Theravāda Collection on Monastic Law Theravāda Vinaya
The Great Analysis Mahāvibhaṅga
The chapter on offenses entailing confession Pācittiyakaṇḍa
The subchapter on containing living beings Sappāṇakavagga

64. The training rule on what is grave 64. Duṭṭhullasikkhāpada

Origin story

At one time when the Buddha was staying at Sāvatthī in Anāthapiṇḍika’s Monastery, Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṁ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Venerable Upananda the Sakyan had committed an offense of intentional emission of semen. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā upanando sakyaputto sañcetanikaṁ sukkavissaṭṭhiṁ āpattiṁ āpajjitvā bhātuno saddhivihārikassa bhikkhuno ārocesi—He told his brother’s student about this, “ahaṁ, āvuso, sañcetanikaṁ sukkavissaṭṭhiṁ āpattiṁ āpanno. adding, “Don’t tell anyone.” Mā kassaci ārocehī”ti.

Soon afterwards another monk also committed an offense of intentional emission of semen. He asked the Sangha for probation, Tena kho pana samayena aññataro bhikkhu sañcetanikaṁ sukkavissaṭṭhiṁ āpattiṁ āpajjitvā saṅghaṁ tassā āpattiyā parivāsaṁ yāci. which he got. Tassa saṅgho tassā āpattiyā parivāsaṁ adāsi. While he was on probation, he saw Upananda’s brother’s student and said to him, So parivasanto taṁ bhikkhuṁ passitvā etadavoca—“I’ve committed an offense of intentional emission of semen. I asked the Sangha for probation, which I got. I’m now undergoing probation. Please remember me as such.” “ahaṁ, āvuso, sañcetanikaṁ sukkavissaṭṭhiṁ āpattiṁ āpajjitvā saṅghaṁ tassā āpattiyā parivāsaṁ yāciṁ, tassa me saṅgho tassā āpattiyā parivāsaṁ adāsi, sohaṁ parivasāmi, vediyāmahaṁ, āvuso, vediyatīti maṁ āyasmā dhāretū”ti.

“Do others who have committed this offense need to do the same?” “Kiṁ nu kho, āvuso, yo aññopi imaṁ āpattiṁ āpajjati sopi evaṁ karotī”ti?

“Yes.” “Evamāvuso”ti.

“Venerable Upananda committed this offense and told me not to tell anyone.” “Ayaṁ, āvuso, āyasmā upanando sakyaputto sañcetanikaṁ sukkavissaṭṭhiṁ āpattiṁ āpajjitvā so me āroceti mā kassaci ārocehī”ti.

“So did you conceal it?” “Kiṁ pana tvaṁ, āvuso, paṭicchādesī”ti?

“Yes.” “Evamāvuso”ti.

That monk then told other monks. Atha kho so bhikkhu bhikkhūnaṁ etamatthaṁ ārocesi. The monks of few desires complained and criticized him, Ye te bhikkhū appicchā …pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti—“How could a monk knowingly conceal a monk’s grave offense?” … “kathañhi nāma bhikkhu bhikkhussa jānaṁ duṭṭhullaṁ āpattiṁ paṭicchādessatī”ti …pe… “Is it true, monk, that you did this?” “saccaṁ kira tvaṁ, bhikkhu, bhikkhussa jānaṁ duṭṭhullaṁ āpattiṁ paṭicchādesī”ti.

“It’s true, sir.” “Saccaṁ, bhagavā”ti.

The Buddha rebuked him … Vigarahi buddho bhagavā …pe… “Foolish man, how could you do this? kathañhi nāma tvaṁ, moghapurisa, bhikkhussa jānaṁ duṭṭhullaṁ āpattiṁ paṭicchādessasi. This will affect people’s confidence …” … Netaṁ, moghapurisa, appasannānaṁ vā pasādāya …pe… “And, monks, this training rule should be recited like this: evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ uddiseyyātha—

Final ruling

‘If a monk knowingly conceals a monk’s grave offense, he commits an offense entailing confession.’” “Yo pana bhikkhu bhikkhussa jānaṁ duṭṭhullaṁ āpattiṁ paṭicchādeyya, pācittiyan”ti.

