an offense entailing confession when three conditions are fulfilled … saying that he has sensed and seen what he has heard … saying that he has sensed and mentally experienced and seen what he heard, he commits an offense entailing confession when three conditions are fulfilled …

If he lies in full awareness, saying that he has mentally experienced what he has sensed, he commits an offense entailing confession when three conditions are fulfilled … saying that he has seen what he has sensed … saying that he has heard what he has sensed, he commits an offense entailing confession when three conditions are fulfilled … If he lies in full awareness, saying that he has mentally experienced and seen what he has sensed, he commits an offense entailing confession when three conditions are fulfilled … saying that he has mentally experienced and heard what he has sensed … saying that he has mentally experienced and seen and heard what he sensed, he commits an offense entailing confession when three conditions are fulfilled …

If he lies in full awareness, saying that he has seen what he has mentally experienced, he commits an offense entailing confession when three conditions are fulfilled … saying that he has heard what he has mentally experienced … saying that he has sensed what he has mentally experienced, he commits an offense entailing confession when three conditions are fulfilled … If he lies in full awareness, saying that he has seen and heard what he has mentally experienced, he commits an offense entailing confession when three conditions are fulfilled … saying that he has seen and sensed what he has mentally experienced … saying that he has seen and heard and sensed what he mentally experienced, he commits an offense entailing confession when three conditions are fulfilled …

Making claims while having doubts

If he is unsure of what he has seen, has doubts about what he has seen, does not remember what he has seen, is confused about what he has seen … If he is unsure of what he has heard, has doubts about what he has heard, does not remember what he has heard, is confused about what he has heard … If he is unsure of what he has sensed, has doubts about what he has sensed, does not remember what he has sensed, is confused about what he has sensed … If he is unsure of what he has mentally experienced, has doubts about what he has mentally experienced, does not remember what he has mentally experienced, is confused about what he has mentally experienced, but he lies in full awareness, saying that he has mentally experienced and seen … is confused about what he has mentally experienced, but he lies in full awareness, saying that he has mentally experienced and heard … is confused about what he has mentally experienced, but he lies in full awareness, saying that he has mentally experienced and sensed … is confused about what he has mentally experienced, but he lies in full awareness, saying that he has mentally experienced and seen and heard … is confused about what he has mentally experienced, but he lies in full awareness, saying that he has mentally experienced and seen and sensed … is confused about what he has mentally experienced, but he lies in full awareness, saying that he has mentally experienced and seen and heard and sensed, he commits an offense entailing confession when three conditions are fulfilled …

when four conditions are fulfilled … when five conditions are fulfilled … when six conditions are fulfilled … is confused about what he has mentally experienced, but he lies in full awareness, saying that he has mentally experienced and seen and heard and sensed, he commits an offense entailing confession when seven conditions are fulfilled: before he has lied, he knows he is going to lie; while lying, he knows he is lying; after he has lied, he knows he has lied; he misrepresents his view of what is true; he misrepresents his belief of what is true; he misrepresents his acceptance of what is true; he misrepresents his sentiment of what is true.

Non-offenses

There is no offense: if he speaks playfully; if he speaks too fast;

(Speaks playfully means:: speaking quickly.
Speaks too fast means:: meaning to say one thing, he says something else.)

if he is insane; if he is the first offender.

The training rule on lying, the first, is finished.

Theravāda Vinaya
Mahāvibhaṅga
Pācittiyakaṇḍa
Musāvādavagga

1. Musāvādasikkhāpada

Namo tassa Bhagavato Arahato Sammāsambuddhassa.

Ime kho panāyasmanto dvenavuti pācittiyā dhammā uddesaṁ āgacchanti.

Tena kho pana samayena hatthako sakyaputto vādakkhitto hoti. So titthiyehi saddhiṁ sallapanto avajānitvā paṭijānāti, paṭijānitvā avajānāti, aññenaññaṁ paṭicarati, sampajānamusā bhāsati, saṅketaṁ katvā visaṁvādeti. Titthiyā ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti—“kathañhi nāma hatthako sakyaputto amhehi saddhiṁ sallapanto avajānitvā paṭijānissati, paṭijānitvā avajānissati, aññenaññaṁ paṭicarissati, sampajānamusā bhāsissati, saṅketaṁ katvā visaṁvādessatī”ti.

