- Theravāda Collection on Monastic Law Theravāda Vinaya
- The Nuns’ Analysis Bhikkhunivibhaṅga
- The chapter on offenses entailing confession Pācittiyakaṇḍa
- The subchapter on monasteries Ārāmavagga
The training rule on inviting 54. Pavāritasikkhāpada
Origin story
At one time when the Buddha was staying at Sāvatthī in Anāthapiṇḍika’s Monastery, Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṁ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. a certain brahmin had invited the nuns for a meal. Tena kho pana samayena aññataro brāhmaṇo bhikkhuniyo nimantetvā bhojesi. When the nuns had finished and refused an invitation to eat more, they went to their respective families, where some ate and others got almsfood and left. Bhikkhuniyo bhuttāvī pavāritā ñātikulāni gantvā ekaccā bhuñjiṁsu ekaccā piṇḍapātaṁ ādāya agamaṁsu.
Soon afterwards that brahmin said this to his neighbors, Atha kho so brāhmaṇo paṭivissake etadavoca—“I have satisfied the nuns. Come, and I’ll satisfy you, too.” “bhikkhuniyo mayā, ayyā, santappitā, etha tumhepi santappessāmī”ti.
Te evamāhaṁsu—“How could you satisfy us? “kiṁ tvaṁ, ayyo, amhe santappessasi. Those nuns who were invited by you came to our houses, where some ate and others got almsfood and left.” Yāpi tayā nimantitā tāpi amhākaṁ gharāni āgantvā ekaccā bhuñjiṁsu ekaccā piṇḍapātaṁ ādāya agamaṁsū”ti.
That brahmin complained and criticized those nuns, Atha kho so brāhmaṇo ujjhāyati khiyyati vipāceti—“How could they eat in our house and afterwards eat elsewhere? Am I not able to give them as much as they want?” “kathañhi nāma bhikkhuniyo amhākaṁ ghare bhuñjitvā aññatra bhuñjissanti, na cāhaṁ paṭibalo yāvadatthaṁ dātun”ti.
The nuns heard the complaints of that brahmin, Assosuṁ kho bhikkhuniyo tassa brāhmaṇassa ujjhāyantassa khiyyantassa vipācentassa. and the nuns of few desires complained and criticized them, Yā tā bhikkhuniyo appicchā …pe… tā ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti—“How could nuns finish their meal, refuse an invitation to eat more, and then eat elsewhere?” … “kathañhi nāma bhikkhuniyo bhuttāvī pavāritā aññatra bhuñjissantī”ti …pe… “Is it true, monks, that nuns did this?” “saccaṁ kira, bhikkhave, bhikkhuniyo bhuttāvī pavāritā aññatra bhuñjantī”ti?
“It’s true, Sir.” “Saccaṁ, bhagavā”ti.
The Buddha rebuked them … Vigarahi buddho bhagavā …pe… “How could nuns act in this way? kathañhi nāma, bhikkhave, bhikkhuniyo bhuttāvī pavāritā aññatra bhuñjissanti. This will affect people’s confidence …” … Netaṁ, bhikkhave, appasannānaṁ vā pasādāya …pe… “And, monks, the nuns should recite this training rule like this: evañca pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhuniyo imaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ uddisantu—
Final ruling
‘If a nun, who has been invited to a meal, refuses an invitation to eat more, and then eats fresh or cooked food, she commits an offense entailing confession.’” “Yā pana bhikkhunī nimantitā vā pavāritā vā khādanīyaṁ vā bhojanīyaṁ vā khādeyya vā bhuñjeyya vā, pācittiyan”ti.
Definitions
- A: Yā panāti
- whoever … yā yādisā …pe…
- Nun: bhikkhunīti
- … The nun who has been given the full ordination in unanimity by both Sanghas through a legal procedure consisting of one motion and three announcements that is irreversible and fit to stand—this sort of nun is meant in this case. …pe… ayaṁ imasmiṁ atthe adhippetā bhikkhunīti.
- Refuses an offer to eat more: Nimantitā nāma
- refuses an offer to eat any of the five cooked foods. pañcannaṁ bhojanānaṁ aññatarena bhojanena nimantitā.
- Refuses an invitation to eat more: Pavāritā nāma
- eating is seen, cooked food is seen, it is brought forward within arm’s reach, a refusal is seen. asanaṁ paññāyati, bhojanaṁ paññāyati, hatthapāse ṭhitā abhiharati, paṭikkhepo paññāyati.
- Fresh food: Khādanīyaṁ nāma
- apart from the five cooked foods, congee, the post-midday tonics, the seven-day tonics, and the lifetime tonics, pañca bhojanāni yāguṁ yāmakālikaṁ sattāhakālikaṁ yāvajīvikaṁ ṭhapetvā the rest is called “fresh food”. avasesaṁ khādanīyaṁ nāma.
- Cooked food: Bhojanīyaṁ nāma
- there are five kinds of cooked food: cooked grain, porridge, flour products, fish, and meat. pañca bhojanāni—odano, kummāso, sattu, maccho, maṁsaṁ. If she receives it with the intention of eating it, she commits an offense of wrong conduct. “Khādissāmi bhuñjissāmī”ti paṭiggaṇhāti, āpatti dukkaṭassa. For every mouthful, she commits an offense entailing confession. Ajjhohāre ajjhohāre āpatti pācittiyassa.
Permutations
If she has refused an offer, and she perceives that she has, and she eats fresh or cooked food, she commits an offense entailing confession. Nimantite nimantitasaññā khādanīyaṁ vā bhojanīyaṁ vā khādati vā bhuñjati vā, āpatti pācittiyassa. If she has refused an offer, but she is unsure of it, and she eats fresh or cooked food, she commits an offense entailing confession. Nimantite vematikā khādanīyaṁ vā bhojanīyaṁ vā khādati vā bhuñjati vā, āpatti pācittiyassa. If she has refused an offer, but she does not perceive that she has, and she eats fresh or cooked food, she commits an offense entailing confession. Nimantite animantitasaññā khādanīyaṁ vā bhojanīyaṁ vā khādati vā bhuñjati vā, āpatti pācittiyassa.
If she receives post-midday tonics, seven-day tonics, or lifetime tonics for the purpose of food, she commits an offense of wrong conduct. Yāmakālikaṁ sattāhakālikaṁ yāvajīvikaṁ āhāratthāya paṭiggaṇhāti, āpatti dukkaṭassa. For every mouthful, she commits an offense of wrong conduct. … Ajjhohāre ajjhohāre āpatti dukkaṭassa …pe….
Non-offenses
There is no offense: Anāpatti—if she has refused an offer to eat more, but not an invitation; nimantitā appavāritā, if she drinks congee; yāguṁ pivati, if she eats more after getting permission from the person who invited her; sāmike apaloketvā bhuñjati, if, when there is a reason, she uses post-midday tonics, seven-day tonics, or lifetime tonics; yāmakālikaṁ sattāhakālikaṁ yāvajīvikaṁ sati paccaye paribhuñjati, if she is insane; ummattikāya, if she is the first offender. ādikammikāyāti.
The fourth training rule is finished. Catutthasikkhāpadaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ.