1. Discussion of the proper conduct for newly-arrived monks 1. Āgantukavattakathā

At one time the Buddha was staying at Sāvatthī in the Jeta Grove, Anāthapiṇḍika’s Monastery. Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṁ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. At that time newly-arrived monks entered the monastery wearing sandals, holding sunshades, with their heads covered, with their robes on their heads; and they washed their feet with drinking water, did not bow down to the resident monks who were senior to them, and did not ask about dwellings. Tena kho pana samayena āgantukā bhikkhū saupāhanāpi ārāmaṁ pavisanti, chattappaggahitāpi ārāmaṁ pavisanti, oguṇṭhitāpi ārāmaṁ pavisanti, sīsepi cīvaraṁ karitvā ārāmaṁ pavisanti, pānīyenapi pāde dhovanti, vuḍḍhatarepi āvāsike bhikkhū na abhivādenti, napi senāsanaṁ pucchanti. A certain newly-arrived monk lifted the latch of an unoccupied dwelling, opened the door, and entered hastily. Aññataropi āgantuko bhikkhu anajjhāvuṭṭhaṁ vihāraṁ ghaṭikaṁ ugghāṭetvā kavāṭaṁ paṇāmetvā sahasā pāvisi. A snake fell from above the door frame onto his shoulders. Tassa uparipiṭṭhito ahi khandhe papati. Terrified, he screamed. So bhīto vissaramakāsi. The monks came running Bhikkhū upadhāvitvā taṁ bhikkhuṁ etadavocuṁ—and asked him why he was screaming. “kissa tvaṁ, āvuso, vissaramakāsī”ti? And he told them what had happened. Atha kho so bhikkhu bhikkhūnaṁ etamatthaṁ ārocesi.

The monks of few desires complained and criticized them, Ye te bhikkhū appicchā …pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti—“How can the newly-arrived monks enter the monastery wearing sandals, holding sunshades, with their heads covered, with their robe on their head; and wash their feet with drinking water, not bow down to the resident monks who are senior to them, and not ask about dwellings?” “kathañhi nāma āgantukā bhikkhū saupāhanāpi ārāmaṁ pavisissanti, chattappaggahitāpi ārāmaṁ pavisissanti, oguṇṭhitāpi ārāmaṁ pavisissanti, sīsepi cīvaraṁ karitvā ārāmaṁ pavisissanti, pānīyenapi pāde dhovissanti, vuḍḍhatarepi āvāsike bhikkhū na abhivādessanti, napi senāsanaṁ pucchissantī”ti. They told the Buddha. Soon afterwards he had the Sangha gathered and questioned the monks: Atha kho te bhikkhū bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ …pe… “Is it true, monks, that the newly-arrived monks are acting like this?” “saccaṁ kira, bhikkhave, āgantukā bhikkhū saupāhanāpi ārāmaṁ pavisanti, chattappaggahitāpi ārāmaṁ pavisanti, oguṇṭhitāpi ārāmaṁ pavisanti, sīsepi cīvaraṁ karitvā ārāmaṁ pavisanti, pānīyenapi pāde dhovanti, vuḍḍhatarepi āvāsike bhikkhū na abhivādenti, napi senāsanaṁ pucchantī”ti.

“It’s true, sir.” “Saccaṁ, bhagavā”ti.

The Buddha rebuked them … Vigarahi buddho bhagavā …pe… “How can the newly-arrived monks act like this? This will affect people’s confidence …” kathañhi nāma bhikkhave āgantukā bhikkhū saupāhanāpi ārāmaṁ pavisissanti, chattappaggahitāpi ārāmaṁ pavisissanti, oguṇṭhitāpi ārāmaṁ pavisissanti, sīsepi cīvaraṁ karitvā ārāmaṁ pavisissanti, pānīyenapi pāde dhovissanti, vuḍḍhatarepi āvāsike bhikkhū na abhivādessanti, napi senāsanaṁ pucchissanti, netaṁ bhikkhave appasannānaṁ vā pasādāya …pe… After rebuking them … vigarahitvā …pe… the Buddha gave a teaching and addressed the monks: dhammiṁ kathaṁ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi—

“Well then, I’ll lay down the proper conduct for newly-arrived monks. “Tena hi, bhikkhave, āgantukānaṁ bhikkhūnaṁ vattaṁ paññapessāmi yathā āgantukehi bhikkhūhi sammā vattitabbaṁ. When a newly-arrived monk enters a monastery, he should remove his sandals, hold them low, knock them together, and carry them along; he should lower his sunshade, uncover his head, and put his robe over his shoulders; he should then enter the monastery carefully and without hurry. Āgantukena, bhikkhave, bhikkhunā ‘idāni ārāmaṁ pavisissāmī’ti upāhanā omuñcitvā nīcaṁ katvā papphoṭetvā gahetvā chattaṁ apanāmetvā sīsaṁ vivaritvā sīse cīvaraṁ khandhe katvā sādhukaṁ ataramānena ārāmo pavisitabbo. As he enters the monastery, Ārāmaṁ pavisantena sallakkhetabbaṁ—he should look out for where the resident monks gather—‘kattha āvāsikā bhikkhū paṭikkamantī’ti? Yattha āvāsikā bhikkhū paṭikkamanti—whether in the assembly hall, under a roof cover, or at the foot of a tree—upaṭṭhānasālāya vā maṇḍape vā rukkhamūle vā—and he should go there. tattha gantvā ekamantaṁ patto nikkhipitabbo; He should then put down his bowl and robe, ekamantaṁ cīvaraṁ nikkhipitabbaṁ; find a suitable seat, and sit down. patirūpaṁ āsanaṁ gahetvā nisīditabbaṁ; He should ask pānīyaṁ pucchitabbaṁ, paribhojanīyaṁ pucchitabbaṁ—which is the water for drinking and which the water for washing. ‘katamaṁ pānīyaṁ, katamaṁ paribhojanīyan’ti? If he needs water to drink, he may take some and drink. Sace pānīyena attho hoti, pānīyaṁ gahetvā pātabbaṁ. If he needs water to wash, he may take some and wash his feet. Sace paribhojanīyena attho hoti, paribhojanīyaṁ gahetvā pādā dhovitabbā. When he washes his feet, he should pour the water with one hand and wash with the other. Pāde dhovantena ekena hatthena udakaṁ āsiñcitabbaṁ, ekena hatthena pādā dhovitabbā. He shouldn’t pour the water and wash his feet with the same hand. Na teneva udakaṁ āsiñcitabbaṁ na teneva hatthena pādā dhovitabbā. He should ask for a sandal-wiping cloth, and then wipe them. Upāhanāpuñchanacoḷakaṁ pucchitvā upāhanā puñchitabbā. When he wipes his sandals, he should first wipe them with a dry cloth, then with a wet one. Upāhanā puñchantena paṭhamaṁ sukkhena coḷakena puñchitabbā, pacchā allena. He should wash the cloth and spread it out. Upāhanāpuñchanacoḷakaṁ dhovitvā ekamantaṁ vissajjetabbaṁ.

If a resident monk is senior to him, the newly-arrived monk should bow down to him. Sace āvāsiko bhikkhu vuḍḍho hoti, abhivādetabbo. If a resident monk is junior, he should bow down to the newly-arrived monk. Sace navako hoti, abhivādāpetabbo. The newly-arrived monk should ask which dwelling he may stay in Senāsanaṁ pucchitabbaṁ—‘katamaṁ me senāsanaṁ pāpuṇātī’ti? and whether it’s occupied or not. He should ask about where to go for alms and where not to go, about any families designated as “in training”, about the place for defecating and the place for urinating, about the water for drinking and the water for washing, about walking sticks, and about the Sangha’s agreements Ajjhāvuṭṭhaṁ vā anajjhāvuṭṭhaṁ vā pucchitabbaṁ, gocaro pucchitabbo, agocaro pucchitabbo, sekkhasammatāni kulāni pucchitabbāni, vaccaṭṭhānaṁ pucchitabbaṁ, passāvaṭṭhānaṁ pucchitabbaṁ, pānīyaṁ pucchitabbaṁ, paribhojanīyaṁ pucchitabbaṁ, kattaradaṇḍo pucchitabbo, saṅghassa katikasaṇṭhānaṁ pucchitabbaṁ—concerning the right time to enter and the right time to leave. ‘kaṁ kālaṁ pavisitabbaṁ, kaṁ kālaṁ nikkhamitabban’ti?

If the dwelling is unoccupied, he should knock on the door, wait for a moment, then lift the latch, open the door, and look inside while standing outside. Sace vihāro anajjhāvuttho hoti, kavāṭaṁ ākoṭetvā muhuttaṁ āgametvā ghaṭikaṁ ugghāṭetvā kavāṭaṁ paṇāmetvā bahi ṭhitena nilloketabbo.

If the dwelling is dirty, and if the beds or benches are stacked on top of one another with furniture piled on top, he should clean it if he’s able. Sace vihāro uklāpo hoti, mañce vā mañco āropito hoti, pīṭhe vā pīṭhaṁ āropitaṁ hoti, senāsanaṁ upari puñjīkataṁ hoti, sace ussahati, sodhetabbo. When he’s cleaning the dwelling, he should first take out the floor cover and put it aside. Vihāraṁ sodhentena paṭhamaṁ bhūmattharaṇaṁ nīharitvā ekamantaṁ nikkhipitabbaṁ; He should take out the bed supports and put them aside. mañcapaṭipādakā nīharitvā ekamantaṁ nikkhipitabbā; He should take out the mattress and the pillow and put them aside. bhisibibbohanaṁ nīharitvā ekamantaṁ nikkhipitabbaṁ; He should take out the sitting mat and the sheet and put them aside. nisīdanapaccattharaṇaṁ nīharitvā ekamantaṁ nikkhipitabbaṁ; Holding the bed low, he should carefully take it out without scratching it or knocking it against the door or the door frame, and he should put it aside. mañco nīcaṁ katvā sādhukaṁ appaṭighaṁsantena, asaṅghaṭṭentena kavāṭapiṭṭhaṁ, nīharitvā ekamantaṁ nikkhipitabbo; Holding the bench low, he should carefully take it out without scratching it or knocking it against the door or the door frame, and he should put it aside. pīṭhaṁ nīcaṁ katvā sādhukaṁ appaṭighaṁsantena, asaṅghaṭṭentena kavāṭapiṭṭhaṁ, nīharitvā ekamantaṁ nikkhipitabbaṁ; He should take out the spittoon and put it aside. kheḷamallako nīharitvā ekamantaṁ nikkhipitabbo; He should take out the leaning board and put it aside. apassenaphalakaṁ nīharitvā ekamantaṁ nikkhipitabbaṁ. If the dwelling has cobwebs, he should first remove them from the ceiling cloth, and he should then wipe the windows and the corners of the room. Sace vihāre santānakaṁ hoti, ullokā paṭhamaṁ ohāretabbaṁ, ālokasandhikaṇṇabhāgā pamajjitabbā. If the walls have been treated with red ocher and they’re moldy, he should moisten a cloth, wring it out, and wipe the walls. Sace gerukaparikammakatā bhitti kaṇṇakitā hoti, coḷakaṁ temetvā pīḷetvā pamajjitabbā. If the floor has been treated with a black finish and it’s moldy, he should moisten a cloth, wring it out, and wipe the floor. Sace kāḷavaṇṇakatā bhūmi kaṇṇakitā hoti, coḷakaṁ temetvā pīḷetvā pamajjitabbā. If the floor is untreated, he should sprinkle it with water and then sweep it, Sace akatā hoti bhūmi, udakena paripphositvā sammajjitabbā—trying to avoid stirring up dust. mā vihāro rajena uhaññīti. He should look out for any trash and discard it. Saṅkāraṁ vicinitvā ekamantaṁ chaḍḍetabbaṁ.

He should sun the floor cover, clean it, beat it, bring it back inside, and put it back as before. Bhūmattharaṇaṁ otāpetvā sodhetvā papphoṭetvā atiharitvā yathāṭhāne paññapetabbaṁ. He should sun the bed supports, wipe them, bring them back inside, and put them back where they were. Mañcapaṭipādakā otāpetvā pamajjitvā atiharitvā yathāṭhāne ṭhapetabbā. He should sun the bed, clean it, and beat it. Holding it low, he should carefully bring it back inside without scratching it or knocking it against the door or the door frame, and he should put it back as before. Mañco otāpetvā sodhetvā papphoṭetvā nīcaṁ katvā sādhukaṁ appaṭighaṁsantena, asaṅghaṭṭentena kavāṭapiṭṭhaṁ, atiharitvā yathāṭhāne paññapetabbo. He should sun the bench, clean it, and beat it. Holding it low, he should carefully bring it back inside without scratching it or knocking it against the door or the door frame, and he should put it back as before. Pīṭhaṁ otāpetvā sodhetvā papphoṭetvā nīcaṁ katvā sādhukaṁ appaṭighaṁsantena, asaṅghaṭṭentena kavāṭapiṭṭhaṁ, atiharitvā yathāṭhāne paññapetabbaṁ. He should sun the mattress and the pillow, clean them, beat them, bring them back inside, and put them back as before. Bhisibibbohanaṁ otāpetvā sodhetvā papphoṭetvā atiharitvā yathābhāgaṁ paññapetabbaṁ. He should sun the sitting mat and the sheet, clean them, beat them, bring them back inside, and put them back as before. Nisīdanapaccattharaṇaṁ otāpetvā sodhetvā papphoṭetvā atiharitvā yathābhāgaṁ paññapetabbaṁ. He should sun the spittoon, wipe it, bring it back inside, and put it back where it was. Kheḷamallako otāpetvā pamajjitvā atiharitvā yathābhāgaṁ ṭhapetabbo. He should sun the leaning board, wipe it, bring it back inside, and put it back where it was. Apassenaphalakaṁ otāpetvā pamajjitvā atiharitvā yathābhāgaṁ ṭhapetabbaṁ. He should put away the bowl and robe. Pattacīvaraṁ nikkhipitabbaṁ. When putting away the bowl, he should hold the bowl in one hand, feel under the bed or the bench with the other, and then put it away. Pattaṁ nikkhipantena ekena hatthena pattaṁ gahetvā ekena hatthena heṭṭhāmañcaṁ vā heṭṭhāpīṭhaṁ vā parāmasitvā patto nikkhipitabbo. He shouldn’t put the bowl away on the bare floor. Na ca anantarahitāya bhūmiyā patto nikkhipitabbo. When putting away the robe, he should hold the robe in one hand, wipe the bamboo robe rack or the clothesline with the other, and then put it away by folding the robe over it, making the ends face the wall and the fold face out. Cīvaraṁ nikkhipantena ekena hatthena cīvaraṁ gahetvā ekena hatthena cīvaravaṁsaṁ vā cīvararajjuṁ vā pamajjitvā pārato antaṁ orato bhogaṁ katvā cīvaraṁ nikkhipitabbaṁ.

If dusty winds are blowing from the east, he should close the windows on the eastern side. Sace puratthimā sarajā vātā vāyanti, puratthimā vātapānā thaketabbā. If dusty winds are blowing from the west, he should close the windows on the western side. Sace pacchimā sarajā vātā vāyanti, pacchimā vātapānā thaketabbā. If dusty winds are blowing from the north, he should close the windows on the northern side. Sace uttarā sarajā vātā vāyanti, uttarā vātapānā thaketabbā. If dusty winds are blowing from the south, he should close the windows on the southern side. Sace dakkhiṇā sarajā vātā vāyanti, dakkhiṇā vātapānā thaketabbā. If the weather is cold, he should open the windows during the day and close them at night. Sace sītakālo hoti, divā vātapānā vivaritabbā, rattiṁ thaketabbā. If the weather is hot, he should close the windows during the day and open them at night. Sace uṇhakālo hoti, divā vātapānā thaketabbā, rattiṁ vivaritabbā.

If the yard is dirty, he should sweep it. Sace pariveṇaṁ uklāpaṁ hoti, pariveṇaṁ sammajjitabbaṁ. If the gatehouse is dirty, he should sweep it. Sace koṭṭhako uklāpo hoti, koṭṭhako sammajjitabbo. If the assembly hall is dirty, he should sweep it. Sace upaṭṭhānasālā uklāpā hoti, upaṭṭhānasālā sammajjitabbā. If the water-boiling shed is dirty, he should sweep it. Sace aggisālā uklāpā hoti, aggisālā sammajjitabbā. If the restroom is dirty, he should sweep it. Sace vaccakuṭi uklāpā hoti, vaccakuṭi sammajjitabbā. If there’s no water for drinking, he should get some. Sace pānīyaṁ na hoti, pānīyaṁ upaṭṭhāpetabbaṁ. If there’s no water for washing, he should get some. Sace paribhojanīyaṁ na hoti, paribhojanīyaṁ upaṭṭhāpetabbaṁ. If there’s no water in the restroom ablutions pot, he should fill it. Sace ācamanakumbhiyā udakaṁ na hoti, ācamanakumbhiyā udakaṁ āsiñcitabbaṁ.

This is the proper conduct for newly-arrived monks.” Idaṁ kho, bhikkhave, āgantukānaṁ bhikkhūnaṁ vattaṁ yathā āgantukehi bhikkhūhi sammā vattitabban”ti.

2. Discussion of the proper conduct for resident monks 2. Āvāsikavattakathā

At that time, when they saw newly-arrived monks, the resident monks did not prepare seats, or put out foot stools, foot scrapers, or water for washing the feet. They did not go out to meet them to receive their bowls and robes, or ask if they wanted water to drink. They did not bow down to newly-arrived monks who were senior to them or assign dwellings to them. Tena kho pana samayena āvāsikā bhikkhū āgantuke bhikkhū disvā neva āsanaṁ paññapenti, na pādodakaṁ pādapīṭhaṁ pādakathalikaṁ upanikkhipanti, na paccuggantvā pattacīvaraṁ paṭiggaṇhanti, na pānīyena pucchanti, na vuḍḍhatarepi āgantuke bhikkhū abhivādenti, na senāsanaṁ paññapenti.

The monks of few desires complained and criticized them, Ye te bhikkhū appicchā …pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti—“How can the resident monks act like this?” “kathañhi nāma āvāsikā bhikkhū āgantuke bhikkhū disvā neva āsanaṁ paññapessanti, na pādodakaṁ pādapīṭhaṁ pādakathalikaṁ upanikkhipissanti, na paccuggantvā pattacīvaraṁ paṭiggahissanti, na pānīyena pucchissanti, vuḍḍhatarepi āgantuke bhikkhū na abhivādessanti, na senāsanaṁ paññapessantī”ti. They told the Buddha. Soon afterwards he had the Sangha gathered and questioned the monks: Atha kho te bhikkhū bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ …pe… “Is it true, monks, that the resident monks are acting like this?” “saccaṁ kira, bhikkhave …pe… “It’s true, sir.” … “saccaṁ, bhagavā”ti …pe… After rebuking them … vigarahitvā …pe… the Buddha gave a teaching and addressed the monks: dhammiṁ kathaṁ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi—

“Well then, I’ll lay down the proper conduct for resident monks. “Tena hi, bhikkhave, āvāsikānaṁ bhikkhūnaṁ vattaṁ paññapessāmi yathā āvāsikehi bhikkhūhi sammā vattitabbaṁ. When a resident monk sees a newly-arrived monk who is senior to him, he should prepare a seat, and put out a foot stool, a foot scraper, and water for washing the feet. He should go out to meet him to receive his bowl and robe, and ask if he wants water to drink. Āvāsikena, bhikkhave, bhikkhunā āgantukaṁ bhikkhuṁ vuḍḍhataraṁ disvā āsanaṁ paññapetabbaṁ, pādodakaṁ pādapīṭhaṁ pādakathalikaṁ upanikkhipitabbaṁ, paccuggantvā pattacīvaraṁ paṭiggahetabbaṁ, pānīyena pucchitabbo. If he’s able, he should wipe his sandals, Sace ussahati, upāhanā puñchitabbā. first with a dry cloth and then with a wet one. Upāhanā puñchantena paṭhamaṁ sukkhena coḷakena puñchitabbā, pacchā allena. He should wash the cloth and spread it out. Upāhanāpuñchanacoḷakaṁ dhovitvā ekamantaṁ vissajjetabbaṁ.

If the newly-arrived monk is senior to him, the resident monk should bow down to him. Āgantuko bhikkhu vuḍḍhataro abhivādetabbo. He should assign him a dwelling, Senāsanaṁ paññapetabbaṁ—tell him where it is, ‘etaṁ te senāsanaṁ pāpuṇātī’ti. and inform him whether it’s occupied or not. Ajjhāvuṭṭhaṁ vā anajjhāvuṭṭhaṁ vā ācikkhitabbaṁ. He should tell him where to go for alms Gocaro ācikkhitabbo. and where not to go, Agocaro ācikkhitabbo. and about any families designated as ‘in training’. Sekkhasammatāni kulāni ācikkhitabbāni. He should point out the place for defecating Vaccaṭṭhānaṁ ācikkhitabbaṁ. and the place for urinating, Passāvaṭṭhānaṁ ācikkhitabbaṁ. the water for drinking Pānīyaṁ ācikkhitabbaṁ. and the water for washing, Paribhojanīyaṁ ācikkhitabbaṁ. and the walking sticks. Kattaradaṇḍo ācikkhitabbo. He should tell him about the Sangha’s agreements Saṅghassa katikasaṇṭhānaṁ ācikkhitabbaṁ—concerning the right time to enter and the right time to leave. ‘imaṁ kālaṁ pavisitabbaṁ, imaṁ kālaṁ nikkhamitabban’ti.