Assosuṁ kho bhikkhū tesaṁ titthiyānaṁ ujjhāyantānaṁ khiyyantānaṁ vipācentānaṁ. Atha kho te bhikkhū yena hatthako sakyaputto tenupasaṅkamiṁsu; upasaṅkamitvā hatthakaṁ sakyaputtaṁ etadavocuṁ—“saccaṁ kira tvaṁ, āvuso hatthaka, titthiyehi saddhiṁ sallapanto avajānitvā paṭijānāsi, paṭijānitvā avajānāsi, aññenaññaṁ paṭicarasi, sampajānamusā bhāsasi, saṅketaṁ katvā visaṁvādesī”ti?

“Ete kho, āvuso, titthiyā nāma yena kenaci jetabbā; neva tesaṁ jayo dātabbo”ti.

Ye te bhikkhū appicchā …pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti—“kathañhi nāma hatthako sakyaputto titthiyehi saddhiṁ sallapanto avajānitvā paṭijānissati, paṭijānitvā avajānissati, aññenaññaṁ paṭicarissati, sampajānamusā bhāsissati, saṅketaṁ katvā visaṁvādessatī”ti.

Atha kho te bhikkhū hatthakaṁ sakyaputtaṁ anekapariyāyena vigarahitvā bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ. Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṁ nidāne etasmiṁ pakaraṇe bhikkhusaṅghaṁ sannipātāpetvā hatthakaṁ sakyaputtaṁ paṭipucchi—“saccaṁ kira tvaṁ, hatthaka, titthiyehi saddhiṁ sallapanto avajānitvā paṭijānāsi, paṭijānitvā avajānāsi, aññenaññaṁ paṭicarasi, sampajānamusā bhāsasi, saṅketaṁ katvā visaṁvādesī”ti?

“Saccaṁ, bhagavā”ti.

Vigarahi buddho bhagavā …pe… kathañhi nāma tvaṁ, moghapurisa, titthiyehi saddhiṁ sallapanto avajānitvā paṭijānissasi, paṭijānitvā avajānissasi, aññenaññaṁ paṭicarissasi, sampajānamusā bhāsissasi, saṅketaṁ katvā visaṁvādessasi. Netaṁ, moghapurisa, appasannānaṁ vā pasādāya …pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ uddiseyyātha—

“Sampajānamusāvāde pācittiyan”ti.

Sampajānamusāvādo nāma: visaṁvādanapurekkhārassa vācā, girā, byappatho, vacībhedo, vācasikā viññatti, aṭṭha anariyavohārā—adiṭṭhaṁ diṭṭhaṁ meti, assutaṁ sutaṁ meti, amutaṁ mutaṁ meti, aviññātaṁ viññātaṁ meti, diṭṭhaṁ adiṭṭhaṁ meti, sutaṁ assutaṁ meti, mutaṁ amutaṁ meti, viññātaṁ aviññātaṁ meti.

Adiṭṭhaṁ nāma: na cakkhunā diṭṭhaṁ.
Assutaṁ nāma: na sotena sutaṁ.
Amutaṁ nāma: na ghānena ghāyitaṁ, na jivhāya sāyitaṁ, na kāyena phuṭṭhaṁ.
Aviññātaṁ nāma: na manasā viññātaṁ.
Diṭṭhaṁ nāma: cakkhunā diṭṭhaṁ.
Sutaṁ nāma: sotena sutaṁ.
Mutaṁ nāma: ghānena ghāyitaṁ, jivhāya sāyitaṁ, kāyena phuṭṭhaṁ.
Viññātaṁ nāma: manasā viññātaṁ.

Tīhākārehi “adiṭṭhaṁ diṭṭhaṁ me”ti sampajānamusā bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa—pubbevassa hoti “musā bhaṇissan”ti, bhaṇantassa hoti “musā bhaṇāmī”ti, bhaṇitassa hoti “musā mayā bhaṇitan”ti.

Catūhākārehi “adiṭṭhaṁ diṭṭhaṁ me”ti sampajānamusā bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa—pubbevassa hoti “musā bhaṇissan”ti, bhaṇantassa hoti “musā bhaṇāmī”ti, bhaṇitassa hoti “musā mayā bhaṇitan”ti, vinidhāya diṭṭhiṁ.