Definitions

A: Yo panāti: whoever … yo yādiso …pe…
Monk: bhikkhūti: … The monk who has been given the full ordination by a unanimous Sangha through a legal procedure consisting of one motion and three announcements that is irreversible and fit to stand—this sort of monk is meant in this case. …pe… ayaṁ imasmiṁ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.
A monk’s: Bhikkhussāti: another monk’s. aññassa bhikkhussa.
Knowingly: Jānāti nāma: he knows by himself or others have told him or the offender has told him. sāmaṁ vā jānāti aññe vā tassa ārocenti, so vā āroceti.
Grave offense: Duṭṭhullā nāma āpatti: the four offenses entailing expulsion and the thirteen entailing suspension. cattāri ca pārājikāni terasa ca saṅghādisesā.
Conceals: Paṭicchādeyyāti: thinking, “If they find out about this, they’ll accuse him, remind him, scold him, censure him, humiliate him; I won’t tell,” then by the mere fact of abandoning his duty, he commits an offense entailing confession. “imaṁ jānitvā codessanti, sāressanti khuṁsessanti, vambhessanti, maṅkuṁ karissanti nārocessāmī”ti dhuraṁ nikkhittamatte, āpatti pācittiyassa.

Permutations

If it is a grave offense, and he perceives it as such, and he conceals it, he commits an offense entailing confession. Duṭṭhullāya āpattiyā duṭṭhullāpattisaññī paṭicchādeti, āpatti pācittiyassa. If it is a grave offense, but he is unsure of it, and he conceals it, he commits an offense of wrong conduct. Duṭṭhullāya āpattiyā vematiko paṭicchādeti, āpatti dukkaṭassa. If it is a grave offense, but he perceives it as minor, and he conceals it, he commits an offense of wrong conduct. Duṭṭhullāya āpattiyā aduṭṭhullāpattisaññī paṭicchādeti, āpatti dukkaṭassa.

If he conceals a minor offense, he commits an offense of wrong conduct. Aduṭṭhullaṁ āpattiṁ paṭicchādeti, āpatti dukkaṭassa. If he conceals the grave or minor misconduct of one who is not fully ordained, he commits an offense of wrong conduct. Anupasampannassa duṭṭhullaṁ vā aduṭṭhullaṁ vā ajjhācāraṁ paṭicchādeti, āpatti dukkaṭassa.

If it is a minor offense, but he perceives it as grave, he commits an offense of wrong conduct. Aduṭṭhullāya āpattiyā duṭṭhullāpattisaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa.

If it is a minor offense, but he is unsure of it, he commits an offense of wrong conduct. Aduṭṭhullāya āpattiyā vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. If it is a minor offense, and he perceives it as such, he commits an offense of wrong conduct. Aduṭṭhullāya āpattiyā aduṭṭhullāpattisaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa.

Non-offenses

There is no offense: Anāpatti—if he does not tell because he thinks there will be quarrels or disputes in the Sangha; “saṅghassa bhaṇḍanaṁ vā kalaho vā viggaho vā vivādo vā bhavissatī”ti nāroceti, if he does not tell because he thinks there will be a fracture or schism in the Sangha; “saṅghabhedo vā saṅgharāji vā bhavissatī”ti nāroceti, if he does not tell because he thinks the person he is telling about is cruel and harsh and that he might become a threat to life or to the monastic life; “ayaṁ kakkhaḷo pharuso jīvitantarāyaṁ vā brahmacariyantarāyaṁ vā karissatī”ti nāroceti, if he does not tell because he does not see any suitable monks; aññe patirūpe bhikkhū apassanto nāroceti, if he does not tell, but not because he wants to conceal; nachādetukāmo nāroceti, if he does not tell because he thinks the other person will be known through his own actions; “paññāyissati sakena kammenā”ti nāroceti, if he is insane; ummattakassa, if he is the first offender. ādikammikassāti.

The training rule on what is grave, the fourth, is finished. Duṭṭhullasikkhāpadaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ catutthaṁ.

English Translation

Pāli Text

Theravāda Collection on Monastic Law
The Great Analysis
The chapter on offenses entailing confession
The subchapter on containing living beings

64. The training rule on what is grave

Origin story

At one time when the Buddha was staying at Sāvatthī in Anāthapiṇḍika’s Monastery, Venerable Upananda the Sakyan had committed an offense of intentional emission of semen. He told his brother’s student about this, adding, “Don’t tell anyone.”

Soon afterwards another monk also committed an offense of intentional emission of semen. He asked the Sangha for probation, which he got. While he was on probation, he saw Upananda’s brother’s student and said to him, “I’ve committed an offense of intentional emission of semen. I asked the Sangha for probation, which I got. I’m now undergoing probation. Please remember me as such.”

“Do others who have committed this offense need to do the same?”

“Yes.”

“Venerable Upananda committed this offense and told me not to tell anyone.”

“So did you conceal it?”

“Yes.”

That monk then told other monks. The monks of few desires complained and criticized him, “How could a monk knowingly conceal a monk’s grave offense?” … “Is it true, monk, that you did this?”

“It’s true, sir.”