If the newly-arrived monk is junior to him, the resident monk should remain seated Sace navako hoti, nisinnakeneva ācikkhitabbaṁ—while telling him where to put his bowl and robe, and which seat to sit on. ‘atra pattaṁ nikkhipāhi, atra cīvaraṁ nikkhipāhi, idaṁ āsanaṁ nisīdāhī’ti. He should point out the water for drinking Pānīyaṁ ācikkhitabbaṁ. and the water for washing, Paribhojanīyaṁ ācikkhitabbaṁ. as well as a sandal-wiping cloth. Upāhanāpuñchanacoḷakaṁ ācikkhitabbaṁ.

If the newly-arrived monk is junior to the resident monk, he should bow down to him. Āgantuko bhikkhu navako abhivādāpetabbo. The resident monk should tell him Senāsanaṁ ācikkhitabbaṁ—which dwelling he may stay in ‘etaṁ te senāsanaṁ pāpuṇātī’ti. and whether it’s occupied or not. Ajjhāvuṭṭhaṁ vā anajjhāvuṭṭhaṁ vā ācikkhitabbaṁ. He should tell him where to go for alms Gocaro ācikkhitabbo. and where not to go, Agocaro ācikkhitabbo. and about any families designated as ‘in training’. Sekkhasammatāni kulāni ācikkhitabbāni. He should point out the place for defecating Vaccaṭṭhānaṁ ācikkhitabbaṁ. and the place for urinating, Passāvaṭṭhānaṁ ācikkhitabbaṁ. the water for drinking Pānīyaṁ ācikkhitabbaṁ. and the water for washing, Paribhojanīyaṁ ācikkhitabbaṁ. and the walking sticks. Kattaradaṇḍo ācikkhitabbo. He should tell him about the Sangha’s agreements Saṅghassa katikasaṇṭhānaṁ ācikkhitabbaṁ—concerning the right time to enter and the right time to leave. ‘imaṁ kālaṁ pavisitabbaṁ, imaṁ kālaṁ nikkhamitabban’ti.

This is the proper conduct for resident monks.” Idaṁ kho, bhikkhave, āvāsikānaṁ bhikkhūnaṁ vattaṁ yathā āvāsikehi bhikkhūhi sammā vattitabban”ti.

3. Discussion of the proper conduct for departing monks 3. Gamikavattakathā

At that time there were monks who departed without putting the wooden and ceramic goods in order, without closing the door and the windows, and without informing anyone. Tena kho pana samayena gamikā bhikkhū dārubhaṇḍaṁ mattikābhaṇḍaṁ appaṭisāmetvā dvāravātapānaṁ vivaritvā senāsanaṁ anāpucchā pakkamanti. The wooden and ceramic goods were lost Dārubhaṇḍaṁ mattikābhaṇḍaṁ nassati. and the dwelling was unprotected. Senāsanaṁ aguttaṁ hoti.

The monks of few desires complained and criticized them, Ye te bhikkhū appicchā …pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti—“How can the departing monks act like this?” “kathañhi nāma gamikā bhikkhū dārubhaṇḍaṁ mattikābhaṇḍaṁ appaṭisāmetvā dvāravātapānaṁ vivaritvā senāsanaṁ anāpucchā pakkamissanti. Dārubhaṇḍaṁ mattikābhaṇḍaṁ nassati. Senāsanaṁ aguttaṁ hotī”ti. They told the Buddha. Soon afterwards he had the Sangha gathered and questioned the monks: Atha kho te bhikkhū bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ …pe… “Is it true, monks, that the departing monks are acting like this?” “saccaṁ kira, bhikkhave …pe… “It’s true, sir.” … “saccaṁ, bhagavā”ti …pe… After rebuking them … vigarahitvā …pe… the Buddha gave a teaching and addressed the monks: dhammiṁ kathaṁ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi—

“Well then, I’ll lay down the proper conduct for departing monks. “Tena hi, bhikkhave, gamikānaṁ bhikkhūnaṁ vattaṁ paññapessāmi yathā gamikehi bhikkhūhi sammā vattitabbaṁ. Before a monk departs, he should put the wooden and ceramic goods in order, close the door and the windows, and inform someone. Gamikena, bhikkhave, bhikkhunā dārubhaṇḍaṁ mattikābhaṇḍaṁ paṭisāmetvā dvāravātapānaṁ thaketvā senāsanaṁ āpucchā pakkamitabbaṁ. If there are no monks, he should inform a novice monk; Sace bhikkhu na hoti, sāmaṇero āpucchitabbo. if there are no novice monks, he should inform a monastery worker; Sace sāmaṇero na hoti, ārāmiko āpucchitabbo. if there are no monastery workers, he should inform a lay follower. Sace ārāmiko na hoti, upāsako āpucchitabbo. If there are no monks, novice monks, monastery workers, or lay followers, he should place the bed on four rocks. He should then stack the beds and benches on top of one another, with the other furniture piled on top, and put away the wooden and ceramic goods. He should close the door and the windows, and then depart. Sace na hoti bhikkhu vā sāmaṇero vā ārāmiko vā upāsako vā, catūsu pāsāṇesu mañcaṁ paññapetvā mañce mañcaṁ āropetvā pīṭhe pīṭhaṁ āropetvā senāsanaṁ upari puñjaṁ karitvā dārubhaṇḍaṁ mattikābhaṇḍaṁ paṭisāmetvā dvāravātapānaṁ thaketvā pakkamitabbaṁ.

If rain enters the dwelling, he should cover it if he’s able, or he should make an effort Sace vihāro ovassati, sace ussahati, chādetabbo, ussukkaṁ vā kātabbaṁ—to have it covered. ‘kinti nu kho vihāro chādiyethā’ti. If this works out, all is well. Evañcetaṁ labhetha, iccetaṁ kusalaṁ. If not, he should place the bed on four rocks in a dry spot. He should then stack the beds and benches on top of one another, with the other furniture piled on top, and put away the wooden and ceramic goods. He should close the door and the windows, and then depart. No ce labhetha, yo deso anovassako hoti, tattha catūsu pāsāṇesu mañcaṁ paññapetvā mañce mañcaṁ āropetvā pīṭhe pīṭhaṁ āropetvā senāsanaṁ upari puñjaṁ karitvā dārubhaṇḍaṁ mattikābhaṇḍaṁ paṭisāmetvā dvāravātapānaṁ thaketvā pakkamitabbaṁ. If the whole dwelling is getting wet, he should carry the furniture to the village if he’s able, or he should make an effort Sace sabbo vihāro ovassati, sace ussahati, senāsanaṁ gāmaṁ atiharitabbaṁ, ussukkaṁ vā kātabbaṁ—to have it carried to the village. ‘kinti nu kho senāsanaṁ gāmaṁ atihariyethā’ti. If this works out, all is well. Evañcetaṁ labhetha, iccetaṁ kusalaṁ. If not, he should place the bed on four rocks outside. He should then stack the beds and benches on top of one another, with the other furniture piled on top, and he should put away the wooden and ceramic goods. He should cover it all with grass and leaves and then depart, No ce labhetha, ajjhokāse catūsu pāsāṇesu mañcaṁ paññapetvā mañce mañcaṁ āropetvā pīṭhe pīṭhaṁ āropetvā senāsanaṁ upari puñjaṁ karitvā dārubhaṇḍaṁ mattikābhaṇḍaṁ paṭisāmetvā tiṇena vā paṇṇena vā paṭicchādetvā pakkamitabbaṁ—thinking, ‘Hopefully the requisites will be okay.’ appeva nāma aṅgānipi seseyyunti.

This is the proper conduct for departing monks.” Idaṁ kho, bhikkhave, gamikānaṁ bhikkhūnaṁ vattaṁ yathā gamikehi bhikkhūhi sammā vattitabban”ti.

4. Discussion of the proper conduct in connection with the expression of appreciation 4. Anumodanavattakathā

At that time there were monks who did not express their appreciation in the dining hall. Tena kho pana samayena bhikkhū bhattagge na anumodanti. People complained and criticized them, Manussā ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti—“How can the Sakyan monastics not express their appreciation in the dining hall?” “kathañhi nāma samaṇā sakyaputtiyā bhattagge na anumodissantī”ti. The monks heard the complaints of those people Assosuṁ kho bhikkhū tesaṁ manussānaṁ ujjhāyantānaṁ khiyyantānaṁ vipācentānaṁ. and they told the Buddha. Atha kho te bhikkhū bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ. The Buddha gave a teaching and addressed the monks: Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṁ nidāne etasmiṁ pakaraṇe dhammiṁ kathaṁ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi—

“You should express your appreciation in the dining hall.” “anujānāmi, bhikkhave, bhattagge anumoditun”ti.

The monks thought, Atha kho tesaṁ bhikkhūnaṁ etadahosi—“Who should give the expression of appreciation?” “kena nu kho bhattagge anumoditabban”ti? They told the Buddha. Bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ. He gave a teaching and addressed the monks: Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṁ nidāne etasmiṁ pakaraṇe dhammiṁ kathaṁ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi—

“The most senior monk should give the expression of appreciation in the dining hall.” “anujānāmi, bhikkhave, therena bhikkhunā bhattagge anumoditun”ti.

Soon afterwards a certain association was offering a meal to the Sangha. Tena kho pana samayena aññatarassa pūgassa saṅghabhattaṁ hoti. Venerable Sāriputta was the most senior monk. Āyasmā sāriputto saṅghatthero hoti. Bhikkhū—Because the Buddha had said the most senior monk should give the expression of appreciation, “bhagavatā anuññātaṁ therena bhikkhunā bhattagge anumoditun”ti—the other monks left, leaving Sāriputta behind by himself. āyasmantaṁ sāriputtaṁ ekakaṁ ohāya pakkamiṁsu. After giving the expression of appreciation, he left by himself. Atha kho āyasmā sāriputto te manusse paṭisammoditvā pacchā ekako agamāsi. The Buddha saw him coming Addasā kho bhagavā āyasmantaṁ sāriputtaṁ dūratova ekakaṁ āgacchantaṁ. and asked, Disvāna āyasmantaṁ sāriputtaṁ etadavoca—“Did the meal go well?” “kacci, sāriputta, bhattaṁ iddhaṁ ahosī”ti?

“The meal went well, sir, “Iddhaṁ kho, bhante, bhattaṁ ahosi; but the monks all left, leaving me behind by myself.” api ca maṁ bhikkhū ekakaṁ ohāya pakkantā”ti. Soon afterwards the Buddha gave a teaching and addressed the monks: Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṁ nidāne etasmiṁ pakaraṇe dhammiṁ kathaṁ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi—

“The four or five most senior monks should wait in the dining hall.” “anujānāmi, bhikkhave, bhattagge catūhi pañcahi therānutherehi bhikkhūhi āgametun”ti.

On one occasion a senior monk who needed to defecate was waiting in the dining hall. Tena kho pana samayena aññataro thero bhattagge vaccito āgamesi. Being unable to hold out, he fainted and fell over. So vaccaṁ sandhāretuṁ asakkonto mucchito papati. They told the Buddha. Bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ.

“When there’s something to be done, I allow you to go after informing the monk next to you.” “Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, sati karaṇīye ānantarikaṁ bhikkhuṁ āpucchitvā gantun”ti.

5. Discussion of the proper conduct in relation to dining halls 5. Bhattaggavattakathā

At that time the monks from the group of six walked to the dining hall shabbily dressed and improper in appearance. Taking a short cut, they walked in front of the senior monks. They sat down encroaching on the senior monks and blocked the junior monks from getting a seat. And they spread out their upper robes and sat on them in inhabited areas. Tena kho pana samayena chabbaggiyā bhikkhū dunnivatthā duppārutā anākappasampannā bhattaggaṁ gacchanti, vokkammapi therānaṁ bhikkhūnaṁ purato purato gacchanti, therepi bhikkhū anupakhajja nisīdanti, navepi bhikkhū āsanena paṭibāhanti, saṅghāṭimpi ottharitvā antaraghare nisīdanti.

The monks of few desires complained and criticized them, Ye te bhikkhū appicchā …pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti—“How can the monks from the group of six act like this?” “kathañhi nāma chabbaggiyā bhikkhū dunnivatthā duppārutā anākappasampannā bhattaggaṁ gacchissanti, vokkammapi therānaṁ bhikkhūnaṁ purato purato gacchissanti, therepi bhikkhū anupakhajja nisīdissanti, navepi bhikkhū āsanenapi paṭibāhissanti, saṅghāṭimpi ottharitvā antaraghare nisīdissantī”ti. They told the Buddha. Soon afterwards he had the Sangha gathered and questioned the monks: Atha kho te bhikkhū bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ …pe… “Is it true, monks, that the monks from the group of six are acting like this?” “saccaṁ kira, bhikkhave, chabbaggiyā bhikkhū dunnivatthā duppārutā anākappasampannā bhattaggaṁ gacchanti, vokkammapi therānaṁ bhikkhūnaṁ purato purato gacchanti, therepi bhikkhū anupakhajja nisīdanti, navepi bhikkhū āsanena paṭibāhanti, saṅghāṭimpi ottharitvā antaraghare nisīdantī”ti? “It’s true, sir.” … “Saccaṁ, bhagavā”ti …pe… After rebuking them … vigarahitvā …pe… the Buddha gave a teaching and addressed the monks: dhammiṁ kathaṁ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi—

“Well then, I’ll lay down the proper conduct in relation to dining halls. “Tena hi, bhikkhave, bhikkhūnaṁ bhattaggavattaṁ paññapessāmi yathā bhikkhūhi bhattagge sammā vattitabbaṁ. In a monastery where the time for departure gets announced, a monk should put on his sarong evenly all around, covering the navel and the knees. He should put on a belt. Putting the upper robes together, overlapping each other edge-to-edge, he should put them on and fasten the toggle. He should rinse his bowl, bring it along, and enter the village carefully and without hurry. Sace ārāme kālo ārocito hoti, timaṇḍalaṁ paṭicchādentena parimaṇḍalaṁ nivāsetvā kāyabandhanaṁ bandhitvā saguṇaṁ katvā saṅghāṭiyo pārupitvā gaṇṭhikaṁ paṭimuñcitvā dhovitvā pattaṁ gahetvā sādhukaṁ ataramānena gāmo pavisitabbo.

He shouldn’t take a short cut and walk in front of the senior monks. Na vokkamma therānaṁ bhikkhūnaṁ purato purato gantabbaṁ. He should be well-covered while walking in inhabited areas; Suppaṭicchannena antaraghare gantabbaṁ. he should be well-restrained while walking in inhabited areas; Susaṁvutena antaraghare gantabbaṁ. he should lower his eyes while walking in inhabited areas; Okkhittacakkhunā antaraghare gantabbaṁ. he shouldn’t lift his robe while walking in inhabited areas; Na ukkhittakāya antaraghare gantabbaṁ. he shouldn’t laugh loudly while walking in inhabited areas; Na ujjagghikāya antaraghare gantabbaṁ. he shouldn’t be noisy while walking in inhabited areas; Appasaddena antaraghare gantabbaṁ. he shouldn’t sway his body while walking in inhabited areas; Na kāyappacālakaṁ antaraghare gantabbaṁ. he shouldn’t swing his arms while walking in inhabited areas; Na bāhuppacālakaṁ antaraghare gantabbaṁ. he shouldn’t sway his head while walking in inhabited areas; Na sīsappacālakaṁ antaraghare gantabbaṁ. he shouldn’t have his hands on his hips while walking in inhabited areas; Na khambhakatena antaraghare gantabbaṁ. he shouldn’t cover his head while walking in inhabited areas; Na oguṇṭhitena antaraghare gantabbaṁ. he shouldn’t move about while squatting on his heels in inhabited areas. Na ukkuṭikāya antaraghare gantabbaṁ.

He should be well-covered while sitting in inhabited areas; Suppaṭicchannena antaraghare nisīditabbaṁ. he should be well-restrained while sitting in inhabited areas; Susaṁvutena antaraghare nisīditabbaṁ. he should lower his eyes while sitting in inhabited areas; Okkhittacakkhunā antaraghare nisīditabbaṁ. he shouldn’t lift his robe while sitting in inhabited areas; Na ukkhittakāya antaraghare nisīditabbaṁ he shouldn’t laugh loudly while sitting in inhabited areas; na ujjagghikāya antaraghare nisīditabbaṁ, he shouldn’t be noisy while sitting in inhabited areas; appasaddena antaraghare nisīditabbaṁ. he shouldn’t sway his body while sitting in inhabited areas; Na kāyappacālakaṁ antaraghare nisīditabbaṁ. he shouldn’t swing his arms while sitting in inhabited areas; Na bāhuppacālakaṁ antaraghare nisīditabbaṁ. he shouldn’t sway his head while sitting in inhabited areas; Na sīsappacālakaṁ antaraghare nisīditabbaṁ. he shouldn’t have his hands on his hips while sitting in inhabited areas; Na khambhakatena antaraghare nisīditabbaṁ. he shouldn’t cover his head while sitting in inhabited areas; Na oguṇṭhitena antaraghare nisīditabbaṁ. he shouldn’t clasp his knees while sitting in inhabited areas. Na pallatthikāya antaraghare nisīditabbaṁ. He shouldn’t sit encroaching on the senior monks Na there bhikkhū anupakhajja nisīditabbaṁ. or block the junior monks from getting a seat. Na navā bhikkhū āsanena paṭibāhitabbā. He shouldn’t spread out his upper robe and sit on it in inhabited areas. Na saṅghāṭiṁ ottharitvā antaraghare nisīditabbaṁ.

When given water, he should receive it while holding his bowl with both hands. Udake diyyamāne ubhohi hatthehi pattaṁ paṭiggahetvā udakaṁ paṭiggahetabbaṁ. Holding the bowl low, he should rinse it carefully without scratching it. Nīcaṁ katvā sādhukaṁ appaṭighaṁsantena patto dhovitabbo. If there’s someone to receive the water, he should hold his bowl low and pour the water into the container, Sace udakappaṭiggāhako hoti, nīcaṁ katvā udakappaṭiggahe udakaṁ āsiñcitabbaṁ—trying to avoid splashing the person receiving the water, the monks sitting nearby, and his upper robe. mā udakappaṭiggāhako udakena osiñci, mā sāmantā bhikkhū udakena osiñciṁsu, mā saṅghāṭi udakena osiñcīti. If there’s no-one to receive the water, he should hold his bowl low and pour the water on the ground, Sace udakappaṭiggāhako na hoti, nīcaṁ katvā chamāya udakaṁ āsiñcitabbaṁ—trying to avoid splashing the monks sitting nearby and his upper robe. mā sāmantā bhikkhū udakena osiñciṁsu, mā saṅghāṭi udakena osiñcīti.

When given rice, he should receive it while holding his bowl with both hands, leaving room for the curry. Odane diyyamāne ubhohi hatthehi pattaṁ paṭiggahetvā odano paṭiggahetabbo, sūpassa okāso kātabbo. If there’s ghee, oil, or special curry, the senior monk should say, Sace hoti sappi vā telaṁ vā uttaribhaṅgaṁ vā, therena vattabbo—‘Everyone gets an equal share.’ ‘sabbesaṁ samakaṁ sampādehī’ti. He should receive the almsfood respectfully; Sakkaccaṁ piṇḍapāto paṭiggahetabbo. he should receive the almsfood with attention on the bowl; Pattasaññinā piṇḍapāto paṭiggahetabbo. he should receive the almsfood with the right proportion of bean curry; Samasūpako piṇḍapāto paṭiggahetabbo. he should receive an even level of almsfood. Samatittiko piṇḍapāto paṭiggahetabbo.

The senior monk shouldn’t start eating until everyone has received rice. Na tāva therena bhuñjitabbaṁ yāva na sabbesaṁ odano sampatto hoti. A monk should eat almsfood respectfully; Sakkaccaṁ piṇḍapāto bhuñjitabbo. he should eat almsfood with attention on the bowl; Pattasaññinā piṇḍapāto bhuñjitabbo. he should eat almsfood in order; Sapadānaṁ piṇḍapāto bhuñjitabbo. he should eat almsfood with the right proportion of bean curry; Samasūpako piṇḍapāto bhuñjitabbo. he shouldn’t eat almsfood after making a heap; Na thūpakato omadditvā piṇḍapāto bhuñjitabbo. he shouldn’t cover his curries with rice because he wants more; Na sūpaṁ vā byañjanaṁ vā odanena paṭicchādetabbaṁ bhiyyokamyataṁ upādāya. when not sick, he shouldn’t request bean curry and rice for himself and then eat it; Na sūpaṁ vā odanaṁ vā agilānena attano atthāya viññāpetvā bhuñjitabbaṁ. he shouldn’t look at another’s almsbowl finding fault; Na ujjhānasaññinā paresaṁ patto oloketabbo. he shouldn’t make mouthfuls that are too large; Nātimahanto kabaḷo kātabbo. he should make rounded mouthfuls; Parimaṇḍalo ālopo kātabbo. he shouldn’t open his mouth without bringing a mouthful to it; Na anāhaṭe kabaḷe mukhadvāraṁ vivaritabbaṁ. he shouldn’t put his whole hand in his mouth while eating; Na bhuñjamānena sabbo hattho mukhe pakkhipitabbo. he shouldn’t speak with food in his mouth; Na sakabaḷena mukhena byāharitabbaṁ. he shouldn’t eat from a lifted ball of food; Na piṇḍukkhepakaṁ bhuñjitabbaṁ. he shouldn’t eat breaking up mouthfuls; Na kabaḷāvacchedakaṁ bhuñjitabbaṁ. he shouldn’t eat stuffing his cheeks; Na avagaṇḍakārakaṁ bhuñjitabbaṁ. he shouldn’t eat shaking his hand; Na hatthaniddhunakaṁ bhuñjitabbaṁ. he shouldn’t eat scattering rice; Na sitthāvakārakaṁ bhuñjitabbaṁ. he shouldn’t eat sticking out his tongue; Na jivhānicchārakaṁ bhuñjitabbaṁ. he shouldn’t make a chomping sound while eating; Na capucapukārakaṁ bhuñjitabbaṁ. he shouldn’t slurp while eating; Na surusurukārakaṁ bhuñjitabbaṁ. he shouldn’t lick his hands while eating; Na hatthanillehakaṁ bhuñjitabbaṁ. he shouldn’t lick his almsbowl while eating; Na pattanillehakaṁ bhuñjitabbaṁ. he shouldn’t lick his lips while eating; Na oṭṭhanillehakaṁ bhuñjitabbaṁ. he shouldn’t receive the drinking-water vessel with a hand soiled with food. Na sāmisena hatthena pānīyathālako paṭiggahetabbo.

The senior monk shouldn’t receive water for washing until all the monks are finished eating. Na tāva therena udakaṁ paṭiggahetabbaṁ yāva na sabbeva bhuttāvino honti. When given water, a monk should receive it while holding his bowl with both hands. Udake diyyamāne ubhohi hatthehi pattaṁ paṭiggahetvā udakaṁ paṭiggahetabbaṁ. Holding the bowl low, he should rinse it carefully without scratching it. Nīcaṁ katvā sādhukaṁ appaṭighaṁsantena patto dhovitabbo. If there’s someone to receive the water, he should hold his bowl low and pour the water into the container, Sace udakappaṭiggāhako hoti, nīcaṁ katvā udakappaṭiggahe udakaṁ āsiñcitabbaṁ—trying to avoid splashing the person receiving the water, the monks sitting nearby, and his upper robe. mā udakappaṭiggāhako udakena osiñci, mā sāmantā bhikkhū udakena osiñciṁsu, mā saṅghāṭi udakena osiñcīti. If there’s no-one to receive the water, he should hold his bowl low and pour the water on the ground, Sace udakappaṭiggāhako na hoti, nīcaṁ katvā chamāya udakaṁ āsiñcitabbaṁ—trying to avoid splashing the monks sitting nearby and his upper robe. mā sāmantā bhikkhū udakena osiñciṁsu, mā saṅghāṭi udakena osiñcīti. He shouldn’t discard bowl-washing water containing rice in inhabited areas. Na sasitthakaṁ pattadhovanaṁ antaraghare chaḍḍetabbaṁ.

When returning, the junior monks should go first and then the senior monks. Nivattantena navakehi bhikkhūhi paṭhamataraṁ nivattitabbaṁ, pacchā therehi. A monk should be well-covered while walking in inhabited areas; Suppaṭicchannena antaraghare gantabbaṁ. he should be well-restrained while walking in inhabited areas; Susaṁvutena antaraghare gantabbaṁ. he should lower his eyes while walking in inhabited areas; Okkhittacakkhunā antaraghare gantabbaṁ. he shouldn’t lift his robe while walking in inhabited areas; Na ukkhittakāya antaraghare gantabbaṁ. he shouldn’t laugh loudly while walking in inhabited areas; Na ujjagghikāya antaraghare gantabbaṁ. he shouldn’t be noisy while walking in inhabited areas; Appasaddena antaraghare gantabbaṁ. he shouldn’t sway his body while walking in inhabited areas; Na kāyappacālakaṁ antaraghare gantabbaṁ. he shouldn’t swing his arms while walking in inhabited areas; Na bāhuppacālakaṁ antaraghare gantabbaṁ. he shouldn’t sway his head while walking in inhabited areas; Na sīsappacālakaṁ antaraghare gantabbaṁ. he shouldn’t have his hands on his hips while walking in inhabited areas; Na khambhakatena antaraghare gantabbaṁ. he shouldn’t cover his head while walking in inhabited areas; Na oguṇṭhitena antaraghare gantabbaṁ. he shouldn’t move about while squatting on his heels in inhabited areas. Na ukkuṭikāya antaraghare gantabbaṁ.

This is the proper conduct in relation to dining halls.” Idaṁ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhūnaṁ bhattaggavattaṁ yathā bhikkhūhi bhattagge sammā vattitabban”ti.

The first section for recitation is finished. Paṭhamabhāṇavāro niṭṭhito.

6. Discussion of the proper conduct for alms collectors 6. Piṇḍacārikavattakathā

At that time there were alms-collecting monks who were shabbily dressed and improper in appearance. They entered and left houses without being attentive, entered and left too hastily, stood too far away or too close, and waited too long or left too soon. Tena kho pana samayena piṇḍacārikā bhikkhū dunnivatthā duppārutā anākappasampannā piṇḍāya caranti, asallakkhetvāpi nivesanaṁ pavisanti, asallakkhetvāpi nikkhamanti, atisahasāpi pavisanti, atisahasāpi nikkhamanti, atidūrepi tiṭṭhanti, accāsannepi tiṭṭhanti, aticirampi tiṭṭhanti, atilahumpi nivattanti.

On one occasion a certain monk entered a house without being attentive. Aññataropi piṇḍacāriko bhikkhu asallakkhetvā nivesanaṁ pāvisi. Thinking it was the main door, he entered a room So ca dvāraṁ maññamāno aññataraṁ ovarakaṁ pāvisi. where a woman was lying naked. Tasmimpi ovarake itthī naggā uttānā nipannā hoti. When he saw her, Addasā kho so bhikkhu taṁ itthiṁ naggaṁ uttānaṁ nipannaṁ. Disvāna—he left the room. “nayidaṁ dvāraṁ, ovarakaṁ idan”ti tamhā ovarakā nikkhami. But when her husband saw her there, Addasā kho tassā itthiyā sāmiko taṁ itthiṁ naggaṁ uttānaṁ nipannaṁ. Disvāna—he thought, “My wife has been raped by this monk,” and he took hold of that monk and gave him a beating. “iminā me bhikkhunā pajāpatī dūsitā”ti taṁ bhikkhuṁ gahetvā ākoṭesi. The woman woke up from the commotion and asked her husband, Atha kho sā itthī tena saddena paṭibujjhitvā taṁ purisaṁ etadavoca—“Why are you beating this monk?” “kissa tvaṁ, ayya, imaṁ bhikkhuṁ ākoṭesī”ti?

“Didn’t he rape you?” “Imināsi tvaṁ bhikkhunā dūsitā”ti?

“No he didn’t. “Nāhaṁ, ayya, iminā bhikkhunā dūsitā; He’s innocent.” And she had him release that monk. akārako so bhikkhū”ti taṁ bhikkhuṁ muñcāpesi. The monk then returned to the monastery and told the monks what had happened. Atha kho so bhikkhu ārāmaṁ gantvā bhikkhūnaṁ etamatthaṁ ārocesi.

The monks of few desires complained and criticized him, Ye te bhikkhū appicchā …pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti—“How can the alms-collecting monks act like this?” “kathañhi nāma piṇḍacārikā bhikkhū dunnivatthā duppārutā anākappasampannā piṇḍāya carissanti, asallakkhetvāpi nivesanaṁ pavisissanti, asallakkhetvāpi nikkhamissanti, atisahasāpi pavisissanti, atisahasāpi nikkhamissanti, atidūrepi tiṭṭhissanti, accāsannepi tiṭṭhissanti, aticirampi tiṭṭhissanti, atilahumpi nivattissantī”ti. They told the Buddha. Soon afterwards he had the Sangha gathered and questioned the monks: Atha kho te bhikkhū bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ …pe… “Is it true, monks, that the alms-collecting monks are acting like this?” “saccaṁ kira, bhikkhave …pe… “It’s true, sir.” … “saccaṁ, bhagavā”ti …pe… After rebuking them … vigarahitvā …pe… the Buddha gave a teaching and addressed the monks: dhammiṁ kathaṁ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi—

“Well then, I’ll lay down the proper conduct for alms-collecting monks. “Tena hi, bhikkhave, piṇḍacārikānaṁ bhikkhūnaṁ vattaṁ paññapessāmi yathā piṇḍacārikehi bhikkhūhi sammā vattitabbaṁ. When an alms-collecting monk is about to enter the village, Piṇḍacārikena, bhikkhave, bhikkhunā—he should put on his sarong evenly all around, covering the navel and the knees. He should put on a belt. Putting the upper robes together, overlapping each other edge-to-edge, he should put them on and fasten the toggle. He should rinse his bowl, bring it along, and enter the village carefully and without hurry. ‘idāni gāmaṁ pavisissāmī’ti timaṇḍalaṁ paṭicchādentena parimaṇḍalaṁ nivāsetvā kāyabandhanaṁ bandhitvā saguṇaṁ katvā saṅghāṭiyo pārupitvā gaṇṭhikaṁ paṭimuñcitvā dhovitvā pattaṁ gahetvā sādhukaṁ ataramānena gāmo pavisitabbo.

He should be well-covered while walking in an inhabited areas; Suppaṭicchannena antaraghare gantabbaṁ. he should be well-restrained while walking in inhabited areas; Susaṁvutena antaraghare gantabbaṁ. he should lower his eyes while walking in inhabited areas; Okkhittacakkhunā antaraghare gantabbaṁ. he shouldn’t lift his robe while walking in inhabited areas; Na ukkhittakāya antaraghare gantabbaṁ. he shouldn’t laugh loudly while walking in inhabited areas; Na ujjagghikāya antaraghare gantabbaṁ. he shouldn’t be noisy while walking in inhabited areas; Appasaddena antaraghare gantabbaṁ. he shouldn’t sway his body while walking in inhabited areas; Na kāyappacālakaṁ antaraghare gantabbaṁ. he shouldn’t swing his arms while walking in inhabited areas; Na bāhuppacālakaṁ antaraghare gantabbaṁ. he shouldn’t sway his head while walking in inhabited areas; Na sīsappacālakaṁ antaraghare gantabbaṁ. he shouldn’t have his hands on his hips while walking in inhabited areas; Na khambhakatena antaraghare gantabbaṁ. he shouldn’t cover his head while walking in inhabited areas; Na oguṇṭhitena antaraghare gantabbaṁ. he shouldn’t move about while squatting on his heels in inhabited areas. Na ukkuṭikāya antaraghare gantabbaṁ.

When entering a house, Nivesanaṁ pavisantena sallakkhetabbaṁ—he should be attentive to where to enter and where to leave. ‘iminā pavisissāmi, iminā nikkhamissāmī’ti. He shouldn’t enter Nātisahasā pavisitabbaṁ. or leave too hastily, Nātisahasā nikkhamitabbaṁ. stand too far away Nātidūre ṭhātabbaṁ. or too close, Nāccāsanne ṭhātabbaṁ. or wait too long Nāticiraṁ ṭhātabbaṁ. or leave too soon. Nātilahuṁ nivattitabbaṁ. While waiting, Ṭhitakena sallakkhetabbaṁ—he should be attentive to whether they wish to give alms or not. ‘bhikkhaṁ dātukāmā vā adātukāmā vā’ti. If they put down their work, get up from their seat, take hold of a serving spoon or a vessel, or they tell him to wait, then he should assume they wish to give, and he should wait. Sace kammaṁ vā nikkhipati, āsanā vā vuṭṭhāti, kaṭacchuṁ vā parāmasati, bhājanaṁ vā parāmasati, ṭhapeti vā—dātukāmassāti ṭhātabbaṁ. When they give him almsfood, he should lift his upper robe with his left hand, stretch out his bowl with his right hand, and receive the alms while holding the bowl with both hands. Bhikkhāya diyyamānāya vāmena hatthena saṅghāṭiṁ uccāretvā dakkhiṇena hatthena pattaṁ paṇāmetvā ubhohi hatthehi pattaṁ paṭiggahetvā bhikkhā paṭiggahetabbā. He shouldn’t look the donor in the face. Na ca bhikkhādāyikāya mukhaṁ ulloketabbaṁ. He should be attentive Sallakkhetabbaṁ—to whether they wish to give curry or not. ‘sūpaṁ dātukāmā vā adātukāmā vā’ti. If they take hold of a serving spoon or a vessel, or they tell him to wait, Sace kaṭacchuṁ vā parāmasati, bhājanaṁ vā parāmasati, ṭhapeti vā—then he should assume they wish to give, and he should wait. dātukāmassāti ṭhātabbaṁ. When they have given alms, he should cover the bowl with his upper robe, and leave carefully and without hurry. Bhikkhāya dinnāya saṅghāṭiyā pattaṁ paṭicchādetvā sādhukaṁ ataramānena nivattitabbaṁ.

He should be well-covered while walking in inhabited areas; Suppaṭicchannena antaraghare gantabbaṁ. he should be well-restrained while walking in inhabited areas; Susaṁvutena antaraghare gantabbaṁ. he should lower his eyes while walking in inhabited areas; Okkhittacakkhunā antaraghare gantabbaṁ. he shouldn’t lift his robe while walking in inhabited areas; Na ukkhittakāya antaraghare gantabbaṁ. he shouldn’t laugh loudly while walking in inhabited areas; Na ujjagghikāya antaraghare gantabbaṁ. he shouldn’t be noisy while walking in inhabited areas; Appasaddena antaraghare gantabbaṁ. he shouldn’t sway his body while walking in inhabited areas; Na kāyappacālakaṁ antaraghare gantabbaṁ. he shouldn’t swing his arms while walking in inhabited areas; Na bāhuppacālakaṁ antaraghare gantabbaṁ. he shouldn’t sway his head while walking in inhabited areas; Na sīsappacālakaṁ antaraghare gantabbaṁ. he shouldn’t have his hands on his hips while walking in inhabited areas; Na khambhakatena antaraghare gantabbaṁ. he shouldn’t cover his head while walking in inhabited areas; Na oguṇṭhitena antaraghare gantabbaṁ. he shouldn’t move about while squatting on his heels in inhabited areas. Na ukkuṭikāya antaraghare gantabbaṁ.

Whoever returns first from almsround in the village should prepare the seats and set out a foot stool, a foot scraper, and water for washing the feet. He should wash the bowl for leftovers and put it back out, and set out water for drinking and water for washing. Yo paṭhamaṁ gāmato piṇḍāya paṭikkamati, tena āsanaṁ paññapetabbaṁ, pādodakaṁ pādapīṭhaṁ pādakathalikaṁ upanikkhipitabbaṁ, avakkārapāti dhovitvā upaṭṭhāpetabbā, pānīyaṁ paribhojanīyaṁ upaṭṭhāpetabbaṁ.

Whoever returns last from almsround may eat whatever is left over, Yo pacchā gāmato piṇḍāya paṭikkamati, sace hoti bhuttāvaseso, sace ākaṅkhati, bhuñjitabbaṁ. or he should discard it where there are no cultivated plants or in water without life. No ce ākaṅkhati, appaharite vā chaḍḍetabbaṁ, appāṇake vā udake opilāpetabbaṁ. He should put away the seats and also the foot stool, the foot scraper, and the water for washing the feet. He should wash the bowl for leftovers and put it away, put away the water for drinking and the water for washing, and sweep the dining hall. Tena āsanaṁ uddharitabbaṁ, pādodakaṁ pādapīṭhaṁ pādakathalikaṁ paṭisāmetabbaṁ, avakkārapāti dhovitvā paṭisāmetabbā, pānīyaṁ paribhojanīyaṁ paṭisāmetabbaṁ, bhattaggaṁ sammajjitabbaṁ.

Whoever sees that the pot for drinking water, the pot for washing water, or the restroom pot is empty should fill it. Yo passati pānīyaghaṭaṁ vā paribhojanīyaghaṭaṁ vā vaccaghaṭaṁ vā rittaṁ tucchaṁ tena upaṭṭhāpetabbaṁ. If he can’t do it by himself, he should call someone over by hand signal and they should fill it together. He shouldn’t speak because of that. Sacassa hoti avisayhaṁ, hatthavikārena dutiyaṁ āmantetvā hatthavilaṅghakena upaṭṭhāpetabbaṁ, na ca tappaccayā vācā bhinditabbā.

This is the proper conduct for alms collectors.” Idaṁ kho, bhikkhave, piṇḍacārikānaṁ bhikkhūnaṁ vattaṁ yathā piṇḍacārikehi bhikkhūhi sammā vattitabban”ti.

7. Discussion of the proper conduct for those staying in the wilderness 7. Āraññikavattakathā

At that time there was a number of monks staying in the wilderness. Tena kho pana samayena sambahulā bhikkhū araññe viharanti. They did not set out water for drinking or water for washing, did not light fires or provide fire-making implements, and did not know the constellations or the regions. Te neva pānīyaṁ upaṭṭhāpenti, na paribhojanīyaṁ upaṭṭhāpenti, na aggiṁ upaṭṭhāpenti, na araṇisahitaṁ upaṭṭhāpenti, na nakkhattapadāni jānanti, na disābhāgaṁ jānanti.

Criminals went to that place and asked the monks, Corā tattha gantvā te bhikkhū etadavocuṁ—“Sir, is there any water for drinking?” —“atthi, bhante, pānīyan”ti? “No, there isn’t.” —“Natthāvuso”ti. “Is there any water for washing?” —“Atthi, bhante, paribhojanīyan”ti? “No.” —“Natthāvuso”ti. “Is there any fire?” —“Atthi, bhante, aggī”ti? “No.” —“Natthāvuso”ti. “Are there any fire-making implements?” —“Atthi, bhante, araṇisahitan”ti? “No.” —“Natthāvuso”ti. “Which constellation is the moon in today?” —(…) “Kenajja, bhante, yuttan”ti? “We don’t know.” —“Na kho mayaṁ, āvuso, jānāmā”ti. “Which region is this?” —“Katamāyaṁ, bhante, disā”ti? “We don’t know.” “Na kho mayaṁ, āvuso, jānāmā”ti. Thinking, Atha kho te corā—“nevimesaṁ pānīyaṁ atthi, na paribhojanīyaṁ atthi, na aggi atthi, na araṇisahitaṁ atthi, na nakkhattapadāni jānanti, na disābhāgaṁ jānanti; “They’re not monks; they’re criminals,” corā ime, nayime bhikkhū”ti—they beat them up and left. ākoṭetvā pakkamiṁsu.

The monks told other monks what had happened Atha kho te bhikkhū bhikkhūnaṁ etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ. and they in turn told the Buddha. Bhikkhū bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ. Soon afterwards the Buddha gave a teaching and addressed the monks: Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṁ nidāne etasmiṁ pakaraṇe dhammiṁ kathaṁ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi—

“Well then, I’ll lay down the proper conduct for monks staying in the wilderness. “Tena hi, bhikkhave, āraññikānaṁ bhikkhūnaṁ vattaṁ paññapessāmi yathā āraññikehi bhikkhūhi sammā vattitabbaṁ. After getting up early in the morning, a monk who is staying in the wilderness should put his bowl in its bag, hang it from his shoulder, put his robe over his shoulders, put on his sandals, put the wooden and ceramic goods in order, close the door and windows, and come down from his dwelling. Āraññikena, bhikkhave, bhikkhunā kālasseva uṭṭhāya pattaṁ thavikāya pakkhipitvā aṁse ālaggetvā cīvaraṁ khandhe karitvā upāhanā ārohitvā dārubhaṇḍaṁ mattikābhaṇḍaṁ paṭisāmetvā dvāravātapānaṁ thaketvā senāsanā otaritabbaṁ—

When he’s about to enter the village, idāni gāmaṁ pavisissāmīti. he should remove his sandals, hold them low and knock them together. He should put them in a bag, which he should hang from his shoulder. He should put on his sarong evenly all around, covering the navel and the knees, and he should put on a belt. Putting the upper robes together, overlapping each other edge-to-edge, he should put them on and fasten the toggle. He should rinse his bowl, bring it along, and enter the village carefully and without hurry. Upāhanā omuñcitvā nīcaṁ katvā papphoṭetvā thavikāya pakkhipitvā aṁse ālaggetvā timaṇḍalaṁ paṭicchādentena parimaṇḍalaṁ nivāsetvā kāyabandhanaṁ bandhitvā saguṇaṁ katvā saṅghāṭiyo pārupitvā gaṇṭhikaṁ paṭimuñcitvā dhovitvā pattaṁ gahetvā sādhukaṁ ataramānena gāmo pavisitabbo.

He should be well-covered while walking in inhabited areas; he should be well-restrained while walking in inhabited areas; he should lower his eyes while walking in inhabited areas; he shouldn’t lift his robe while walking in inhabited areas; he shouldn’t laugh loudly while walking in inhabited areas; he shouldn’t be noisy while walking in inhabited areas; he shouldn’t sway his body while walking in inhabited areas; he shouldn’t swing his arms while walking in inhabited areas; he shouldn’t sway his head while walking in inhabited areas; Suppaṭicchannena antaraghare gantabbaṁ …pe… he shouldn’t have his hands on his hips while walking in inhabited areas; na khambhakatena antaraghare gantabbaṁ. he shouldn’t cover his head while walking in inhabited areas; Na oguṇṭhitena antaraghare gantabbaṁ. he shouldn’t move about while squatting on his heels in inhabited areas. Na ukkuṭikāya antaraghare gantabbaṁ.