Pañcahākārehi “adiṭṭhaṁ diṭṭhaṁ me”ti sampajānamusā bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa—pubbevassa hoti “musā bhaṇissan”ti, bhaṇantassa hoti “musā bhaṇāmī”ti, bhaṇitassa hoti “musā mayā bhaṇitan”ti, vinidhāya diṭṭhiṁ, vinidhāya khantiṁ.

Chahākārehi “adiṭṭhaṁ diṭṭhaṁ me”ti sampajānamusā bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa—pubbevassa hoti “musā bhaṇissan”ti, bhaṇantassa hoti “musā bhaṇāmī”ti, bhaṇitassa hoti “musā mayā bhaṇitan”ti, vinidhāya diṭṭhiṁ, vinidhāya khantiṁ, vinidhāya ruciṁ.

Sattahākārehi “adiṭṭhaṁ diṭṭhaṁ me”ti sampajānamusā bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa—pubbevassa hoti “musā bhaṇissan”ti, bhaṇantassa hoti “musā bhaṇāmī”ti, bhaṇitassa hoti “musā mayā bhaṇitan”ti, vinidhāya diṭṭhiṁ, vinidhāya khantiṁ, vinidhāya ruciṁ, vinidhāya bhāvaṁ.

Tīhākārehi “assutaṁ sutaṁ me”ti …pe… amutaṁ mutaṁ meti …pe… aviññātaṁ viññātaṁ meti sampajānamusā bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa—pubbevassa hoti “musā bhaṇissan”ti, bhaṇantassa hoti “musā bhaṇāmī”ti, bhaṇitassa hoti “musā mayā bhaṇitan”ti.

Catūhākārehi …pe… pañcahākārehi …pe… chahākārehi …pe… sattahākārehi “aviññātaṁ viññātaṁ me”ti sampajānamusā bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa—pubbevassa hoti “musā bhaṇissan”ti, bhaṇantassa hoti “musā bhaṇāmī”ti, bhaṇitassa hoti “musā mayā bhaṇitan”ti, vinidhāya diṭṭhiṁ, vinidhāya khantiṁ, vinidhāya ruciṁ, vinidhāya bhāvaṁ.

Tīhākārehi “adiṭṭhaṁ diṭṭhañca me sutañcā”ti sampajānamusā bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa …pe… tīhākārehi “adiṭṭhaṁ diṭṭhañca me mutañcā”ti sampajānamusā bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa …pe… tīhākārehi “adiṭṭhaṁ diṭṭhañca me viññātañcā”ti sampajānamusā bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa …pe… tīhākārehi adiṭṭhaṁ “diṭṭhañca me sutañca mutañcā”ti …pe… tīhākārehi adiṭṭhaṁ “diṭṭhañca me sutañca viññātañcā”ti …pe… tīhākārehi adiṭṭhaṁ “diṭṭhañca me sutañca mutañca viññātañcā”ti sampajānamusā bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa …pe….

Tīhākārehi assutaṁ “sutañca me mutañcā”ti …pe… tīhākārehi assutaṁ “sutañca me viññātañcā”ti …pe… tīhākārehi assutaṁ “sutañca me diṭṭhañcā”ti sampajānamusā bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa …pe… tīhākārehi assutaṁ “sutañca me mutañca viññātañcā”ti …pe… tīhākārehi assutaṁ “sutañca me mutañca diṭṭhañcā”ti …pe… tīhākārehi assutaṁ “sutañca me mutañca viññātañca diṭṭhañcā”ti sampajānamusā bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa …pe…

Tīhākārehi amutaṁ “mutañca me viññātañcā”ti …pe… tīhākārehi amutaṁ “mutañca me diṭṭhañcā”ti …pe… tīhākārehi amutaṁ “mutañca me sutañcā”ti sampajānamusā bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa …pe… tīhākārehi amutaṁ “mutañca me viññātañca diṭṭhañcā”ti …pe… tīhākārehi amutaṁ “mutañca me viññātañca sutañcā”ti …pe… tīhākārehi amutaṁ “mutañca me viññātañca diṭṭhañca sutañcā”ti sampajānamusā bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa …pe…

Tīhākārehi aviññātaṁ “viññātañca me diṭṭhañcā”ti …pe… tīhākārehi aviññātaṁ “viññātañca me sutañcā”ti …pe… tīhākārehi aviññātaṁ “viññātañca me mutañcā”ti sampajānamusā bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa …pe… tīhākārehi aviññātaṁ “viññātañca me diṭṭhañca sutañcā”ti …pe… tīhākārehi aviññātaṁ “viññātañca me diṭṭhañca mutañcā”ti …pe… tīhākārehi aviññātaṁ “viññātañca me diṭṭhañca sutañca mutañcā”ti sampajānamusā bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa …pe…