The Buddha rebuked him … “Foolish man, how could you do this? This will affect people’s confidence …” … “And, monks, this training rule should be recited like this:

Final ruling

‘If a monk knowingly conceals a monk’s grave offense, he commits an offense entailing confession.’”

Definitions

A:: whoever …
Monk:: … The monk who has been given the full ordination by a unanimous Sangha through a legal procedure consisting of one motion and three announcements that is irreversible and fit to stand—this sort of monk is meant in this case.
A monk’s:: another monk’s.
Knowingly:: he knows by himself or others have told him or the offender has told him.
Grave offense:: the four offenses entailing expulsion and the thirteen entailing suspension.
Conceals:: thinking, “If they find out about this, they’ll accuse him, remind him, scold him, censure him, humiliate him; I won’t tell,” then by the mere fact of abandoning his duty, he commits an offense entailing confession.

Permutations

If it is a grave offense, and he perceives it as such, and he conceals it, he commits an offense entailing confession. If it is a grave offense, but he is unsure of it, and he conceals it, he commits an offense of wrong conduct. If it is a grave offense, but he perceives it as minor, and he conceals it, he commits an offense of wrong conduct.

If he conceals a minor offense, he commits an offense of wrong conduct. If he conceals the grave or minor misconduct of one who is not fully ordained, he commits an offense of wrong conduct.

If it is a minor offense, but he perceives it as grave, he commits an offense of wrong conduct.

If it is a minor offense, but he is unsure of it, he commits an offense of wrong conduct. If it is a minor offense, and he perceives it as such, he commits an offense of wrong conduct.

Non-offenses

There is no offense: if he does not tell because he thinks there will be quarrels or disputes in the Sangha; if he does not tell because he thinks there will be a fracture or schism in the Sangha; if he does not tell because he thinks the person he is telling about is cruel and harsh and that he might become a threat to life or to the monastic life; if he does not tell because he does not see any suitable monks; if he does not tell, but not because he wants to conceal; if he does not tell because he thinks the other person will be known through his own actions; if he is insane; if he is the first offender.

The training rule on what is grave, the fourth, is finished.

Theravāda Vinaya
Mahāvibhaṅga
Pācittiyakaṇḍa
Sappāṇakavagga

64. Duṭṭhullasikkhāpada

Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṁ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā upanando sakyaputto sañcetanikaṁ sukkavissaṭṭhiṁ āpattiṁ āpajjitvā bhātuno saddhivihārikassa bhikkhuno ārocesi—“ahaṁ, āvuso, sañcetanikaṁ sukkavissaṭṭhiṁ āpattiṁ āpanno. Mā kassaci ārocehī”ti.

Tena kho pana samayena aññataro bhikkhu sañcetanikaṁ sukkavissaṭṭhiṁ āpattiṁ āpajjitvā saṅghaṁ tassā āpattiyā parivāsaṁ yāci. Tassa saṅgho tassā āpattiyā parivāsaṁ adāsi. So parivasanto taṁ bhikkhuṁ passitvā etadavoca—“ahaṁ, āvuso, sañcetanikaṁ sukkavissaṭṭhiṁ āpattiṁ āpajjitvā saṅghaṁ tassā āpattiyā parivāsaṁ yāciṁ, tassa me saṅgho tassā āpattiyā parivāsaṁ adāsi, sohaṁ parivasāmi, vediyāmahaṁ, āvuso, vediyatīti maṁ āyasmā dhāretū”ti.

“Kiṁ nu kho, āvuso, yo aññopi imaṁ āpattiṁ āpajjati sopi evaṁ karotī”ti?

“Evamāvuso”ti.

“Ayaṁ, āvuso, āyasmā upanando sakyaputto sañcetanikaṁ sukkavissaṭṭhiṁ āpattiṁ āpajjitvā so me āroceti mā kassaci ārocehī”ti.

“Kiṁ pana tvaṁ, āvuso, paṭicchādesī”ti?

“Evamāvuso”ti.

Atha kho so bhikkhu bhikkhūnaṁ etamatthaṁ ārocesi. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā …pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti—“kathañhi nāma bhikkhu bhikkhussa jānaṁ duṭṭhullaṁ āpattiṁ paṭicchādessatī”ti …pe… “saccaṁ kira tvaṁ, bhikkhu, bhikkhussa jānaṁ duṭṭhullaṁ āpattiṁ paṭicchādesī”ti.

“Saccaṁ, bhagavā”ti.

Vigarahi buddho bhagavā …pe… kathañhi nāma tvaṁ, moghapurisa, bhikkhussa jānaṁ duṭṭhullaṁ āpattiṁ paṭicchādessasi. Netaṁ, moghapurisa, appasannānaṁ vā pasādāya …pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ uddiseyyātha—

“Yo pana bhikkhu bhikkhussa jānaṁ duṭṭhullaṁ āpattiṁ paṭicchādeyya, pācittiyan”ti.