When entering a house, Nivesanaṁ pavisantena sallakkhetabbaṁ—he should be attentive to where to enter and where to leave. ‘iminā pavisissāmi, iminā nikkhamissāmī’ti. He shouldn’t enter Nātisahasā pavisitabbaṁ. or leave too hastily, Nātisahasā nikkhamitabbaṁ. stand too far away Nātidūre ṭhātabbaṁ. or too close, Nāccāsanne ṭhātabbaṁ. or wait too long Nāticiraṁ ṭhātabbaṁ. or leave too soon. Nātilahuṁ nivattitabbaṁ. While waiting, Ṭhitakena sallakkhetabbaṁ—he should be attentive to whether they wish to give alms or not. ‘bhikkhaṁ dātukāmā vā adātukāmā vā’ti. If they put down their work, get up from their seat, take hold of a serving spoon or a vessel, or they tell him to wait, Sace kammaṁ vā nikkhipati, āsanā vā vuṭṭhāti, kaṭacchuṁ vā parāmasati, bhājanaṁ vā parāmasati, ṭhapeti vā—then he should assume they wish to give, and he should wait. dātukāmassāti ṭhātabbaṁ. When they give him almsfood, he should lift his upper robe with his left hand, stretch out his bowl with his right hand, and receive the alms while holding the bowl with both hands. Bhikkhāya diyyamānāya vāmena hatthena saṅghāṭiṁ uccāretvā dakkhiṇena hatthena pattaṁ paṇāmetvā ubhohi hatthehi pattaṁ paṭiggahetvā bhikkhā paṭiggahetabbā. He shouldn’t look the donor in the face. Na ca bhikkhādāyikāya mukhaṁ ulloketabbaṁ. He should be attentive Sallakkhetabbaṁ—to whether they wish to give curry or not. ‘sūpaṁ dātukāmā vā adātukāmā vā’ti. If they take hold of a serving spoon or a vessel, or they tell him to wait, Sace kaṭacchuṁ vā parāmasati, bhājanaṁ vā parāmasati, ṭhapeti vā—then he should assume they wish to give, and he should wait. dātukāmassāti ṭhātabbaṁ. When they have given alms, he should cover the bowl with his upper robe, and return carefully and without hurry. Bhikkhāya dinnāya saṅghāṭiyā pattaṁ paṭicchādetvā sādhukaṁ ataramānena nivattitabbaṁ.

He should be well-covered while walking in inhabited areas; he should be well-restrained while walking in inhabited areas; he should lower his eyes while walking in inhabited areas; he shouldn’t lift his robe while walking in inhabited areas; he shouldn’t laugh loudly while walking in inhabited areas; he shouldn’t be noisy while walking in inhabited areas; he shouldn’t sway his body while walking in inhabited areas; he shouldn’t swing his arms while walking in inhabited areas; he shouldn’t sway his head while walking in inhabited areas; he shouldn’t have his hands on his hips while walking in inhabited areas; he shouldn’t cover his head while walking in inhabited areas; Suppaṭicchannena antaraghare gantabbaṁ …pe… he shouldn’t move about while squatting on his heels in inhabited areas. na ukkuṭikāya antaraghare gantabbaṁ. When he has left the village, he should put his bowl in its bag and hang it from his shoulder, fold up his robe and put it on his head, and put on his sandals and go. Gāmato nikkhamitvā pattaṁ thavikāya pakkhipitvā aṁse ālaggetvā cīvaraṁ saṅgharitvā sīse karitvā upāhanā ārohitvā gantabbaṁ.

A monk who is staying in the wilderness should set out water for drinking and water for washing, should light a fire and provide fire-making implements, should provide a walking stick, and should learn the constellations—Āraññikena, bhikkhave, bhikkhunā pānīyaṁ upaṭṭhāpetabbaṁ, paribhojanīyaṁ upaṭṭhāpetabbaṁ, aggi upaṭṭhāpetabbo, araṇisahitaṁ upaṭṭhāpetabbaṁ, kattaradaṇḍo upaṭṭhāpetabbo, nakkhattapadāni uggahetabbāni—either all of them or a portion—and become skilled in the regions. sakalāni vā ekadesāni vā, disākusalena bhavitabbaṁ.

This is the proper conduct for those staying in the wilderness.” Idaṁ kho, bhikkhave, āraññikānaṁ bhikkhūnaṁ vattaṁ yathā āraññikehi bhikkhūhi sammā vattitabban”ti.

8. Discussion of the proper conduct in regard to dwellings 8. Senāsanavattakathā

On one occasion when a number of monks were making robes outside, Tena kho pana samayena sambahulā bhikkhū ajjhokāse cīvarakammaṁ karonti. the monks from the group of six were beating furniture in an open space upwind from them. Chabbaggiyā bhikkhū paṭivāte aṅgaṇe senāsanaṁ papphoṭesuṁ. The robe-making monks became dusty. Bhikkhū rajena okiriṁsu.

The monks of few desires complained and criticized them, Ye te bhikkhū appicchā …pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti—“How can the monks from the group of six do this?” “kathañhi nāma chabbaggiyā bhikkhū paṭivāte aṅgaṇe senāsanaṁ papphoṭessanti. Bhikkhū rajena okiriṁsū”ti.

They told the Buddha. Soon afterwards he had the Sangha gathered and questioned the monks: Atha kho te bhikkhū bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ …pe… “Is it true, monks, that the monks from the group of six did this?” “saccaṁ kira, bhikkhave, chabbaggiyā bhikkhū paṭivāte aṅgaṇe senāsanaṁ papphoṭenti, bhikkhū rajena okiriṁsū”ti? “It’s true, sir.” … “Saccaṁ, bhagavā”ti …pe… After rebuking them … vigarahitvā …pe… the Buddha gave a teaching and addressed the monks: dhammiṁ kathaṁ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi—

“Well then, I’ll lay down the proper conduct in regard to dwellings. “Tena hi, bhikkhave, bhikkhūnaṁ senāsanavattaṁ paññapessāmi yathā bhikkhūhi senāsane sammā vattitabbaṁ. If the dwelling he’s staying in is dirty, a monk should clean it if he’s able. Yasmiṁ vihāre viharati, sace so vihāro uklāpo hoti, sace ussahati, sodhetabbo. When he’s cleaning the dwelling, he should first take out the bowl and robe and put them aside. Vihāraṁ sodhentena paṭhamaṁ pattacīvaraṁ nīharitvā ekamantaṁ nikkhipitabbaṁ; He should take out the sitting mat and the sheet and put them aside. nisīdanapaccattharaṇaṁ nīharitvā ekamantaṁ nikkhipitabbaṁ; He should take out the mattress and the pillow and put them aside. bhisibibbohanaṁ nīharitvā ekamantaṁ nikkhipitabbaṁ; Holding the bed low, he should carefully take it out without scratching it or knocking it against the door or the door frame, and he should put it aside. mañco nīcaṁ katvā sādhukaṁ appaṭighaṁsantena, asaṅghaṭṭentena kavāṭapiṭṭhaṁ, nīharitvā ekamantaṁ nikkhipitabbo; Holding the bench low, he should carefully take it out without scratching it or knocking it against the door or the door frame, and he should put it aside. pīṭhaṁ nīcaṁ katvā sādhukaṁ appaṭighaṁsantena, asaṅghaṭṭentena kavāṭapiṭṭhaṁ, nīharitvā ekamantaṁ nikkhipitabbaṁ; He should take out the bed supports and put them aside. mañcapaṭipādakā nīharitvā ekamantaṁ nikkhipitabbā; He should take out the spittoon and put it aside. kheḷamallako nīharitvā ekamantaṁ nikkhipitabbo; He should take out the leaning board and put it aside. apassenaphalakaṁ nīharitvā ekamantaṁ nikkhipitabbaṁ; After taking note of its position, he should take out the floor cover and put it aside. bhummattharaṇaṁ yathāpaññattaṁ sallakkhetvā nīharitvā ekamantaṁ nikkhipitabbaṁ. If the dwelling has cobwebs, he should first remove them from the ceiling cloth, and he should then wipe the windows and the corners of the room. Sace vihāre santānakaṁ hoti, ullokā paṭhamaṁ ohāretabbaṁ, ālokasandhikaṇṇabhāgā pamajjitabbā. If the walls have been treated with red ocher and they’re moldy, he should moisten a cloth, wring it out, and wipe the walls. Sace gerukaparikammakatā bhitti kaṇṇakitā hoti, coḷakaṁ temetvā pīḷetvā pamajjitabbā. If the floor has been treated with a black finish and it’s moldy, he should moisten a cloth, wring it out, and wipe the floor. Sace kāḷavaṇṇakatā bhūmi kaṇṇakitā hoti, coḷakaṁ temetvā pīḷetvā pamajjitabbā. If the floor is untreated, he should sprinkle it with water and then sweep it, Sace akatā hoti bhūmi, udakena paripphositvā paripphositvā sammajjitabbā—trying to avoid stirring up dust. mā vihāro rajena uhaññīti. He should look out for any trash and discard it. Saṅkāraṁ vicinitvā ekamantaṁ chaḍḍetabbaṁ.

He shouldn’t beat the furniture near other monks, Na bhikkhusāmantā senāsanaṁ papphoṭetabbaṁ. near other dwellings, Na vihārasāmantā senāsanaṁ papphoṭetabbaṁ. near water for drinking, Na pānīyasāmantā senāsanaṁ papphoṭetabbaṁ. or near water for washing. Na paribhojanīyasāmantā senāsanaṁ papphoṭetabbaṁ. He shouldn’t beat the furniture in an open area upwind from these things, Na paṭivāte aṅgaṇe senāsanaṁ papphoṭetabbaṁ. but downwind from them. Adhovāte senāsanaṁ papphoṭetabbaṁ.

He should sun the floor cover, clean it, beat it, bring it back inside, and put it back as before. Bhummattharaṇaṁ ekamantaṁ otāpetvā sodhetvā papphoṭetvā atiharitvā yathāpaññattaṁ paññapetabbaṁ. He should sun the bed supports, wipe them, bring them back inside, and put them back where they were. Mañcapaṭipādakā ekamantaṁ otāpetvā pamajjitvā atiharitvā yathāṭhāne ṭhapetabbā. He should sun the bed, clean it, and beat it. Holding it low, he should carefully bring it back inside without scratching it or knocking it against the door or the door frame, and he should put it back as before. Mañco ekamantaṁ otāpetvā sodhetvā papphoṭetvā nīcaṁ katvā sādhukaṁ appaṭighaṁsantena, asaṅghaṭṭentena kavāṭapiṭṭhaṁ, atiharitvā yathāpaññattaṁ paññapetabbo. He should sun the bench, clean it, and beat it. Holding it low, he should carefully bring it back inside without scratching it or knocking it against the door or the door frame, and he should put it back as before. Pīṭhaṁ ekamantaṁ otāpetvā sodhetvā papphoṭetvā nīcaṁ katvā sādhukaṁ appaṭighaṁsantena, asaṅghaṭṭentena kavāṭapiṭṭhaṁ, atiharitvā yathāpaññattaṁ paññapetabbaṁ. He should sun the mattress and the pillow, clean them, beat them, bring them back inside, and put them back as before. Bhisibibbohanaṁ ekamantaṁ otāpetvā sodhetvā papphoṭetvā atiharitvā yathāpaññattaṁ paññapetabbaṁ. He should sun the sitting mat and the sheet, clean them, beat them, bring them back inside, and put them back as before. Nisīdanapaccattharaṇaṁ ekamantaṁ otāpetvā sodhetvā papphoṭetvā atiharitvā yathāpaññattaṁ paññapetabbaṁ. He should sun the spittoon, wipe it, bring it back inside, and put it back where it was. Kheḷamallako ekamantaṁ otāpetvā pamajjitvā atiharitvā yathāṭhāne ṭhapetabbo. He should sun the leaning board, wipe it, bring it back inside, and put it back where it was. Apassenaphalakaṁ ekamantaṁ otāpetvā pamajjitvā atiharitvā yathāṭhāne ṭhapetabbaṁ. He should put away the bowl and robe. Pattacīvaraṁ nikkhipitabbaṁ. When putting away the bowl, he should hold the bowl in one hand, feel under the bed or the bench with the other, and then put it away. Pattaṁ nikkhipantena ekena hatthena pattaṁ gahetvā ekena hatthena heṭṭhāmañcaṁ vā heṭṭhāpīṭhaṁ vā parāmasitvā patto nikkhipitabbo. He shouldn’t put the bowl away on the bare floor. Na ca anantarahitāya bhūmiyā patto nikkhipitabbo. When putting away the robe, he should hold the robe in one hand, wipe the bamboo robe rack or the clothesline with the other, and then put it away by folding the robe over it, making the ends face the wall and the fold face out. Cīvaraṁ nikkhipantena ekena hatthena cīvaraṁ gahetvā ekena hatthena cīvaravaṁsaṁ vā cīvararajjuṁ vā pamajjitvā pārato antaṁ orato bhogaṁ katvā cīvaraṁ nikkhipitabbaṁ.

If dusty winds are blowing from the east, he should close the windows on the eastern side. Sace puratthimā sarajā vātā vāyanti, puratthimā vātapānā thaketabbā. If dusty winds are blowing from the west, he should close the windows on the western side. Sace pacchimā sarajā vātā vāyanti, pacchimā vātapānā thaketabbā. If dusty winds are blowing from the north, he should close the windows on the northern side. Sace uttarā sarajā vātā vāyanti uttarā vātapānā thaketabbā. If dusty winds are blowing from the south, he should close the windows on the southern side. Sace dakkhiṇā sarajā vātā vāyanti, dakkhiṇā vātapānā thaketabbā. If the weather is cold, he should open the windows during the day and close them at night. Sace sītakālo hoti, divā vātapānā vivaritabbā, rattiṁ thaketabbā. If the weather is hot, he should close the windows during the day and open them at night. Sace uṇhakālo hoti, divā vātapānā thaketabbā, rattiṁ vivaritabbā.

If the yard is dirty, he should sweep it. Sace pariveṇaṁ uklāpaṁ hoti, pariveṇaṁ sammajjitabbaṁ. If the gatehouse is dirty, he should sweep it. Sace koṭṭhako uklāpo hoti, koṭṭhako sammajjitabbo. If the assembly hall is dirty, he should sweep it. Sace upaṭṭhānasālā uklāpā hoti, upaṭṭhānasālā sammajjitabbā. If the water-boiling shed is dirty, he should sweep it. Sace aggisālā uklāpā hoti, aggisālā sammajjitabbā. If the restroom is dirty, he should sweep it. Sace vaccakuṭi uklāpā hoti, vaccakuṭi sammajjitabbā. If there’s no water for drinking, he should get some. Sace pānīyaṁ na hoti, pānīyaṁ upaṭṭhāpetabbaṁ. If there’s no water for washing, he should get some. Sace paribhojanīyaṁ na hoti, paribhojanīyaṁ upaṭṭhāpetabbaṁ. If there’s no water in the restroom ablutions pot, he should fill it. Sace ācamanakumbhiyā udakaṁ na hoti, ācamanakumbhiyā udakaṁ āsiñcitabbaṁ.

If he’s staying in the same dwelling as a more senior monk, he shouldn’t do any of the following without asking him for permission: recite, question, rehearse, teach, turn a lamp on or off, or open or close a window. Sace vuḍḍhena saddhiṁ ekavihāre viharati, na vuḍḍhaṁ anāpucchā uddeso dātabbo, na paripucchā dātabbā, na sajjhāyo kātabbo, na dhammo bhāsitabbo, na padīpo kātabbo, na padīpo vijjhāpetabbo, na vātapānā vivaritabbā, na vātapānā thaketabbā. If he’s doing walking meditation on the same walking path as a more senior monk, they should turn around according to seniority, but he shouldn’t touch the senior monk with the corner of his robe. Sace vuḍḍhena saddhiṁ ekacaṅkame caṅkamati, yena vuḍḍho tena parivattitabbaṁ, na ca vuḍḍho saṅghāṭikaṇṇena ghaṭṭetabbo.

This is the proper conduct in regard to dwellings.” Idaṁ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhūnaṁ senāsanavattaṁ yathā bhikkhūhi senāsane sammā vattitabban”ti.

9. Discussion of the proper conduct in regard to saunas 9. Jantāgharavattakathā

On one occasion the monks from the group of six were kept out of the sauna by the senior monks. Then, out of disrespect, they stacked up much firewood, lit it, closed the door, and sat down against it. Tena kho pana samayena chabbaggiyā bhikkhū jantāghare therehi bhikkhūhi nivāriyamānā anādariyaṁ paṭicca pahūtaṁ kaṭṭhaṁ āropetvā aggiṁ datvā dvāraṁ thaketvā dvāre nisīdanti. The monks overheated, but being unable to open the door, they fainted and collapsed. Bhikkhū uṇhābhitattā dvāraṁ alabhamānā mucchitā papatanti.

The monks of few desires complained and criticized them, Ye te bhikkhū appicchā …pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti—“How can the monks from the group of six do this?” “kathañhi nāma chabbaggiyā bhikkhū jantāghare therehi bhikkhūhi nivāriyamānā anādariyaṁ paṭicca pahūtaṁ kaṭṭhaṁ āropetvā aggiṁ datvā dvāraṁ thaketvā dvāre nisīdissanti. Bhikkhū uṇhābhitattā dvāraṁ alabhamānā mucchitā papatantī”ti. They told the Buddha. Soon afterwards he had the Sangha gathered and questioned the monks: Atha kho te bhikkhū bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ …pe… “Is it true, monks, that the monks from the group of six did this?” “saccaṁ kira, bhikkhave, chabbaggiyā bhikkhū jantāghare therehi bhikkhūhi nivāriyamānā anādariyaṁ paṭicca pahūtaṁ kaṭṭhaṁ āropetvā aggiṁ datvā dvāraṁ thaketvā dvāre nisīdanti; bhikkhū uṇhābhitattā dvāraṁ alabhamānā mucchitā papatantī”ti? “It’s true, sir.” … “Saccaṁ, bhagavā”ti …pe… After rebuking them … vigarahitvā …pe… the Buddha gave a teaching and addressed the monks: dhammiṁ kathaṁ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi—

“If you’re kept out of the sauna by senior monks, you shouldn’t, out of disrespect, stack up much firewood and light it. “na, bhikkhave, jantāghare therena bhikkhunā nivāriyamānena anādariyaṁ paṭicca pahūtaṁ kaṭṭhaṁ āropetvā aggi dātabbo. If you do, you commit an offense of wrong conduct. Yo dadeyya, āpatti dukkaṭassa.

And you shouldn’t close the door and sit down against it. Na, bhikkhave, dvāraṁ thaketvā dvāre nisīditabbaṁ. If you do, you commit an offense of wrong conduct. Yo nisīdeyya, āpatti dukkaṭassa.

Well then, I’ll lay down the proper conduct in regard to saunas. Tena hi, bhikkhave, bhikkhūnaṁ jantāgharavattaṁ paññapessāmi yathā bhikkhūhi jantāghare sammā vattitabbaṁ. The monk who goes first to the sauna should discard any ashes that are building up. Yo paṭhamaṁ jantāgharaṁ gacchati, sace chārikā ussannā hoti, chārikā chaḍḍetabbā. If the sauna is dirty, he should sweep it. Sace jantāgharaṁ uklāpaṁ hoti, jantāgharaṁ sammajjitabbaṁ. If the area surrounding the sauna is dirty, he should sweep it. Sace paribhaṇḍaṁ uklāpaṁ hoti, paribhaṇḍaṁ sammajjitabbaṁ. If the yard is dirty, he should sweep it. Sace pariveṇaṁ uklāpaṁ hoti, pariveṇaṁ sammajjitabbaṁ. If the gatehouse is dirty, he should sweep it. Sace koṭṭhako uklāpo hoti, koṭṭhako sammajjitabbo. If the sauna shed is dirty, he should sweep it. Sace jantāgharasālā uklāpā hoti, jantāgharasālā sammajjitabbā.

He should knead bath powder, moisten the clay, and fill the water trough with water. Cuṇṇaṁ sannetabbaṁ, mattikā temetabbā, udakadoṇikāya udakaṁ āsiñcitabbaṁ. When entering the sauna, he should smear his face with clay, cover himself front and back, and then enter. Jantāgharaṁ pavisantena mattikāya mukhaṁ makkhetvā purato ca pacchato ca paṭicchādetvā jantāgharaṁ pavisitabbaṁ. He shouldn’t sit encroaching on the senior monks, Na there bhikkhū anupakhajja nisīditabbaṁ. or block the junior monks from getting a seat. Na navā bhikkhū āsanena paṭibāhitabbā. If he’s able, he should provide assistance to the senior monks in the sauna. Sace ussahati, jantāghare therānaṁ bhikkhūnaṁ parikammaṁ kātabbaṁ. When leaving the sauna, he should take the sauna bench, cover himself front and back, and then leave. Jantāgharā nikkhamantena jantāgharapīṭhaṁ ādāya purato ca pacchato ca paṭicchādetvā jantāgharā nikkhamitabbaṁ.

If he’s able, he should also provide assistance to the senior monks in the water. Sace ussahati, udakepi therānaṁ bhikkhūnaṁ parikammaṁ kātabbaṁ. He shouldn’t bathe in front of the senior monks or upstream from them. Na therānaṁ bhikkhūnaṁ puratopi nahāyitabbaṁ, na uparitopi nahāyitabbaṁ. When he’s coming out of the water after bathing, he should give way to those who are entering the water. Nahātena uttarantena otarantānaṁ maggo dātabbo.

If the sauna is muddy, the last monk to leave it should clean it. Yo pacchā jantāgharā nikkhamati, sace jantāgharaṁ cikkhallaṁ hoti, dhovitabbaṁ. He should wash the clay trough, put away the sauna bench, extinguish the fire, close the door, and then leave. Mattikādoṇikaṁ dhovitvā jantāgharapīṭhaṁ paṭisāmetvā aggiṁ vijjhāpetvā dvāraṁ thaketvā pakkamitabbaṁ.