Tīhākārehi diṭṭhaṁ “adiṭṭhaṁ me”ti …pe… sutaṁ “assutaṁ me”ti …pe… mutaṁ “amutaṁ me”ti …pe… viññātaṁ “aviññātaṁ me”ti sampajānamusā bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa …pe…

Tīhākārehi diṭṭhaṁ “sutaṁ me”ti …pe… tīhākārehi diṭṭhaṁ “mutaṁ me”ti …pe… tīhākārehi diṭṭhaṁ “viññātaṁ me”ti sampajānamusā bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa …pe… tīhākārehi diṭṭhaṁ “sutañca me mutañcā”ti …pe… tīhākārehi diṭṭhaṁ “sutañca me viññātañcā”ti …pe… tīhākārehi diṭṭhaṁ “sutañca me mutañca viññātañcā”ti sampajānamusā bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa …pe…

Tīhākārehi sutaṁ “mutaṁ me”ti …pe… tīhākārehi sutaṁ “viññātaṁ me”ti …pe… tīhākārehi sutaṁ “diṭṭhaṁ me”ti sampajānamusā bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa …pe… tīhākārehi sutaṁ “mutañca me viññātañcā”ti …pe… tīhākārehi sutaṁ “mutañca me diṭṭhañcā”ti …pe… tīhākārehi sutaṁ “mutañca me viññātañca diṭṭhañcā”ti sampajānamusā bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa …pe….

Tīhākārehi mutaṁ “viññātaṁ me”ti …pe… tīhākārehi mutaṁ “diṭṭhaṁ me”ti …pe… tīhākārehi mutaṁ “sutaṁ me”ti sampajānamusā bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa …pe… tīhākārehi mutaṁ “viññātañca me diṭṭhañcā”ti …pe… tīhākārehi mutaṁ “viññātañca me sutañcā”ti …pe… tīhākārehi mutaṁ “viññātañca me diṭṭhañca sutañcā”ti sampajānamusā bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa …pe….

Tīhākārehi viññātaṁ “diṭṭhaṁ me”ti …pe… tīhākārehi viññātaṁ “sutaṁ me”ti …pe… tīhākārehi viññātaṁ “mutaṁ me”ti sampajānamusā bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa …pe… tīhākārehi viññātaṁ “diṭṭhañca me sutañcā”ti …pe… tīhākārehi viññātaṁ “diṭṭhañca me mutañcā”ti …pe… tīhākārehi viññātaṁ “diṭṭhañca me sutañca mutañcā”ti sampajānamusā bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa …pe….

Tīhākārehi diṭṭhe vematiko diṭṭhaṁ nokappeti, diṭṭhaṁ nassarati, diṭṭhaṁ pamuṭṭho hoti …pe… sute vematiko sutaṁ nokappeti, sutaṁ nassarati, sutaṁ pamuṭṭho hoti …pe… mute vematiko mutaṁ nokappeti, mutaṁ nassarati, mutaṁ pamuṭṭho hoti …pe… viññāte vematiko viññātaṁ nokappeti, viññātaṁ nassarati, viññātaṁ pamuṭṭho hoti … viññātañca me diṭṭhañcāti …pe… viññātaṁ pamuṭṭho hoti … viññātañca me sutañcāti …pe… viññātaṁ pamuṭṭho hoti; viññātañca me mutañcāti …pe… viññātaṁ pamuṭṭho hoti; viññātañca me diṭṭhañca sutañcāti …pe… viññātaṁ pamuṭṭho hoti; viññātañca me diṭṭhañca mutañcāti …pe… viññātaṁ pamuṭṭho hoti; viññātañca me diṭṭhañca sutañca mutañcāti sampajānamusā bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa.

Catūhākārehi …pe… pañcahākārehi …pe… chahākārehi …pe… sattahākārehi …pe… viññātaṁ pamuṭṭho hoti, viññātañca me diṭṭhañca sutañca mutañcāti sampajānamusā bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa—pubbevassa hoti “musā bhaṇissan”ti, bhaṇantassa hoti “musā bhaṇāmī”ti, bhaṇitassa hoti “musā mayā bhaṇitan”ti, vinidhāya diṭṭhiṁ, vinidhāya khantiṁ, vinidhāya ruciṁ, vinidhāya bhāvaṁ.