Yo panāti: yo yādiso …pe…
bhikkhūti: …pe… ayaṁ imasmiṁ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.
Bhikkhussāti: aññassa bhikkhussa.
Jānāti nāma: sāmaṁ vā jānāti aññe vā tassa ārocenti, so vā āroceti.
Duṭṭhullā nāma āpatti: cattāri ca pārājikāni terasa ca saṅghādisesā.
Paṭicchādeyyāti: “imaṁ jānitvā codessanti, sāressanti khuṁsessanti, vambhessanti, maṅkuṁ karissanti nārocessāmī”ti dhuraṁ nikkhittamatte, āpatti pācittiyassa.

Duṭṭhullāya āpattiyā duṭṭhullāpattisaññī paṭicchādeti, āpatti pācittiyassa. Duṭṭhullāya āpattiyā vematiko paṭicchādeti, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Duṭṭhullāya āpattiyā aduṭṭhullāpattisaññī paṭicchādeti, āpatti dukkaṭassa.

Aduṭṭhullaṁ āpattiṁ paṭicchādeti, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Anupasampannassa duṭṭhullaṁ vā aduṭṭhullaṁ vā ajjhācāraṁ paṭicchādeti, āpatti dukkaṭassa.

Aduṭṭhullāya āpattiyā duṭṭhullāpattisaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa.

Aduṭṭhullāya āpattiyā vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Aduṭṭhullāya āpattiyā aduṭṭhullāpattisaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa.

Anāpatti—“saṅghassa bhaṇḍanaṁ vā kalaho vā viggaho vā vivādo vā bhavissatī”ti nāroceti, “saṅghabhedo vā saṅgharāji vā bhavissatī”ti nāroceti, “ayaṁ kakkhaḷo pharuso jīvitantarāyaṁ vā brahmacariyantarāyaṁ vā karissatī”ti nāroceti, aññe patirūpe bhikkhū apassanto nāroceti, nachādetukāmo nāroceti, “paññāyissati sakena kammenā”ti nāroceti, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.

Duṭṭhullasikkhāpadaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ catutthaṁ.

Theravāda Collection on Monastic Law Theravāda Vinaya
The Great Analysis Mahāvibhaṅga
The chapter on offenses entailing confession Pācittiyakaṇḍa
The subchapter on containing living beings Sappāṇakavagga

64. The training rule on what is grave 64. Duṭṭhullasikkhāpada

Origin story

“Do others who have committed this offense need to do the same?” “Kiṁ nu kho, āvuso, yo aññopi imaṁ āpattiṁ āpajjati sopi evaṁ karotī”ti?

“Yes.” “Evamāvuso”ti.

“So did you conceal it?” “Kiṁ pana tvaṁ, āvuso, paṭicchādesī”ti?

“Yes.” “Evamāvuso”ti.

“It’s true, sir.” “Saccaṁ, bhagavā”ti.

Final ruling

Definitions

A: Yo panāti: whoever … yo yādiso …pe…
Monk: bhikkhūti: … The monk who has been given the full ordination by a unanimous Sangha through a legal procedure consisting of one motion and three announcements that is irreversible and fit to stand—this sort of monk is meant in this case. …pe… ayaṁ imasmiṁ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.
A monk’s: Bhikkhussāti: another monk’s. aññassa bhikkhussa.
Knowingly: Jānāti nāma: he knows by himself or others have told him or the offender has told him. sāmaṁ vā jānāti aññe vā tassa ārocenti, so vā āroceti.
Grave offense: Duṭṭhullā nāma āpatti: the four offenses entailing expulsion and the thirteen entailing suspension. cattāri ca pārājikāni terasa ca saṅghādisesā.
Conceals: Paṭicchādeyyāti: thinking, “If they find out about this, they’ll accuse him, remind him, scold him, censure him, humiliate him; I won’t tell,” then by the mere fact of abandoning his duty, he commits an offense entailing confession. “imaṁ jānitvā codessanti, sāressanti khuṁsessanti, vambhessanti, maṅkuṁ karissanti nārocessāmī”ti dhuraṁ nikkhittamatte, āpatti pācittiyassa.

Permutations

If it is a minor offense, but he perceives it as grave, he commits an offense of wrong conduct. Aduṭṭhullāya āpattiyā duṭṭhullāpattisaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa.

Non-offenses

The training rule on what is grave, the fourth, is finished. Duṭṭhullasikkhāpadaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ catutthaṁ.