This is the proper conduct in regard to saunas.” Idaṁ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhūnaṁ jantāgharavattaṁ yathā bhikkhūhi jantāghare sammā vattitabban”ti.

10. Discussion of the proper conduct in regard to restrooms 10. Vaccakuṭivattakathā

At that time a monk who had been born as a brahmin did not want to wash after defecating, thinking, Tena kho pana samayena aññataro bhikkhu brāhmaṇajātiko vaccaṁ katvā na icchati ācametuṁ—“Who would touch this foul, stinking stuff?” “ko imaṁ vasalaṁ duggandhaṁ āmasissatī”ti. As a result, a worm settled in his rectum. Tassa vaccamagge kimi saṇṭhāti. He told the monks, who said, Atha kho so bhikkhu bhikkhūnaṁ etamatthaṁ ārocesi. “So you don’t wash after defecating?” “Kiṁ pana tvaṁ, āvuso, vaccaṁ katvā na ācamesī”ti?

“That’s right.” “Evamāvuso”ti.

The monks of few desires complained and criticized him, Ye te bhikkhū appicchā …pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti—“How can a monk not wash after defecating?” “kathañhi nāma bhikkhu vaccaṁ katvā na ācamessatī”ti. They told the Buddha. Soon afterwards he had the Sangha gathered and questioned the monks: Atha kho te bhikkhū bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ …pe… “Is it true, monk, that you don’t wash after defecating?” “saccaṁ kira tvaṁ, bhikkhu, vaccaṁ katvā na ācamesī”ti? “It’s true, sir.” … “Saccaṁ, bhagavā”ti …pe… After rebuking them … vigarahitvā …pe… the Buddha gave a teaching and addressed the monks: dhammiṁ kathaṁ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi—

“When there’s water available, you should wash after defecating. “na, bhikkhave, vaccaṁ katvā sati udake nācametabbaṁ. If you don’t, you commit an offense of wrong conduct.” Yo nācameyya, āpatti dukkaṭassā”ti.

At that time the monks used the restrooms according to seniority. Tena kho pana samayena bhikkhū vaccakuṭiyā yathāvuḍḍhaṁ vaccaṁ karonti. Junior monks who had arrived first had to wait to defecate. Navakā bhikkhū paṭhamataraṁ āgantvā vaccitā āgamenti. Unable to hold out, they fainted and collapsed. Te vaccaṁ sandhārentā mucchitā papatanti. They told the Buddha. … Bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ …pe… “Is it true, monks, that this is happening?” “saccaṁ kira, bhikkhave …pe… “It’s true, sir.” … “saccaṁ, bhagavā”ti …pe…

“The restrooms shouldn’t be used according to seniority. “na, bhikkhave, vaccakuṭiyā yathāvuḍḍhaṁ vacco kātabbo. If you do, you commit an offense of wrong conduct. Yo kareyya, āpatti dukkaṭassa. You should use the restroom according to the order of arrival.” Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, āgatapaṭipāṭiyā vaccaṁ kātun”ti.

At that time the monks from the group of six entered the restrooms too hastily, pulled up their robes before entering, groaned while defecating, cleaned their teeth while defecating, defecated outside the toilet, urinated outside the urinal, spat in the urinal, used coarse wiping sticks, threw the wiping sticks in the cesspit, left the restroom too hastily, came out with their robes still pulled up, made a chomping sound while washing, and they left water in the ablutions scoop. Tena kho pana samayena chabbaggiyā bhikkhū atisahasāpi vaccakuṭiṁ pavisanti, ubbhajitvāpi pavisanti, nitthunantāpi vaccaṁ karonti, dantakaṭṭhaṁ khādantāpi vaccaṁ karonti, bahiddhāpi vaccadoṇikāya vaccaṁ karonti, bahiddhāpi passāvadoṇikāya passāvaṁ karonti, passāvadoṇikāyapi kheḷaṁ karonti, pharusenapi kaṭṭhena avalekhanti, avalekhanakaṭṭhampi vaccakūpamhi pātenti, atisahasāpi nikkhamanti, ubbhajitvāpi nikkhamanti, capucapukārakampi ācamenti, ācamanasarāvakepi udakaṁ sesenti.

The monks of few desires complained and criticized them, Ye te bhikkhū appicchā …pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti—“How can the monks from the group of six act like this?” “kathañhi nāma chabbaggiyā bhikkhū atisahasāpi vaccakuṭiṁ pavisissanti, ubbhajitvāpi pavisissanti, nitthunantāpi vaccaṁ karissanti, dantakaṭṭhaṁ khādantāpi vaccaṁ karissanti, bahiddhāpi vaccadoṇikāya vaccaṁ karissanti, bahiddhāpi passāvadoṇikāya passāvaṁ karissanti, passāvadoṇikāyapi kheḷaṁ karissanti, pharusenapi kaṭṭhena avalekhissanti, avalekhanakaṭṭhampi vaccakūpamhi pātessanti, atisahasāpi nikkhamissanti, ubbhajitvāpi nikkhamissanti, capucapukārakampi ācamessanti, ācamanasarāvakepi udakaṁ sesessantī”ti. They told the Buddha. … Atha kho te bhikkhū bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ …pe… “Is it true, monks, that the monks from the group of six are acting like this?” “saccaṁ kira, bhikkhave …pe… “It’s true, sir.” … “saccaṁ, bhagavā”ti …pe… After rebuking them … vigarahitvā …pe… the Buddha gave a teaching and addressed the monks: dhammiṁ kathaṁ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi—

“Well then, I’ll lay down the proper conduct in regard to restrooms. “Tena hi, bhikkhave, bhikkhūnaṁ vaccakuṭivattaṁ paññapessāmi yathā bhikkhūhi vaccakuṭiyā sammā vattitabbaṁ. When a monk goes to the restroom, he should stand outside and clear his throat. Yo vaccakuṭiṁ gacchati tena bahi ṭhitena ukkāsitabbaṁ. Anyone sitting inside should also clear his throat. Anto nisinnenapi ukkāsitabbaṁ. After hanging his robe on a bamboo robe rack or a clothesline, he should enter the restroom carefully and without hurry. Cīvaravaṁse vā cīvararajjuyā vā cīvaraṁ nikkhipitvā sādhukaṁ ataramānena vaccakuṭi pavisitabbā. He shouldn’t enter the restroom too hastily; Nātisahasā pavisitabbā. he shouldn’t pull up his robe before he has entered; Na ubbhajitvā pavisitabbā. he should pull up his robe when he’s standing on the foot stands for defecating; Vaccapādukāya ṭhitena ubbhajitabbaṁ. he shouldn’t groan while defecating; Na nitthunantena vacco kātabbo. he shouldn’t clean his teeth while defecating; Na dantakaṭṭhaṁ khādantena vacco kātabbo. he shouldn’t defecate outside the toilet; Na bahiddhā vaccadoṇikāya vacco kātabbo. he shouldn’t urinate outside the urinal; Na bahiddhā passāvadoṇikāya passāvo kātabbo. he shouldn’t spit in the urinal; Na passāvadoṇikāya kheḷo kātabbo. he shouldn’t use coarse wiping sticks; Na pharusena kaṭṭhena avalekhitabbaṁ. he shouldn’t throw the wiping sticks in the cesspit; Na avalekhanakaṭṭhaṁ vaccakūpamhi pātetabbaṁ. he should cover himself while still standing on the foot stands for defecating; Vaccapādukāya ṭhitena paṭicchādetabbaṁ. he shouldn’t leave the restroom too hastily; Nātisahasā nikkhamitabbaṁ. he shouldn’t come out with his robe still pulled up; Na ubbhajitvā nikkhamitabbaṁ. he should pull up his robe when standing on the ablutions foot stands; Ācamanapādukāya ṭhitena ubbhajitabbaṁ. he shouldn’t make a chomping sound while washing; Na capucapukārakaṁ ācametabbaṁ. he shouldn’t leave water in the ablutions scoop; Na ācamanasarāvake udakaṁ sesetabbaṁ. he should cover himself while still standing on the ablutions foot stands. Ācamanapādukāya ṭhitena paṭicchādetabbaṁ.

If the restroom is dirty, he should clean it. Sace vaccakuṭi uhatā hoti, dhovitabbā. If the wiping-stick container is full, he should discard the wiping sticks. Sace avalekhanapidharo pūro hoti, avalekhanakaṭṭhaṁ chaḍḍetabbaṁ. If the restroom is dirty, he should sweep it. Sace vaccakuṭi uklāpā hoti, vaccakuṭi sammajjitabbā. If the area surrounding the restroom is dirty, he should sweep it. Sace paribhaṇḍaṁ uklāpaṁ hoti, paribhaṇḍaṁ sammajjitabbaṁ. If the yard is dirty, he should sweep it. Sace pariveṇaṁ uklāpaṁ hoti, pariveṇaṁ sammajjitabbaṁ. If the gatehouse is dirty, he should sweep it. Sace koṭṭhako uklāpo hoti, koṭṭhako sammajjitabbo. If there’s no water in the restroom ablutions pot, he should fill it. Sace ācamanakumbhiyā udakaṁ na hoti, ācamanakumbhiyā udakaṁ āsiñcitabbaṁ.

This is the proper conduct in regard to restrooms.” Idaṁ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhūnaṁ vaccakuṭivattaṁ yathā bhikkhūhi vaccakuṭiyā sammā vattitabban”ti.

11. Discussion of the proper conduct toward a preceptor 11. Upajjhāyavattakathā

At that time the students were not conducting themselves properly toward their preceptors. Tena kho pana samayena saddhivihārikā upajjhāyesu na sammā vattanti. The monks of few desires complained and criticized them, Ye te bhikkhū appicchā …pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti—“How can the students not conduct themselves properly toward their preceptors?” “kathañhi nāma saddhivihārikā upajjhāyesu na sammā vattissantī”ti. They told the Buddha. Soon afterwards he had the Sangha gathered and questioned the monks: Atha kho te bhikkhū bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ …pe… “Is it true, monks, that the students are not conducting themselves properly toward their preceptors?” “saccaṁ kira, bhikkhave, saddhivihārikā upajjhāyesu na sammā vattantī”ti? “It’s true, sir.” … “Saccaṁ, bhagavā”ti The Buddha rebuked them … vigarahi buddho bhagavā …pe… “How can they act like this? kathañhi nāma, bhikkhave, saddhivihārikā upajjhāyesu na sammā vattissanti. This will affect people’s confidence …” Netaṁ, bhikkhave, appasannānaṁ vā pasādāya …pe… After rebuking them … vigarahitvā …pe… the Buddha gave a teaching and addressed the monks: dhammiṁ kathaṁ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi—

“Well then, I’ll lay down the proper conduct for a student toward his preceptor. “Tena hi, bhikkhave, saddhivihārikānaṁ upajjhāyesu vattaṁ paññapessāmi yathā saddhivihārikehi upajjhāyesu sammā vattitabbaṁ. A student should conduct himself properly toward his preceptor. Saddhivihārikena, bhikkhave, upajjhāyamhi sammā vattitabbaṁ. This is the proper conduct: Tatrāyaṁ sammāvattanā—

Meals and almsround

Having gotten up at the appropriate time, the student should remove his sandals and arrange his upper robe over one shoulder. He should then give his preceptor a tooth cleaner and water for rinsing the mouth, and he should prepare a seat for him. Kālasseva uṭṭhāya upāhanā omuñcitvā ekaṁsaṁ uttarāsaṅgaṁ karitvā dantakaṭṭhaṁ dātabbaṁ, mukhodakaṁ dātabbaṁ, āsanaṁ paññapetabbaṁ. If there’s congee, he should rinse a vessel and bring the congee to his preceptor. Sace yāgu hoti, bhājanaṁ dhovitvā yāgu upanāmetabbā. When he has drunk the congee, the student should give him water and receive the vessel. Holding it low, he should wash it carefully without scratching it and then put it away. Yāguṁ pītassa udakaṁ datvā bhājanaṁ paṭiggahetvā nīcaṁ katvā sādhukaṁ appaṭighaṁsantena dhovitvā paṭisāmetabbaṁ. When the preceptor has gotten up, the student should put away the seat. Upajjhāyamhi vuṭṭhite āsanaṁ uddharitabbaṁ. If the place is dirty, he should sweep it. Sace so deso uklāpo hoti, so deso sammajjitabbo.

If the preceptor wants to enter the village, the student should give him a sarong and receive the one he’s wearing in return. He should give him a belt. He should put the upper robes together, overlapping each other edge-to-edge, and then give them to him. He should rinse his preceptor’s bowl and give it to him while wet. Sace upajjhāyo gāmaṁ pavisitukāmo hoti, nivāsanaṁ dātabbaṁ, paṭinivāsanaṁ paṭiggahetabbaṁ, kāyabandhanaṁ dātabbaṁ, saguṇaṁ katvā saṅghāṭiyo dātabbā, dhovitvā patto sodako dātabbo. If the preceptor wants an attendant, the student should put on his sarong evenly all around, covering the navel and the knees. He should put on a belt. Putting the upper robes together, overlapping each other edge-to-edge, he should put them on and fasten the toggle. He should rinse his bowl, bring it along, and be his preceptor’s attendant. Sace upajjhāyo pacchāsamaṇaṁ ākaṅkhati, timaṇḍalaṁ paṭicchādentena parimaṇḍalaṁ nivāsetvā kāyabandhanaṁ bandhitvā saguṇaṁ katvā saṅghāṭiyo pārupitvā gaṇṭhikaṁ paṭimuñcitvā dhovitvā pattaṁ gahetvā upajjhāyassa pacchāsamaṇena hotabbaṁ.

He shouldn’t walk too far behind his preceptor or too close to him. He should receive the contents of his bowl. Nātidūre gantabbaṁ, nāccāsanne gantabbaṁ, pattapariyāpannaṁ paṭiggahetabbaṁ. He shouldn’t interrupt his preceptor when he’s speaking. Na upajjhāyassa bhaṇamānassa antarantarā kathā opātetabbā. But if the preceptor’s speech is bordering on an offense, he should stop him. Upajjhāyo āpattisāmantā bhaṇamāno nivāretabbo.

When returning, the student should go first to prepare a seat and to set out a foot stool, a foot scraper, and water for washing the feet. He should go out to meet the preceptor and receive his bowl and robe. He should give him a sarong and receive the one he’s wearing in return. Nivattantena paṭhamataraṁ āgantvā āsanaṁ paññapetabbaṁ, pādodakaṁ pādapīṭhaṁ pādakathalikaṁ upanikkhipitabbaṁ, paccuggantvā pattacīvaraṁ paṭiggahetabbaṁ, paṭinivāsanaṁ dātabbaṁ, nivāsanaṁ paṭiggahetabbaṁ. If the robe is damp, he should sun it for a short while, but shouldn’t leave it in the heat. Sace cīvaraṁ sinnaṁ hoti, muhuttaṁ uṇhe otāpetabbaṁ, na ca uṇhe cīvaraṁ nidahitabbaṁ. He should fold the robe, Cīvaraṁ saṅgharitabbaṁ. offsetting the edges by seven centimeters, Cīvaraṁ saṅgharantena caturaṅgulaṁ kaṇṇaṁ ussāretvā cīvaraṁ saṅgharitabbaṁ—so that the fold doesn’t become worn. mā majjhe bhaṅgo ahosīti. He should place the belt in the fold. Obhoge kāyabandhanaṁ kātabbaṁ.

If there’s almsfood and his preceptor wants to eat, the student should give him water and then the almsfood. Sace piṇḍapāto hoti, upajjhāyo ca bhuñjitukāmo hoti, udakaṁ datvā piṇḍapāto upanāmetabbo. He should ask his preceptor if he wants water to drink. Upajjhāyo pānīyena pucchitabbo. When the preceptor has eaten, the student should give him water and receive his bowl. Holding it low, he should wash it carefully without scratching it. He should then dry it and sun it for a short while, Bhuttāvissa udakaṁ datvā pattaṁ paṭiggahetvā nīcaṁ katvā sādhukaṁ appaṭighaṁsantena dhovitvā vodakaṁ katvā muhuttaṁ uṇhe otāpetabbo. but shouldn’t leave it in the heat. Na ca uṇhe patto nidahitabbo.

The student should put away the robe and bowl. Pattacīvaraṁ nikkhipitabbaṁ. When putting away the bowl, he should hold the bowl in one hand, feel under the bed or the bench with the other, and then put it away. Pattaṁ nikkhipantena ekena hatthena pattaṁ gahetvā ekena hatthena heṭṭhāmañcaṁ vā heṭṭhāpīṭhaṁ vā parāmasitvā patto nikkhipitabbo. He shouldn’t put the bowl away on the bare floor. Na ca anantarahitāya bhūmiyā patto nikkhipitabbo. When putting away the robe, he should hold the robe in one hand, wipe the bamboo robe rack or the clothesline with the other, and then put it away by folding the robe over it, making the ends face the wall and the fold face out. Cīvaraṁ nikkhipantena ekena hatthena cīvaraṁ gahetvā ekena hatthena cīvaravaṁsaṁ vā cīvararajjuṁ vā pamajjitvā pārato antaṁ orato bhogaṁ katvā cīvaraṁ nikkhipitabbaṁ. When the preceptor has gotten up, the student should put away the seat and also the foot stool, the foot scraper, and the water for washing the feet. Upajjhāyamhi vuṭṭhite āsanaṁ uddharitabbaṁ, pādodakaṁ pādapīṭhaṁ pādakathalikaṁ paṭisāmetabbaṁ. If the place is dirty, he should sweep it.” Sace so deso uklāpo hoti, so deso sammajjitabbo.

Bathing

“If the preceptor wants to bathe, the student should prepare a bath. Sace upajjhāyo nahāyitukāmo hoti, nahānaṁ paṭiyādetabbaṁ. If he wants a cold bath, he should prepare that; Sace sītena attho hoti, sītaṁ paṭiyādetabbaṁ. if he wants a hot bath, he should prepare that. Sace uṇhena attho hoti, uṇhaṁ paṭiyādetabbaṁ.

If the preceptor wants to take a sauna, the student should knead bath powder, moisten the clay, take a sauna bench, and follow behind his preceptor. After giving his preceptor the sauna bench, receiving his robe, and putting it aside, he should give him the bath powder and the clay. Sace upajjhāyo jantāgharaṁ pavisitukāmo hoti, cuṇṇaṁ sannetabbaṁ, mattikā temetabbā, jantāgharapīṭhaṁ ādāya upajjhāyassa piṭṭhito piṭṭhito gantvā jantāgharapīṭhaṁ datvā cīvaraṁ paṭiggahetvā ekamantaṁ nikkhipitabbaṁ, cuṇṇaṁ dātabbaṁ, mattikā dātabbā. If he’s able, he should enter the sauna. Sace ussahati, jantāgharaṁ pavisitabbaṁ. When entering the sauna, he should smear his face with clay, cover himself front and back, and then enter. Jantāgharaṁ pavisantena mattikāya mukhaṁ makkhetvā purato ca pacchato ca paṭicchādetvā jantāgharaṁ pavisitabbaṁ. He shouldn’t sit encroaching on the senior monks, Na there bhikkhū anupakhajja nisīditabbaṁ. or block the junior monks from getting a seat. Na navā bhikkhū āsanena paṭibāhitabbā. While in the sauna, he should provide assistance to his preceptor. Jantāghare upajjhāyassa parikammaṁ kātabbaṁ. When leaving the sauna, he should take the sauna bench, cover himself front and back, and then leave. Jantāgharā nikkhamantena jantāgharapīṭhaṁ ādāya purato ca pacchato ca paṭicchādetvā jantāgharā nikkhamitabbaṁ.

He should also provide assistance to his preceptor in the water. Udakepi upajjhāyassa parikammaṁ kātabbaṁ. When he has bathed, he should be the first to come out. He should dry himself and put on his sarong. He should then wipe the water off his preceptor’s body, and he should give him his sarong and then his upper robe. Taking the sauna bench, he should be the first to return. He should prepare a seat, and also set out a foot stool, a foot scraper, and water for washing the feet. Nahātena paṭhamataraṁ uttaritvā attano gattaṁ vodakaṁ katvā nivāsetvā upajjhāyassa gattato udakaṁ pamajjitabbaṁ, nivāsanaṁ dātabbaṁ, saṅghāṭi dātabbā, jantāgharapīṭhaṁ ādāya paṭhamataraṁ āgantvā āsanaṁ paññapetabbaṁ, pādodakaṁ pādapīṭhaṁ pādakathalikaṁ upanikkhipitabbaṁ. He should ask his preceptor if he wants water to drink. Upajjhāyo pānīyena pucchitabbo. If the preceptor wants him to recite, he should do so. Sace uddisāpetukāmo hoti, uddisitabbo. If the preceptor wants to question him, he should be questioned.” Sace paripucchitukāmo hoti, paripucchitabbo.