Anāpatti—davā bhaṇati, ravā bhaṇati.

“Davā bhaṇati nāma: sahasā bhaṇati.
Ravā bhaṇati nāma: ‘aññaṁ bhaṇissāmī’ti aññaṁ bhaṇati”.

Ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.

Musāvādasikkhāpadaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ paṭhamaṁ.

Theravāda Collection on Monastic Law Theravāda Vinaya
The Great Analysis Mahāvibhaṅga
The chapter on offenses entailing confession Pācittiyakaṇḍa
The subchapter on lying Musāvādavagga

1. The training rule on lying 1. Musāvādasikkhāpada

Homage to the Buddha, the Perfected One, the fully Awakened One Namo tassa Bhagavato Arahato Sammāsambuddhassa.

Venerables, these ninety-two rules on confession come up for recitation. Ime kho panāyasmanto dvenavuti pācittiyā dhammā uddesaṁ āgacchanti.

“It’s true, sir.” “Saccaṁ, bhagavā”ti.

Final ruling

‘If a monk lies in full awareness, he commits an offense entailing confession.’” “Sampajānamusāvāde pācittiyan”ti.

Definitions

Lies in full awareness: Sampajānamusāvādo nāma: the speech of one who is aiming to deceive—his words, his way of speaking, his breaking into speech, his verbal expression, his eight kinds of ignoble speech: he says that he has seen what he has not seen; he says that he has heard what he has not heard; he says that he has sensed what he has not sensed; he says that he has mentally experienced what he has not mentally experienced; he says that he has not seen what he has seen; he says that he has not heard what he has heard; he says that he has not sensed what he has sensed; he says that he has not mentally experienced what he has mentally experienced. visaṁvādanapurekkhārassa vācā, girā, byappatho, vacībhedo, vācasikā viññatti, aṭṭha anariyavohārā—adiṭṭhaṁ diṭṭhaṁ meti, assutaṁ sutaṁ meti, amutaṁ mutaṁ meti, aviññātaṁ viññātaṁ meti, diṭṭhaṁ adiṭṭhaṁ meti, sutaṁ assutaṁ meti, mutaṁ amutaṁ meti, viññātaṁ aviññātaṁ meti.

Permutations

Definitions

Not seen: Adiṭṭhaṁ nāma: not seen with the eye. na cakkhunā diṭṭhaṁ.
Not heard: Assutaṁ nāma: not heard with the ear. na sotena sutaṁ.
Not sensed: Amutaṁ nāma: not smelled with the nose, not tasted with the tongue, not touched with the body. na ghānena ghāyitaṁ, na jivhāya sāyitaṁ, na kāyena phuṭṭhaṁ.
Not mentally experienced: Aviññātaṁ nāma: not mentally experienced with the mind. na manasā viññātaṁ.
Seen: Diṭṭhaṁ nāma: seen with the eye. cakkhunā diṭṭhaṁ.
Heard: Sutaṁ nāma: heard with the ear. sotena sutaṁ.
Sensed: Mutaṁ nāma: smelled with the nose, tasted with the tongue, touched with the body. ghānena ghāyitaṁ, jivhāya sāyitaṁ, kāyena phuṭṭhaṁ.
Mentally experienced: Viññātaṁ nāma: mentally experienced with the mind. manasā viññātaṁ.

Exposition

Falsely claiming to have experienced what he has not experienced: a single sense door

Falsely claiming to have experienced what he has not experienced: multiple sense doors

Falsely claiming not to have experienced what he has experienced

Falsely claiming to have experienced with one sense what he has experienced with another

Making claims while having doubts

Non-offenses

There is no offense: Anāpatti—if he speaks playfully; davā bhaṇati, if he speaks too fast; ravā bhaṇati.

(Speaks playfully means: “Davā bhaṇati nāma: speaking quickly. sahasā bhaṇati.
Speaks too fast means: Ravā bhaṇati nāma: meaning to say one thing, he says something else.) ‘aññaṁ bhaṇissāmī’ti aññaṁ bhaṇati”.

if he is insane; Ummattakassa, if he is the first offender. ādikammikassāti.

The training rule on lying, the first, is finished. Musāvādasikkhāpadaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ paṭhamaṁ.