The dwelling

“If the dwelling where the preceptor is staying is dirty, the student should clean it if he’s able. Yasmiṁ vihāre upajjhāyo viharati, sace so vihāro uklāpo hoti, sace ussahati, sodhetabbo. When he’s cleaning the dwelling, he should first take out the bowl and robe and put them aside. Vihāraṁ sodhentena paṭhamaṁ pattacīvaraṁ nīharitvā ekamantaṁ nikkhipitabbaṁ; He should take out the sitting mat and the sheet and put them aside. nisīdanapaccattharaṇaṁ nīharitvā ekamantaṁ nikkhipitabbaṁ; He should take out the mattress and the pillow and put them aside. bhisibibbohanaṁ nīharitvā ekamantaṁ nikkhipitabbaṁ; Holding the bed low, he should carefully take it out without scratching it or knocking it against the door or the door frame, and he should put it aside. mañco nīcaṁ katvā sādhukaṁ appaṭighaṁsantena, asaṅghaṭṭentena kavāṭapiṭṭhaṁ, nīharitvā ekamantaṁ nikkhipitabbo; Holding the bench low, he should carefully take it out without scratching it or knocking it against the door or the door frame, and he should put it aside. pīṭhaṁ nīcaṁ katvā sādhukaṁ appaṭighaṁsantena, asaṅghaṭṭentena kavāṭapiṭṭhaṁ, nīharitvā ekamantaṁ nikkhipitabbaṁ; He should take out the bed supports and put them aside. mañcapaṭipādakā nīharitvā ekamantaṁ nikkhipitabbā; He should take out the spittoon and put it aside. kheḷamallako nīharitvā ekamantaṁ nikkhipitabbo; He should take out the leaning board and put it aside. apassenaphalakaṁ nīharitvā ekamantaṁ nikkhipitabbaṁ; After taking note of its position, he should take out the floor cover and put it aside. bhūmattharaṇaṁ yathāpaññattaṁ sallakkhetvā nīharitvā ekamantaṁ nikkhipitabbaṁ. If the dwelling has cobwebs, he should first remove them from the ceiling cloth, and he should then wipe the windows and the corners of the room. Sace vihāre santānakaṁ hoti, ullokā paṭhamaṁ ohāretabbaṁ, ālokasandhikaṇṇabhāgā pamajjitabbā. If the walls have been treated with red ocher and they’re moldy, he should moisten a cloth, wring it out, and wipe the walls. Sace gerukaparikammakatā bhitti kaṇṇakitā hoti, coḷakaṁ temetvā pīḷetvā pamajjitabbā. If the floor has been treated with a black finish and it’s moldy, he should moisten a cloth, wring it out, and wipe the floor. Sace kāḷavaṇṇakatā bhūmi kaṇṇakitā hoti, coḷakaṁ temetvā pīḷetvā pamajjitabbā. If the floor is untreated, he should sprinkle it with water and then sweep it, Sace akatā hoti bhūmi, udakena paripphositvā paripphositvā sammajjitabbā—trying to avoid stirring up dust. mā vihāro rajena uhaññīti. He should look out for any trash and discard it. Saṅkāraṁ vicinitvā ekamantaṁ chaḍḍetabbaṁ.

He should sun the floor cover, clean it, beat it, bring it back inside, and put it back as before. Bhūmattharaṇaṁ otāpetvā sodhetvā papphoṭetvā atiharitvā yathāpaññattaṁ paññapetabbaṁ. He should sun the bed supports, wipe them, bring them back inside, and put them back where they were. Mañcapaṭipādakā otāpetvā pamajjitvā atiharitvā yathāṭhāne ṭhapetabbā. He should sun the bed, clean it, and beat it. Holding it low, he should carefully bring it back inside without scratching it or knocking it against the door or the door frame, and he should put it back as before. Mañco otāpetvā sodhetvā papphoṭetvā nīcaṁ katvā sādhukaṁ appaṭighaṁsantena, asaṅghaṭṭentena kavāṭapiṭṭhaṁ, atiharitvā yathāpaññattaṁ paññapetabbo. He should sun the bench, clean it, and beat it. Holding it low, he should carefully bring it back inside without scratching it or knocking it against the door or the door frame, and he should put it back as before. Pīṭhaṁ otāpetvā sodhetvā papphoṭetvā nīcaṁ katvā sādhukaṁ appaṭighaṁsantena, asaṅghaṭṭentena kavāṭapiṭṭhaṁ, atiharitvā yathāpaññattaṁ paññapetabbaṁ. He should sun the mattress and the pillow, clean them, beat them, bring them back inside, and put them back as before. Bhisibibbohanaṁ otāpetvā sodhetvā papphoṭetvā atiharitvā yathāpaññattaṁ paññapetabbaṁ. He should sun the sitting mat and the sheet, clean them, beat them, bring them back inside, and put them back as before. Nisīdanapaccattharaṇaṁ otāpetvā sodhetvā papphoṭetvā atiharitvā yathāpaññattaṁ paññapetabbaṁ. He should sun the spittoon, wipe it, bring it back inside, and put it back where it was. Kheḷamallako otāpetvā pamajjitvā atiharitvā yathāṭhāne ṭhapetabbo. He should sun the leaning board, wipe it, bring it back inside, and put it back where it was. Apassenaphalakaṁ otāpetvā pamajjitvā atiharitvā yathāṭhāne ṭhapetabbaṁ. He should put away the bowl and robe. Pattacīvaraṁ nikkhipitabbaṁ. When putting away the bowl, he should hold the bowl in one hand, feel under the bed or the bench with the other, and then put it away. Pattaṁ nikkhipantena ekena hatthena pattaṁ gahetvā ekena hatthena heṭṭhāmañcaṁ vā heṭṭhāpīṭhaṁ vā parāmasitvā patto nikkhipitabbo. He shouldn’t put the bowl away on the bare floor. Na ca anantarahitāya bhūmiyā patto nikkhipitabbo. When putting away the robe, he should hold the robe in one hand, wipe the bamboo robe rack or the clothesline with the other, and then put it away by folding the robe over it, making the ends face the wall and the fold face out. Cīvaraṁ nikkhipantena ekena hatthena cīvaraṁ gahetvā ekena hatthena cīvaravaṁsaṁ vā cīvararajjuṁ vā pamajjitvā pārato antaṁ orato bhogaṁ katvā cīvaraṁ nikkhipitabbaṁ.

If dusty winds are blowing from the east, he should close the windows on the eastern side. Sace puratthimā sarajā vātā vāyanti, puratthimā vātapānā thaketabbā. If dusty winds are blowing from the west, he should close the windows on the western side. Sace pacchimā sarajā vātā vāyanti, pacchimā vātapānā thaketabbā. If dusty winds are blowing from the north, he should close the windows on the northern side. Sace uttarā sarajā vātā vāyanti, uttarā vātapānā thaketabbā. If dusty winds are blowing from the south, he should close the windows on the southern side. Sace dakkhiṇā sarajā vātā vāyanti, dakkhiṇā vātapānā thaketabbā. If the weather is cold, he should open the windows during the day and close them at night. Sace sītakālo hoti, divā vātapānā vivaritabbā, rattiṁ thaketabbā. If the weather is hot, he should close the windows during the day and open them at night. Sace uṇhakālo hoti, divā vātapānā thaketabbā, rattiṁ vivaritabbā.

If the yard is dirty, he should sweep it. Sace pariveṇaṁ uklāpaṁ hoti, pariveṇaṁ sammajjitabbaṁ. If the gatehouse is dirty, he should sweep it. Sace koṭṭhako uklāpo hoti, koṭṭhako sammajjitabbo. If the assembly hall is dirty, he should sweep it. Sace upaṭṭhānasālā uklāpā hoti, upaṭṭhānasālā sammajjitabbā. If the water-boiling shed is dirty, he should sweep it. Sace aggisālā uklāpā hoti, aggisālā sammajjitabbā. If the restroom is dirty, he should sweep it. Sace vaccakuṭi uklāpā hoti, vaccakuṭi sammajjitabbā. If there’s no water for drinking, he should get some. Sace pānīyaṁ na hoti, pānīyaṁ upaṭṭhāpetabbaṁ. If there’s no water for washing, he should get some. Sace paribhojanīyaṁ na hoti, paribhojanīyaṁ upaṭṭhāpetabbaṁ. If there’s no water in the restroom ablutions pot, he should fill it.” Sace ācamanakumbhiyā udakaṁ na hoti, ācamanakumbhiyā udakaṁ āsiñcitabbaṁ.

Spiritual support, etc.

“If the preceptor becomes discontent with the spiritual life, the student should send him away or have him sent away, or he should give him a teaching. Sace upajjhāyassa anabhirati uppannā hoti, saddhivihārikena vūpakāsetabbo, vūpakāsāpetabbo, dhammakathā vāssa kātabbā. If the preceptor becomes anxious, the student should dispel it or have it dispelled, or he should give him a teaching. Sace upajjhāyassa kukkuccaṁ uppannaṁ hoti, saddhivihārikena vinodetabbaṁ, vinodāpetabbaṁ, dhammakathā vāssa kātabbā. If the preceptor has wrong view, the student should make him give it up or have someone else do it, or he should give him a teaching. Sace upajjhāyassa diṭṭhigataṁ uppannaṁ hoti, saddhivihārikena vivecetabbaṁ, vivecāpetabbaṁ, dhammakathā vāssa kātabbā. If the preceptor has committed a heavy offense and deserves probation, Sace upajjhāyo garudhammaṁ ajjhāpanno hoti parivāsāraho, saddhivihārikena ussukkaṁ kātabbaṁ—the student should try to get the Sangha to give it to him. kinti nu kho saṅgho upajjhāyassa parivāsaṁ dadeyyāti. If the preceptor has committed a heavy offense and deserves to be sent back to the beginning, Sace upajjhāyo mūlāyapaṭikassanāraho hoti, saddhivihārikena ussukkaṁ kātabbaṁ—the student should try to get the Sangha to do it. kinti nu kho saṅgho upajjhāyaṁ mūlāya paṭikasseyyāti. If the preceptor has committed a heavy offense and deserves the trial period, Sace upajjhāyo mānattāraho hoti, saddhivihārikena ussukkaṁ kātabbaṁ—the student should try to get the Sangha to give it to him. kinti nu kho saṅgho upajjhāyassa mānattaṁ dadeyyāti. If the preceptor has committed a heavy offense and deserves rehabilitation, Sace upajjhāyo abbhānāraho hoti, saddhivihārikena ussukkaṁ kātabbaṁ—the student should try to get the Sangha to give it to him. kinti nu kho saṅgho upajjhāyaṁ abbheyyāti.

If the Sangha wants to do a legal procedure against his preceptor—whether a procedure of condemnation, demotion, banishment, reconciliation, or ejection—Sace saṅgho upajjhāyassa kammaṁ kattukāmo hoti, tajjanīyaṁ vā niyassaṁ vā pabbājanīyaṁ vā paṭisāraṇīyaṁ vā ukkhepanīyaṁ vā, saddhivihārikena ussukkaṁ kātabbaṁ—the student should make an effort to stop it or to reduce the penalty. kinti nu kho saṅgho upajjhāyassa kammaṁ na kareyya, lahukāya vā pariṇāmeyyāti. But if the Sangha has already done a legal procedure against his preceptor—whether a procedure of condemnation, demotion, banishment, reconciliation, or ejection—Kataṁ vā panassa hoti saṅghena kammaṁ, tajjanīyaṁ vā niyassaṁ vā pabbājanīyaṁ vā paṭisāraṇīyaṁ vā ukkhepanīyaṁ vā, saddhivihārikena ussukkaṁ kātabbaṁ—the student should help the preceptor conduct himself properly and suitably so as to deserve to be released, and try to get the Sangha to lift that procedure. kinti nu kho upajjhāyo sammā vatteyya, lomaṁ pāteyya, netthāraṁ vatteyya, saṅgho taṁ kammaṁ paṭippassambheyyāti.

If the preceptor’s robe needs washing, the student should do it himself, Sace upajjhāyassa cīvaraṁ dhovitabbaṁ hoti, saddhivihārikena dhovitabbaṁ, ussukkaṁ vā kātabbaṁ—or he should make an effort to get it done. kinti nu kho upajjhāyassa cīvaraṁ dhoviyethāti. If the preceptor needs a robe, the student should make one himself, Sace upajjhāyassa cīvaraṁ kātabbaṁ hoti, saddhivihārikena kātabbaṁ, ussukkaṁ vā kātabbaṁ—or he should make an effort to get one made. kinti nu kho upajjhāyassa cīvaraṁ kariyethāti. If the preceptor needs dye, the student should make it himself, Sace upajjhāyassa rajanā pacitabbā hoti, saddhivihārikena pacitabbā, ussukkaṁ vā kātabbaṁ—or he should make an effort to get it made. kinti nu kho upajjhāyassa rajanaṁ paciyethāti. If the preceptor’s robe needs dyeing, the student should do it himself, Sace upajjhāyassa cīvaraṁ rajitabbaṁ hoti, saddhivihārikena rajitabbaṁ, ussukkaṁ vā kātabbaṁ—or he should make an effort to get it done. kinti nu kho upajjhāyassa cīvaraṁ rajiyethāti. When he’s dyeing the robe, he should carefully and repeatedly turn it over, and shouldn’t go away while it’s still dripping. Cīvaraṁ rajantena sādhukaṁ samparivattakaṁ samparivattakaṁ rajitabbaṁ, na ca acchinne theve pakkamitabbaṁ.

Without asking his preceptor for permission, he shouldn’t do any of the following: give away or receive a bowl; Na upajjhāyaṁ anāpucchā ekaccassa patto dātabbo, na ekaccassa patto paṭiggahetabbo; give away or receive a robe; na ekaccassa cīvaraṁ dātabbaṁ, na ekaccassa cīvaraṁ paṭiggahetabbaṁ; give away or receive a requisite; na ekaccassa parikkhāro dātabbo, na ekaccassa parikkhāro paṭiggahetabbo; cut anyone’s hair or get it cut; na ekaccassa kesā chedetabbā, na ekaccena kesā chedāpetabbā; provide assistance to anyone or have assistance provided by anyone; na ekaccassa parikammaṁ kātabbaṁ, na ekaccena parikammaṁ kārāpetabbaṁ; do a service for anyone or get a service done by anyone; na ekaccassa veyyāvacco kātabbo, na ekaccena veyyāvacco kārāpetabbo; be the attendant monk for anyone or take anyone as his attendant monk; na ekaccassa pacchāsamaṇena hotabbaṁ, na ekacco pacchāsamaṇo ādātabbo; bring back almsfood for anyone or get almsfood brought back by anyone; na ekaccassa piṇḍapāto nīharitabbo, na ekaccena piṇḍapāto nīharāpetabbo; enter the village, na upajjhāyaṁ anāpucchā gāmo pavisitabbo; go to the charnel ground, na susānaṁ gantabbaṁ; or leave for another region. na disā pakkamitabbā. If his preceptor is sick, he should nurse him for as long as he lives or wait until he has recovered. Sace upajjhāyo gilāno hoti, yāvajīvaṁ upaṭṭhātabbo, vuṭṭhānamassa āgametabbaṁ.

This is the proper conduct of a student toward his preceptor.” Idaṁ kho, bhikkhave, saddhivihārikānaṁ upajjhāyesu vattaṁ yathā saddhivihārikehi upajjhāyesu sammā vattitabban”ti.

12. Discussion of the proper conduct toward a student 12. Saddhivihārikavattakathā

At that time the preceptors were not conducting themselves properly toward their students. Tena kho pana samayena upajjhāyā saddhivihārikesu na sammā vattanti. The monks of few desires complained and criticized them, Ye te bhikkhū appicchā …pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti—“How can the preceptors not conduct themselves properly toward their students?” “kathañhi nāma upajjhāyā saddhivihārikesu na sammā vattissantī”ti. They told the Buddha. Soon afterwards he had the Sangha gathered and questioned the monks: Atha kho te bhikkhū bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ …pe… “Is it true, monks, that the preceptors are not conducting themselves properly toward their students?” “saccaṁ kira, bhikkhave, upajjhāyā saddhivihārikesu na sammā vattantī”ti? “It’s true, sir.” … “Saccaṁ, bhagavā”ti …pe… After rebuking them … vigarahitvā …pe… the Buddha gave a teaching and addressed the monks: dhammiṁ kathaṁ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi—

“Well then, I’ll lay down the proper conduct for preceptors toward their students. “Tena hi, bhikkhave, upajjhāyānaṁ saddhivihārikesu vattaṁ paññapessāmi yathā upajjhāyehi saddhivihārikesu sammā vattitabbaṁ. A preceptor should conduct himself properly toward his student. Upajjhāyena, bhikkhave, saddhivihārikamhi sammā vattitabbaṁ. This is the proper conduct: Tatrāyaṁ sammāvattanā—

A preceptor should help and take care of his student through recitation, questioning, and instruction. Upajjhāyena, bhikkhave, saddhivihāriko saṅgahetabbo anuggahetabbo uddesena paripucchāya ovādena anusāsaniyā. If the preceptor has a bowl, but not the student, the preceptor should give it to him, Sace upajjhāyassa patto hoti, saddhivihārikassa patto na hoti, upajjhāyena saddhivihārikassa patto dātabbo, ussukkaṁ vā kātabbaṁ—or he should make an effort to get him one. kinti nu kho saddhivihārikassa patto uppajjiyethāti. If the preceptor has a robe, but not the student, the preceptor should give it to him, Sace upajjhāyassa cīvaraṁ hoti, saddhivihārikassa cīvaraṁ na hoti, upajjhāyena saddhivihārikassa cīvaraṁ dātabbaṁ, ussukkaṁ vā kātabbaṁ—or he should make an effort to get him one. kinti nu kho saddhivihārikassa cīvaraṁ uppajjiyethāti. If the preceptor has a requisite, but not the student, the preceptor should give it to him, Sace upajjhāyassa parikkhāro hoti, saddhivihārikassa parikkhāro na hoti, upajjhāyena saddhivihārikassa parikkhāro dātabbo, ussukkaṁ vā kātabbaṁ—or he should make an effort to get him one.” kinti nu kho saddhivihārikassa parikkhāro uppajjiyethāti.

Meals and almsround

“If the student is sick, the preceptor should get up at the appropriate time and give his student a tooth cleaner and water for rinsing the mouth, and he should prepare a seat for him. Sace saddhivihāriko gilāno hoti, kālasseva uṭṭhāya dantakaṭṭhaṁ dātabbaṁ, mukhodakaṁ dātabbaṁ, āsanaṁ paññapetabbaṁ. If there’s congee, he should rinse a vessel and bring the congee to his student. Sace yāgu hoti, bhājanaṁ dhovitvā yāgu upanāmetabbā. When he has drunk the congee, the preceptor should give him water and receive the vessel. Holding it low, he should wash it carefully without scratching it and then put it away. Yāguṁ pītassa udakaṁ datvā bhājanaṁ paṭiggahetvā nīcaṁ katvā sādhukaṁ appaṭighaṁsantena dhovitvā paṭisāmetabbaṁ. When the student has gotten up, the preceptor should put away the seat. Saddhivihārikamhi vuṭṭhite āsanaṁ uddharitabbaṁ. If the place is dirty, he should sweep it. Sace so deso uklāpo hoti, so deso sammajjitabbo.

If the student wants to enter the village, the preceptor should give him a sarong and receive the one he’s wearing in return. He should give him a belt. He should put the upper robes together, overlapping each other edge-to-edge, and then give them to him. He should rinse his student’s bowl and give it to him while wet. Sace saddhivihāriko gāmaṁ pavisitukāmo hoti, nivāsanaṁ dātabbaṁ, paṭinivāsanaṁ paṭiggahetabbaṁ, kāyabandhanaṁ dātabbaṁ, saguṇaṁ katvā saṅghāṭiyo dātabbā, dhovitvā patto sodako dātabbo.

Before he’s due back, the preceptor should prepare a seat and set out a foot stool, a foot scraper, and water for washing the feet. He should go out to meet the student and receive his bowl and robe. He should give him a sarong and receive the one he’s wearing in return. Ettāvatā nivattissatīti āsanaṁ paññapetabbaṁ, pādodakaṁ pādapīṭhaṁ pādakathalikaṁ upanikkhipitabbaṁ, paccuggantvā pattacīvaraṁ paṭiggahetabbaṁ, paṭinivāsanaṁ dātabbaṁ, nivāsanaṁ paṭiggahetabbaṁ. If the robe is damp, he should sun it for a short while, but shouldn’t leave it in the heat. Sace cīvaraṁ sinnaṁ hoti, muhuttaṁ uṇhe otāpetabbaṁ, na ca uṇhe cīvaraṁ nidahitabbaṁ. He should fold the robe, Cīvaraṁ saṅgharitabbaṁ. offsetting the edges by seven centimeters, Cīvaraṁ saṅgharantena caturaṅgulaṁ kaṇṇaṁ ussāretvā cīvaraṁ saṅgharitabbaṁ—so that the fold doesn’t become worn. mā majjhe bhaṅgo ahosīti. He should place the belt in the fold. Obhoge kāyabandhanaṁ kātabbaṁ.

If there’s almsfood and his student wants to eat, the preceptor should give him water and then the almsfood. Sace piṇḍapāto hoti, saddhivihāriko ca bhuñjitukāmo hoti, udakaṁ datvā piṇḍapāto upanāmetabbo. He should ask his student if he wants water to drink. Saddhivihāriko pānīyena pucchitabbo. When the student has eaten, the preceptor should give him water and receive his bowl. Holding it low, he should wash it carefully without scratching it. He should then dry it and sun it for a short while, but shouldn’t leave it in the heat. Bhuttāvissa udakaṁ datvā pattaṁ paṭiggahetvā nīcaṁ katvā sādhukaṁ appaṭighaṁsantena dhovitvā vodakaṁ katvā muhuttaṁ uṇhe otāpetabbo, na ca uṇhe patto nidahitabbo. The preceptor should put away the robe and bowl. Pattacīvaraṁ nikkhipitabbaṁ. When putting away the bowl, he should hold the bowl in one hand, feel under the bed or the bench with the other, and then put it away. Pattaṁ nikkhipantena ekena hatthena pattaṁ gahetvā ekena hatthena heṭṭhāmañcaṁ vā heṭṭhāpīṭhaṁ vā parāmasitvā patto nikkhipitabbo. He shouldn’t put the bowl away on the bare floor. Na ca anantarahitāya bhūmiyā patto nikkhipitabbo. When putting away the robe, he should hold the robe in one hand, wipe the bamboo robe rack or the clothesline with the other, and then put it away by folding the robe over it, making the ends face the wall and the fold face out. Cīvaraṁ nikkhipantena ekena hatthena cīvaraṁ gahetvā ekena hatthena cīvaravaṁsaṁ vā cīvararajjuṁ vā pamajjitvā pārato antaṁ orato bhogaṁ katvā cīvaraṁ nikkhipitabbaṁ. When the student has gotten up, the preceptor should put away the seat and also the foot stool, the foot scraper, and the water for washing the feet. Saddhivihārikamhi vuṭṭhite āsanaṁ uddharitabbaṁ, pādodakaṁ pādapīṭhaṁ pādakathalikaṁ paṭisāmetabbaṁ. If the place is dirty, he should sweep it.” Sace so deso uklāpo hoti, so deso sammajjitabbo.

Bathing

“If the student wants to bathe, the preceptor should prepare a bath. Sace saddhivihāriko nahāyitukāmo hoti, nahānaṁ paṭiyādetabbaṁ. If he wants a cold bath, he should prepare that; Sace sītena attho hoti, sītaṁ paṭiyādetabbaṁ. if he wants a hot bath, he should prepare that. Sace uṇhena attho hoti, uṇhaṁ paṭiyādetabbaṁ.

If the student wants to take a sauna, the preceptor should knead bath powder, moisten the clay, take a sauna bench, and go to the sauna. After giving his student the sauna bench, receiving his robe, and putting it aside, he should give him the bath powder and the clay. Sace saddhivihāriko jantāgharaṁ pavisitukāmo hoti, cuṇṇaṁ sannetabbaṁ, mattikā temetabbā, jantāgharapīṭhaṁ ādāya gantvā jantāgharapīṭhaṁ datvā cīvaraṁ paṭiggahetvā ekamantaṁ nikkhipitabbaṁ, cuṇṇaṁ dātabbaṁ, mattikā dātabbā. If he’s able, he should enter the sauna. Sace ussahati jantāgharaṁ pavisitabbaṁ. When entering the sauna, he should smear his face with clay, cover himself front and back, and then enter. Jantāgharaṁ pavisantena mattikāya mukhaṁ makkhetvā purato ca pacchato ca paṭicchādetvā jantāgharaṁ pavisitabbaṁ. He shouldn’t sit encroaching on the senior monks, or block the junior monks from getting a seat. Na there bhikkhū anupakhajja nisīditabbaṁ, na navā bhikkhū āsanena paṭibāhitabbā. While in the sauna, he should provide assistance to his student. Jantāghare saddhivihārikassa parikammaṁ kātabbaṁ. When leaving the sauna, he should take the sauna bench, cover himself front and back, and then leave. Jantāgharā nikkhamantena jantāgharapīṭhaṁ ādāya purato ca pacchato ca paṭicchādetvā jantāgharā nikkhamitabbaṁ.

The preceptor should also provide assistance to his student in the water. Udakepi saddhivihārikassa parikammaṁ kātabbaṁ. When the preceptor has bathed, he should be the first to come out. He should dry himself and put on his sarong. He should then wipe the water off his student’s body, and he should give him his sarong and then his upper robe. Taking the sauna bench, he should be the first to return. He should prepare a seat, and also set out a foot stool, a foot scraper, and water for washing the feet. Nahātena paṭhamataraṁ uttaritvā attano gattaṁ vodakaṁ katvā nivāsetvā saddhivihārikassa gattato udakaṁ pamajjitabbaṁ, nivāsanaṁ dātabbaṁ, saṅghāṭi dātabbā, jantāgharapīṭhaṁ ādāya paṭhamataraṁ āgantvā āsanaṁ paññapetabbaṁ, pādodakaṁ pādapīṭhaṁ pādakathalikaṁ upanikkhipitabbaṁ. He should ask his student if he wants water to drink.” Saddhivihāriko pānīyena pucchitabbo.

The dwelling

“If the dwelling where the student is staying is dirty, the preceptor should clean it if he’s able. Yasmiṁ vihāre saddhivihāriko viharati, sace so vihāro uklāpo hoti, sace ussahati, sodhetabbo. When he’s cleaning the dwelling, he should first take out the bowl and robe and put them aside. He should take out the sitting mat and the sheet and put them aside. He should take out the mattress and the pillow and put them aside. Holding the bed low, he should carefully take it out without scratching it or knocking it against the door or the door frame, and he should put it aside. Holding the bench low, he should carefully take it out without scratching it or knocking it against the door or the door frame, and he should put it aside. He should take out the bed supports and put them aside. He should take out the spittoon and put it aside. He should take out the leaning board and put it aside. After taking note of its position, he should take out the floor cover and put it aside. If the dwelling has cobwebs, he should first remove them from the ceiling cloth, and he should then wipe the windows and the corners of the room. If the walls have been treated with red ocher and they’re moldy, he should moisten a cloth, wring it out, and wipe the walls. If the floor has been treated with a black finish and it’s moldy, he should moisten a cloth, wring it out, and wipe the floor. If the floor is untreated, he should sprinkle it with water and then sweep it, trying to avoid stirring up dust. He should look out for any trash and discard it. Vihāraṁ sodhentena paṭhamaṁ pattacīvaraṁ nīharitvā ekamantaṁ nikkhipitabbaṁ …pe…

He should sun the floor cover, clean it, beat it, bring it back inside, and put it back as before. He should sun the bed supports, wipe them, bring them back inside, and put them back where they were. He should sun the bed, clean it, and beat it. Holding it low, he should carefully bring it back inside without scratching it or knocking it against the door or the door frame, and he should put it back as before. He should sun the bench, clean it, and beat it. Holding it low, he should carefully bring it back inside without scratching it or knocking it against the door or the door frame, and he should put it back as before. He should sun the mattress and the pillow, clean them, beat them, bring them back inside, and put them back the way they were. He should sun the sitting mat and the sheet, clean them, beat them, bring them back inside, and put them back the way they were. He should sun the spittoon, wipe it, bring it back inside, and put it back where it was. He should sun the leaning board, wipe it, bring it back inside, and put it back where it was. He should put away the bowl and robe. When putting away the bowl, he should hold the bowl in one hand, feel under the bed or the bench with the other, and then put it away. He shouldn’t put the bowl away on the bare floor. When putting away the robe, he should hold the robe in one hand, wipe the bamboo robe rack or the clothesline with the other, and then put it away by folding the robe over it, making the ends face the wall and the fold face out.

If dusty winds are blowing from the east, he should close the windows on the eastern side. If dusty winds are blowing from the west, he should close the windows on the western side. If dusty winds are blowing from the north, he should close the windows on the northern side. If dusty winds are blowing from the south, he should close the windows on the southern side. If the weather is cold, he should open the windows during the day and close them at night. If the weather is hot, he should close the windows during the day and open them at night.

If the yard is dirty, he should sweep it. If the gatehouse is dirty, he should sweep it. If the assembly hall is dirty, he should sweep it. If the water-boiling shed is dirty, he should sweep it. If the restroom is dirty, he should sweep it. If there’s no water for drinking, he should get some. If there’s no water for washing, he should get some. If there’s no water in the restroom ablutions pot, he should fill it.” sace ācamanakumbhiyā udakaṁ na hoti, ācamanakumbhiyā udakaṁ āsiñcitabbaṁ.

Spiritual support, etc.

“If the student becomes discontent with the spiritual life, the preceptor should send him away or have him sent away, or he should give him a teaching. Sace saddhivihārikassa anabhirati uppannā hoti, upajjhāyena vūpakāsetabbo, vūpakāsāpetabbo, dhammakathā vāssa kātabbā. If the student becomes anxious, the preceptor should dispel it or have it dispelled, or he should give him a teaching. Sace saddhivihārikassa kukkuccaṁ uppannaṁ hoti, upajjhāyena vinodetabbaṁ, vinodāpetabbaṁ, dhammakathā vāssa kātabbā. If the student has wrong view, the preceptor should make him give it up or have someone else do it, or he should give him a teaching. Sace saddhivihārikassa diṭṭhigataṁ uppannaṁ hoti, upajjhāyena vivecetabbaṁ, vivecāpetabbaṁ, dhammakathā vāssa kātabbā. If the student has committed a heavy offense and deserves probation, Sace saddhivihāriko garudhammaṁ ajjhāpanno hoti parivāsāraho, upajjhāyena ussukkaṁ kātabbaṁ—the preceptor should try to get the Sangha to give it to him. kinti nu kho saṅgho saddhivihārikassa parivāsaṁ dadeyyāti. If the student has committed a heavy offense and deserves to be sent back to the beginning, Sace saddhivihāriko mūlāyapaṭikassanāraho hoti, upajjhāyena ussukkaṁ kātabbaṁ—the preceptor should try to get the Sangha to do it. kinti nu kho saṅgho saddhivihārikaṁ mūlāya paṭikasseyyāti. If the student has committed a heavy offense and deserves the trial period, Sace saddhivihāriko mānattāraho hoti, upajjhāyena ussukkaṁ kātabbaṁ—the preceptor should try to get the Sangha to give it to him. kinti nu kho saṅgho saddhivihārikassa mānattaṁ dadeyyāti. If the student has committed a heavy offense and deserves rehabilitation, Sace saddhivihāriko abbhānāraho hoti, upajjhāyena ussukkaṁ kātabbaṁ—the preceptor should try to get the Sangha to give it to him. kinti nu kho saṅgho saddhivihārikaṁ abbheyyāti.

If the Sangha wants to do a legal procedure against his student—whether a procedure of condemnation, demotion, banishment, reconciliation, or ejection—Sace saṅgho saddhivihārikassa kammaṁ kattukāmo hoti, tajjanīyaṁ vā niyassaṁ vā pabbājanīyaṁ vā paṭisāraṇīyaṁ vā ukkhepanīyaṁ vā, upajjhāyena ussukkaṁ kātabbaṁ—the preceptor should make an effort to stop it or to reduce the penalty. kinti nu kho saṅgho saddhivihārikassa kammaṁ na kareyya, lahukāya vā pariṇāmeyyāti. But if the Sangha has already done a legal procedure against his student—whether a procedure of condemnation, demotion, banishment, reconciliation, or ejection—Kataṁ vā panassa hoti saṅghena kammaṁ, tajjanīyaṁ vā niyassaṁ vā pabbājanīyaṁ vā paṭisāraṇīyaṁ vā, ukkhepanīyaṁ vā, upajjhāyena ussukkaṁ kātabbaṁ—the preceptor should help the student conduct himself properly and suitably so as to deserve to be released, and try to get the Sangha to lift that procedure. kinti nu kho saddhivihāriko sammā vatteyya lomaṁ pāteyya, netthāraṁ vatteyya, saṅgho taṁ kammaṁ paṭippassambheyyāti.

If the student’s robe needs washing, the preceptor should show him how to do it, Sace saddhivihārikassa cīvaraṁ dhovitabbaṁ hoti, upajjhāyena ācikkhitabbaṁ—evaṁ dhoveyyāsīti, or he should make an effort to get it done. ussukkaṁ vā kātabbaṁ—kinti nu kho saddhivihārikassa cīvaraṁ dhoviyethāti. If the student needs a robe, the preceptor should show him how to make one, Sace saddhivihārikassa cīvaraṁ kātabbaṁ hoti, upajjhāyena ācikkhitabbaṁ—evaṁ kareyyāsīti, or he should make an effort to get one made. ussukkaṁ vā kātabbaṁ—kinti nu kho saddhivihārikassa cīvaraṁ kariyethāti. If the student needs dye, the preceptor should show him how to make it, Sace saddhivihārikassa rajanaṁ pacitabbaṁ hoti, upajjhāyena ācikkhitabbaṁ—evaṁ paceyyāsīti, or he should make an effort to get it made. ussukkaṁ vā kātabbaṁ—kinti nu kho saddhivihārikassa rajanaṁ paciyethāti. If the student’s robe needs dyeing, the preceptor should show him how to do it, Sace saddhivihārikassa cīvaraṁ rajitabbaṁ hoti, upajjhāyena ācikkhitabbaṁ—evaṁ rajeyyāsīti, or he should make an effort to get it done. ussukkaṁ vā kātabbaṁ—kinti nu kho saddhivihārikassa cīvaraṁ rajiyethāti. When he’s dyeing the robe, he should carefully and repeatedly turn it over, and shouldn’t go away while it’s still dripping. Cīvaraṁ rajantena sādhukaṁ samparivattakaṁ samparivattakaṁ rajitabbaṁ, na ca acchinne theve pakkamitabbaṁ. If his student is sick, he should nurse him for as long as he lives or wait until he has recovered. Sace saddhivihāriko gilāno hoti, yāvajīvaṁ upaṭṭhātabbo, vuṭṭhānamassa āgametabbaṁ.

This is the proper conduct of a preceptor toward his student.” Idaṁ kho, bhikkhave, upajjhāyānaṁ saddhivihārikesu vattaṁ yathā upajjhāyehi saddhivihārikesu sammā vattitabban”ti.

The second section for recitation is finished. Dutiyabhāṇavāro niṭṭhito.

13. Discussion of the proper conduct toward a teacher 13. Ācariyavattakathā

At that time the pupils were not conducting themselves properly toward their teachers. Tena kho pana samayena antevāsikā ācariyesu na sammā vattanti. The monks of few desires complained and criticized them, Ye te bhikkhū appicchā …pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti—“How can the pupils not conduct themselves properly toward their teachers?” “kathañhi nāma antevāsikā ācariyesu na sammā vattissantī”ti. They told the Buddha. … Atha kho te bhikkhū bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ …pe… “Is it true, monks, that the pupils are not conducting themselves properly toward their teachers?” “saccaṁ kira, bhikkhave, antevāsikā ācariyesu na sammā vattantī”ti? “It’s true, sir.” … “Saccaṁ, bhagavā”ti …pe… After rebuking them … vigarahitvā …pe… the Buddha gave a teaching and addressed the monks: dhammiṁ kathaṁ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi—

“Well then, I’ll lay down the proper conduct for a pupil toward his teacher. “Tena hi, bhikkhave, antevāsikānaṁ ācariyesu vattaṁ paññapessāmi yathā antevāsikehi ācariyesu sammā vattitabbaṁ. A pupil should conduct himself properly toward his teacher. Antevāsikena, bhikkhave, ācariyamhi sammā vattitabbaṁ. This is the proper conduct: Tatrāyaṁ sammāvattanā—

Meals and almsround

Having gotten up at the appropriate time, the pupil should remove his sandals, and arrange his upper robe over one shoulder. He should then give his teacher a tooth cleaner and water for rinsing the mouth, and he should prepare a seat for him. Kālasseva uṭṭhāya upāhanā omuñcitvā ekaṁsaṁ uttarāsaṅgaṁ karitvā dantakaṭṭhaṁ dātabbaṁ, mukhodakaṁ dātabbaṁ, āsanaṁ paññapetabbaṁ. If there’s congee, he should rinse a vessel and bring the congee to his teacher. Sace yāgu hoti, bhājanaṁ dhovitvā yāgu upanāmetabbā. When he has drunk the congee, the pupil should give him water and receive the vessel. Holding it low, he should wash it carefully without scratching it and then put it away. Yāguṁ pītassa udakaṁ datvā bhājanaṁ paṭiggahetvā nīcaṁ katvā sādhukaṁ appaṭighaṁsantena dhovitvā paṭisāmetabbaṁ. When the teacher has gotten up, the pupil should put away the seat. Ācariyamhi vuṭṭhite āsanaṁ uddharitabbaṁ. If the place is dirty, he should sweep it. Sace so deso uklāpo hoti, so deso sammajjitabbo.

If the teacher wants to enter the village, the pupil should give him a sarong and receive the one he’s wearing in return. He should give him a belt. He should put the upper robes together, overlapping each other edge-to-edge, and then give them to him. He should rinse his teacher’s bowl and give it to him while wet. Sace ācariyo gāmaṁ pavisitukāmo hoti, nivāsanaṁ dātabbaṁ, paṭinivāsanaṁ paṭiggahetabbaṁ, kāyabandhanaṁ dātabbaṁ, saguṇaṁ katvā saṅghāṭiyo dātabbā, dhovitvā patto sodako dātabbo. If the teacher wants an attendant, the pupil should put on his sarong evenly all around, covering the navel and the knees. He should put on a belt. Putting the upper robes together, overlapping each other edge-to-edge, he should put them on and fasten the toggle. He should rinse his bowl, bring it along, and be his teacher’s attendant. Sace ācariyo pacchāsamaṇaṁ ākaṅkhati, timaṇḍalaṁ paṭicchādentena parimaṇḍalaṁ nivāsetvā kāyabandhanaṁ bandhitvā saguṇaṁ katvā saṅghāṭiyo pārupitvā gaṇṭhikaṁ paṭimuñcitvā dhovitvā pattaṁ gahetvā ācariyassa pacchāsamaṇena hotabbaṁ.

He shouldn’t walk too far behind his teacher or too close to him. He should receive the contents of his bowl. Nātidūre gantabbaṁ, nāccāsanne gantabbaṁ, pattapariyāpannaṁ paṭiggahetabbaṁ. He shouldn’t interrupt his teacher when he’s speaking. Na ācariyassa bhaṇamānassa antarantarā kathā opātetabbā. But if the teacher’s speech is bordering on an offense, he should stop him. Ācariyo āpattisāmantā bhaṇamāno nivāretabbo.

When returning, the pupil should go first to prepare a seat and to set out a foot stool, a foot scraper, and water for washing the feet. He should go out to meet the teacher and receive his bowl and robe. He should give him a sarong and receive the one he’s wearing in return. Nivattantena paṭhamataraṁ āgantvā āsanaṁ paññapetabbaṁ, pādodakaṁ pādapīṭhaṁ pādakathalikaṁ upanikkhipitabbaṁ, paccuggantvā pattacīvaraṁ paṭiggahetabbaṁ, paṭinivāsanaṁ dātabbaṁ, nivāsanaṁ paṭiggahetabbaṁ. If the robe is damp, he should sun it for a short while, but shouldn’t leave it in the heat. Sace cīvaraṁ sinnaṁ hoti, muhuttaṁ uṇhe otāpetabbaṁ, na ca uṇhe cīvaraṁ nidahitabbaṁ. He should fold the robe, Cīvaraṁ saṅgharitabbaṁ. offsetting the edges by seven centimeters, Cīvaraṁ saṅgharantena caturaṅgulaṁ kaṇṇaṁ ussāretvā cīvaraṁ saṅgharitabbaṁ—so that the fold doesn’t become worn. mā majjhe bhaṅgo ahosīti. He should place the belt in the fold. Obhoge kāyabandhanaṁ kātabbaṁ.

If there’s almsfood and his teacher wants to eat, the pupil should give him water and then the almsfood. Sace piṇḍapāto hoti, ācariyo ca bhuñjitukāmo hoti, udakaṁ datvā piṇḍapāto upanāmetabbo. He should ask his teacher if he wants water to drink. Ācariyo pānīyena pucchitabbo. When the teacher has eaten, the pupil should give him water and receive his bowl. Holding it low, he should wash it carefully without scratching it. He should then dry it and sun it for a short while, but shouldn’t leave it in the heat. Bhuttāvissa udakaṁ datvā pattaṁ paṭiggahetvā nīcaṁ katvā sādhukaṁ appaṭighaṁsantena dhovitvā vodakaṁ katvā muhuttaṁ uṇhe otāpetabbo, na ca uṇhe patto nidahitabbo.

The pupil should put away the robe and bowl. Pattacīvaraṁ nikkhipitabbaṁ. When putting away the bowl, he should hold the bowl in one hand, feel under the bed or the bench with the other, and then put it away. Pattaṁ nikkhipantena ekena hatthena pattaṁ gahetvā ekena hatthena heṭṭhāmañcaṁ vā heṭṭhāpīṭhaṁ vā parāmasitvā patto nikkhipitabbo. He shouldn’t put the bowl away on the bare floor. Na ca anantarahitāya bhūmiyā patto nikkhipitabbo. When putting away the robe, he should hold the robe in one hand, wipe the bamboo robe rack or the clothesline with the other, and then put it away by folding the robe over it, making the ends face the wall and the fold face out. Cīvaraṁ nikkhipantena ekena hatthena cīvaraṁ gahetvā ekena hatthena cīvaravaṁsaṁ vā cīvararajjuṁ vā pamajjitvā pārato antaṁ orato bhogaṁ katvā cīvaraṁ nikkhipitabbaṁ. When the teacher has gotten up, the pupil should put away the seat and also the foot stool, the foot scraper, and the water for washing the feet. Ācariyamhi vuṭṭhite āsanaṁ uddharitabbaṁ, pādodakaṁ pādapīṭhaṁ pādakathalikaṁ paṭisāmetabbaṁ. If the place is dirty, he should sweep it.” Sace so deso uklāpo hoti, so deso sammajjitabbo.

Bathing

“If the teacher wants to bathe, the pupil should prepare a bath. Sace ācariyo nahāyitukāmo hoti, nahānaṁ paṭiyādetabbaṁ. If he wants a cold bath, he should prepare that; Sace sītena attho hoti, sītaṁ paṭiyādetabbaṁ. if he wants a hot bath, he should prepare that. Sace uṇhena attho hoti, uṇhaṁ paṭiyādetabbaṁ.

If the teacher wants to take a sauna, the pupil should knead bath powder, moisten the clay, take a sauna bench, and follow behind his teacher. After giving his teacher the sauna bench, receiving his robe, and putting it aside, he should give him the bath powder and the clay. Sace ācariyo jantāgharaṁ pavisitukāmo hoti, cuṇṇaṁ sannetabbaṁ, mattikā temetabbā, jantāgharapīṭhaṁ ādāya ācariyassa piṭṭhito piṭṭhito gantvā jantāgharapīṭhaṁ datvā cīvaraṁ paṭiggahetvā ekamantaṁ nikkhipitabbaṁ, cuṇṇaṁ dātabbaṁ, mattikā dātabbā. If he’s able, he should enter the sauna. Sace ussahati, jantāgharaṁ pavisitabbaṁ. When entering the sauna, he should smear his face with clay, cover himself front and back, and then enter. Jantāgharaṁ pavisantena mattikāya mukhaṁ makkhetvā purato ca pacchato ca paṭicchādetvā jantāgharaṁ pavisitabbaṁ. He shouldn’t sit encroaching on the senior monks, Na there bhikkhū anupakhajja nisīditabbaṁ. or block the junior monks from getting a seat. Na navā bhikkhū āsanena paṭibāhitabbā. While in the sauna, he should provide assistance to his teacher. Jantāghare ācariyassa parikammaṁ kātabbaṁ. When leaving the sauna, he should take the sauna bench, cover himself front and back, and then leave. Jantāgharā nikkhamantena jantāgharapīṭhaṁ ādāya purato ca pacchato ca paṭicchādetvā jantāgharā nikkhamitabbaṁ.

He should also provide assistance to his teacher in the water. Udakepi ācariyassa parikammaṁ kātabbaṁ. When he has bathed, he should be the first to come out. He should dry himself and put on his sarong. He should then wipe the water off his teacher’s body, and he should give him his sarong and then his upper robe. Taking the sauna bench, he should be the first to return. He should prepare a seat, and also set out a foot stool, a foot scraper, and water for washing the feet. Nahātena paṭhamataraṁ uttaritvā attano gattaṁ vodakaṁ katvā nivāsetvā ācariyassa gattato udakaṁ pamajjitabbaṁ, nivāsanaṁ dātabbaṁ, saṅghāṭi dātabbā, jantāgharapīṭhaṁ ādāya paṭhamataraṁ āgantvā āsanaṁ paññapetabbaṁ, pādodakaṁ pādapīṭhaṁ pādakathalikaṁ upanikkhipitabbaṁ. He should ask his teacher if he wants water to drink. Ācariyo pānīyena pucchitabbo. If the teacher wants him to recite, he should do so. Sace uddisāpetukāmo hoti, uddisitabbo. If the teacher wants to question him, he should be questioned.” Sace paripucchitukāmo hoti, paripucchitabbo.

The dwelling

“If the dwelling where the teacher is staying is dirty, the pupil should clean it if he’s able. Yasmiṁ vihāre ācariyo viharati, sace so vihāro uklāpo hoti, sace ussahati, sodhetabbo. When he’s cleaning the dwelling, he should first take out the bowl and robe and put them aside. Vihāraṁ sodhentena paṭhamaṁ pattacīvaraṁ nīharitvā ekamantaṁ nikkhipitabbaṁ; He should take out the sitting mat and the sheet and put them aside. nisīdanapaccattharaṇaṁ nīharitvā ekamantaṁ nikkhipitabbaṁ; He should take out the mattress and the pillow and put them aside. bhisibibbohanaṁ nīharitvā ekamantaṁ nikkhipitabbaṁ; Holding the bed low, he should carefully take it out without scratching it or knocking it against the door or the door frame, and he should put it aside. mañco nīcaṁ katvā sādhukaṁ appaṭighaṁsantena asaṅghaṭṭentena kavāṭapiṭṭhaṁ, nīharitvā ekamantaṁ nikkhipitabbo; Holding the bench low, he should carefully take it out without scratching it or knocking it against the door or the door frame, and he should put it aside. pīṭhaṁ nīcaṁ katvā sādhukaṁ appaṭighaṁsantena, asaṅghaṭṭentena kavāṭapiṭṭhaṁ, nīharitvā ekamantaṁ nikkhipitabbaṁ; He should take out the bed supports and put them aside. mañcapaṭipādakā nīharitvā ekamantaṁ nikkhipitabbā; He should take out the spittoon and put it aside. kheḷamallako nīharitvā ekamantaṁ nikkhipitabbo; He should take out the leaning board and put it aside. apassenaphalakaṁ nīharitvā ekamantaṁ nikkhipitabbaṁ; After taking note of its position, he should take out the floor cover and put it aside. bhūmattharaṇaṁ yathāpaññattaṁ sallakkhetvā nīharitvā ekamantaṁ nikkhipitabbaṁ. If the dwelling has cobwebs, he should first remove them from the ceiling cloth, and he should then wipe the windows and the corners of the room. Sace vihāre santānakaṁ hoti, ullokā paṭhamaṁ ohāretabbaṁ, ālokasandhikaṇṇabhāgā pamajjitabbā. If the walls have been treated with red ocher and they’re moldy, he should moisten a cloth, wring it out, and wipe the walls. Sace gerukaparikammakatā bhitti kaṇṇakitā hoti, coḷakaṁ temetvā pīḷetvā pamajjitabbā. If the floor has been treated with a black finish and it’s moldy, he should moisten a cloth, wring it out, and wipe the floor. Sace kāḷavaṇṇakatā bhūmi kaṇṇakitā hoti, coḷakaṁ temetvā pīḷetvā pamajjitabbā. If the floor is untreated, he should sprinkle it with water and then sweep it, Sace akatā hoti bhūmi, udakena paripphositvā paripphositvā sammajjitabbā—trying to avoid stirring up dust. mā vihāro rajena uhaññīti. He should look out for any trash and discard it. Saṅkāraṁ vicinitvā ekamantaṁ chaḍḍetabbaṁ.

He should sun the floor cover, clean it, beat it, bring it back inside, and put it back as before. Bhūmattharaṇaṁ otāpetvā sodhetvā papphoṭetvā atiharitvā yathāpaññattaṁ paññapetabbaṁ. He should sun the bed supports, wipe them, bring them back inside, and put them back where they were. Mañcapaṭipādakā otāpetvā pamajjitvā atiharitvā yathāṭhāne ṭhapetabbā. He should sun the bed, clean it, and beat it. Holding it low, he should carefully bring it back inside without scratching it or knocking it against the door or the door frame, and he should put it back as before. Mañco otāpetvā sodhetvā papphoṭetvā nīcaṁ katvā sādhukaṁ appaṭighaṁsantena, asaṅghaṭṭentena kavāṭapiṭṭhaṁ, atiharitvā yathāpaññattaṁ paññapetabbo. He should sun the bench, clean it, and beat it. Holding it low, he should carefully bring it back inside without scratching it or knocking it against the door or the door frame, and he should put it back as before. Pīṭhaṁ otāpetvā sodhetvā papphoṭetvā nīcaṁ katvā sādhukaṁ appaṭighaṁsantena, asaṅghaṭṭentena kavāṭapiṭṭhaṁ, atiharitvā yathāpaññattaṁ paññapetabbaṁ. He should sun the mattress and the pillow, clean them, beat them, bring them back inside, and put them back as before. Bhisibibbohanaṁ otāpetvā sodhetvā papphoṭetvā atiharitvā yathāpaññattaṁ paññapetabbaṁ. He should sun the sitting mat and the sheet, clean them, beat them, bring them back inside, and put them back as before. Nisīdanapaccattharaṇaṁ otāpetvā sodhetvā papphoṭetvā atiharitvā yathāpaññattaṁ paññapetabbaṁ. He should sun the spittoon, wipe it, bring it back inside, and put it back where it was. Kheḷamallako otāpetvā pamajjitvā atiharitvā yathāṭhāne ṭhapetabbo. He should sun the leaning board, wipe it, bring it back inside, and put it back where it was. Apassenaphalakaṁ otāpetvā pamajjitvā atiharitvā yathāṭhāne ṭhapetabbaṁ. He should put away the bowl and robe. Pattacīvaraṁ nikkhipitabbaṁ. When putting away the bowl, he should hold the bowl in one hand, feel under the bed or the bench with the other, and then put it away. Pattaṁ nikkhipantena ekena hatthena pattaṁ gahetvā ekena hatthena heṭṭhāmañcaṁ vā heṭṭhāpīṭhaṁ vā parāmasitvā patto nikkhipitabbo. He shouldn’t put the bowl away on the bare floor. Na ca anantarahitāya bhūmiyā patto nikkhipitabbo. When putting away the robe, he should hold the robe in one hand, wipe the bamboo robe rack or the clothesline with the other, and then put it away by folding the robe over it, making the ends face the wall and the fold face out. Cīvaraṁ nikkhipantena ekena hatthena cīvaraṁ gahetvā ekena hatthena cīvaravaṁsaṁ vā cīvararajjuṁ vā pamajjitvā pārato antaṁ orato bhogaṁ katvā cīvaraṁ nikkhipitabbaṁ.

If dusty winds are blowing from the east, he should close the windows on the eastern side. Sace puratthimā sarajā vātā vāyanti, puratthimā vātapānā thaketabbā. If dusty winds are blowing from the west, he should close the windows on the western side. Sace pacchimā sarajā vātā vāyanti, pacchimā vātapānā thaketabbā. If dusty winds are blowing from the north, he should close the windows on the northern side. Sace uttarā sarajā vātā vāyanti, uttarā vātapānā thaketabbā. If dusty winds are blowing from the south, he should close the windows on the southern side. Sace dakkhiṇā sarajā vātā vāyanti, dakkhiṇā vātapānā thaketabbā. If the weather is cold, he should open the windows during the day and close them at night. Sace sītakālo hoti, divā vātapānā vivaritabbā, rattiṁ thaketabbā. If the weather is hot, he should close the windows during the day and open them at night. Sace uṇhakālo hoti, divā vātapānā thaketabbā, rattiṁ vivaritabbā.

If the yard is dirty, he should sweep it. Sace pariveṇaṁ uklāpaṁ hoti, pariveṇaṁ sammajjitabbaṁ. If the gatehouse is dirty, he should sweep it. Sace koṭṭhako uklāpo hoti, koṭṭhako sammajjitabbo. If the assembly hall is dirty, he should sweep it. Sace upaṭṭhānasālā uklāpā hoti, upaṭṭhānasālā sammajjitabbā. If the water-boiling shed is dirty, he should sweep it. Sace aggisālā uklāpā hoti, aggisālā sammajjitabbā. If the restroom is dirty, he should sweep it. Sace vaccakuṭi uklāpā hoti, vaccakuṭi sammajjitabbā. If there’s no water for drinking, he should get some. Sace pānīyaṁ na hoti, pānīyaṁ upaṭṭhāpetabbaṁ. If there’s no water for washing, he should get some. Sace paribhojanīyaṁ na hoti, paribhojanīyaṁ upaṭṭhāpetabbaṁ. If there’s no water in the restroom ablutions pot, he should fill it.” Sace ācamanakumbhiyā udakaṁ na hoti, ācamanakumbhiyā udakaṁ āsiñcitabbaṁ.

Spiritual support, etc.

“If the teacher becomes discontent with the spiritual life, the pupil should send him away or have him sent away, or he should give him a teaching. Sace ācariyassa anabhirati uppannā hoti, antevāsikena vūpakāsetabbo, vūpakāsāpetabbo, dhammakathā vāssa kātabbā. If the teacher becomes anxious, the pupil should dispel it or have it dispelled, or he should give him a teaching. Sace ācariyassa kukkuccaṁ uppannaṁ hoti, antevāsikena vinodetabbaṁ, vinodāpetabbaṁ, dhammakathā vāssa kātabbā. If the teacher has wrong view, the pupil should make him give it up or have someone else do it, or he should give him a teaching. Sace ācariyassa diṭṭhigataṁ uppannaṁ hoti, antevāsikena vivecetabbaṁ, vivecāpetabbaṁ, dhammakathā vāssa kātabbā. If the teacher has committed a heavy offense and deserves probation, Sace ācariyo garudhammaṁ ajjhāpanno hoti, parivāsāraho, antevāsikena ussukkaṁ kātabbaṁ—the pupil should try to get the Sangha to give it to him. kinti nu kho saṅgho ācariyassa parivāsaṁ dadeyyāti. If the teacher has committed a heavy offense and deserves to be sent back to the beginning, Sace ācariyo mūlāyapaṭikassanāraho hoti, antevāsikena ussukkaṁ kātabbaṁ—the pupil should try to get the Sangha to do it. kinti nu kho saṅgho ācariyaṁ mūlāya paṭikasseyyāti. If the teacher has committed a heavy offense and deserves the trial period, Sace ācariyo mānattāraho hoti, antevāsikena ussukkaṁ kātabbaṁ—the pupil should try to get the Sangha to give it to him. kinti nu kho saṅgho ācariyassa mānattaṁ dadeyyāti. If the teacher has committed a heavy offense and deserves rehabilitation, Sace ācariyo abbhānāraho hoti, antevāsikena ussukkaṁ kātabbaṁ—the pupil should try to get the Sangha to give it to him. kinti nu kho saṅgho ācariyaṁ abbheyyāti.

If the Sangha wants to do a legal procedure against his teacher—whether a procedure of condemnation, demotion, banishment, reconciliation, or ejection—Sace saṅgho ācariyassa kammaṁ kattukāmo hoti, tajjanīyaṁ vā niyassaṁ vā pabbājanīyaṁ vā paṭisāraṇīyaṁ vā ukkhepanīyaṁ vā, antevāsikena ussukkaṁ kātabbaṁ—the pupil should make an effort to stop it or to reduce the penalty. kinti nu kho saṅgho ācariyassa kammaṁ na kareyya, lahukāya vā pariṇāmeyyāti. But if the Sangha has already done a legal procedure against his teacher—whether a procedure of condemnation, demotion, banishment, reconciliation, or ejection—Kataṁ vā panassa hoti saṅghena kammaṁ, tajjanīyaṁ vā niyassaṁ vā pabbājanīyaṁ vā paṭisāraṇīyaṁ vā ukkhepanīyaṁ vā, antevāsikena ussukkaṁ kātabbaṁ—the pupil should help the teacher conduct himself properly and suitably so as to deserve to be released, and try to get the Sangha to lift that procedure. kinti nu kho ācariyo sammā vatteyya, lomaṁ pāteyya, netthāraṁ vatteyya, saṅgho taṁ kammaṁ paṭippassambheyyāti.

If the teacher’s robe needs washing, the pupil should do it himself, Sace ācariyassa cīvaraṁ dhovitabbaṁ hoti, antevāsikena dhovitabbaṁ, ussukkaṁ vā kātabbaṁ—or he should make an effort to get it done. kinti nu kho ācariyassa cīvaraṁ dhoviyethāti. If the teacher needs a robe, the pupil should make one himself, Sace ācariyassa cīvaraṁ kātabbaṁ hoti, antevāsikena kātabbaṁ, ussukkaṁ vā kātabbaṁ—or he should make an effort to get one made. kinti nu kho ācariyassa cīvaraṁ kariyethāti. If the teacher needs dye, the pupil should make it himself, Sace ācariyassa rajanaṁ pacitabbaṁ hoti, antevāsikena pacitabbaṁ, ussukkaṁ vā kātabbaṁ—or he should make an effort to get it made. kinti nu kho ācariyassa rajanaṁ paciyethāti. If the teacher’s robe needs dyeing, the pupil should do it himself, Sace ācariyassa cīvaraṁ rajitabbaṁ hoti, antevāsikena rajitabbaṁ, ussukkaṁ vā kātabbaṁ—or he should make an effort to get it done. kinti nu kho ācariyassa cīvaraṁ rajiyethāti. When he’s dyeing the robe, he should carefully and repeatedly turn it over, and shouldn’t go away while it’s still dripping. Cīvaraṁ rajantena sādhukaṁ samparivattakaṁ samparivattakaṁ rajitabbaṁ, na ca acchinne theve pakkamitabbaṁ.

Without asking his teacher for permission, he shouldn’t do any of the following: give away or receive a bowl; Na ācariyaṁ anāpucchā ekaccassa patto dātabbo, na ekaccassa patto paṭiggahetabbo; give away or receive a robe; na ekaccassa cīvaraṁ dātabbaṁ, na ekaccassa cīvaraṁ paṭiggahetabbaṁ; give away or receive a requisite; na ekaccassa parikkhāro dātabbo, na ekaccassa parikkhāro paṭiggahetabbo; cut anyone’s hair or get it cut; na ekaccassa kesā cheditabbā, na ekaccena kesā chedāpetabbā; provide assistance to anyone or have assistance provided by anyone; na ekaccassa parikammaṁ kātabbaṁ, na ekaccena parikammaṁ kārāpetabbaṁ; do a service for anyone or get a service done by anyone; na ekaccassa veyyāvacco kātabbo, na ekaccena veyyāvacco kārāpetabbo; be the attendant monk for anyone or take anyone as his attendant monk; na ekaccassa pacchāsamaṇena hotabbaṁ, na ekacco pacchāsamaṇo ādātabbo; bring back almsfood for anyone or get almsfood brought back by anyone; na ekaccassa piṇḍapāto nīharitabbo, na ekaccena piṇḍapāto nīharāpetabbo; enter the village, na ācariyaṁ anāpucchā gāmo pavisitabbo; go to the charnel ground, na susānaṁ gantabbaṁ; or leave for another region. na disā pakkamitabbā. If his teacher is sick, he should nurse him for as long as he lives or wait until he has recovered. Sace ācariyo gilāno hoti, yāvajīvaṁ upaṭṭhātabbo, vuṭṭhānamassa āgametabbaṁ.

This is the proper conduct of a pupil toward his teacher.” Idaṁ kho, bhikkhave, antevāsikānaṁ ācariyesu vattaṁ yathā antevāsikehi ācariyesu sammā vattitabban”ti.

14. Discussion of the proper conduct toward a pupil 14. Antevāsikavattakathā

At that time the teachers were not conducting themselves properly toward their pupils. Tena kho pana samayena ācariyā antevāsikesu na sammā vattanti. The monks of few desires complained and criticized them, Ye te bhikkhū appicchā …pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti—“How can the teachers not conduct themselves properly toward their pupils?” “kathañhi nāma ācariyā antevāsikesu na sammā vattissantī”ti. They told the Buddha. Atha kho te bhikkhū bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ. Soon afterwards he had the Sangha gathered and questioned the monks: Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṁ nidāne etasmiṁ pakaraṇe bhikkhusaṅghaṁ sannipātāpetvā bhikkhū paṭipucchi—“Is it true, monks, that the teachers are not conducting themselves properly toward their pupils?” “saccaṁ kira, bhikkhave, ācariyā antevāsikesu na sammā vattantī”ti? “It’s true, sir.” … “Saccaṁ, bhagavā”ti …pe… After rebuking them … vigarahitvā …pe… the Buddha gave a teaching and addressed the monks: dhammiṁ kathaṁ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi—

“Well then, I’ll lay down the proper conduct for a teacher toward his pupil. “Tena hi, bhikkhave, ācariyānaṁ antevāsikesu vattaṁ paññapessāmi yathā ācariyehi antevāsikesu sammā vattitabbaṁ. A teacher should conduct himself properly toward his pupil. Ācariyena, bhikkhave, antevāsikamhi sammā vattitabbaṁ. This is the proper conduct: Tatrāyaṁ sammāvattanā—

A teacher should help and take care of his pupil through recitation, questioning, and instruction. Ācariyena, bhikkhave, antevāsiko saṅgahetabbo anuggahetabbo uddesena paripucchāya ovādena anusāsaniyā. If the teacher has a bowl, but not the pupil, the teacher should give it to him, Sace ācariyassa patto hoti, antevāsikassa patto na hoti, ācariyena antevāsikassa patto dātabbo, ussukkaṁ vā kātabbaṁ—or he should make an effort to get him one. kinti nu kho antevāsikassa patto uppajjiyethāti. If the teacher has a robe, but not the pupil, the teacher should give it to him, Sace ācariyassa cīvaraṁ hoti, antevāsikassa cīvaraṁ na hoti, ācariyena antevāsikassa cīvaraṁ dātabbaṁ, ussukkaṁ vā kātabbaṁ—or he should make an effort to get him one. kinti nu kho antevāsikassa cīvaraṁ uppajjiyethāti. If the teacher has a requisite, but not the pupil, the teacher should give it to him, Sace ācariyassa parikkhāro hoti, antevāsikassa parikkhāro na hoti, ācariyena antevāsikassa parikkhāro dātabbo, ussukkaṁ vā kātabbaṁ—or he should make an effort to get him one.” kinti nu kho antevāsikassa parikkhāro uppajjiyethāti.

Meals and almsround

“If the pupil is sick, the teacher should get up at the appropriate time and give his pupil a tooth cleaner and water for rinsing the mouth, and he should prepare a seat for him. Sace antevāsiko gilāno hoti, kālasseva uṭṭhāya dantakaṭṭhaṁ dātabbaṁ, mukhodakaṁ dātabbaṁ, āsanaṁ paññapetabbaṁ. If there’s congee, he should rinse a vessel and bring the congee to his pupil. Sace yāgu hoti, bhājanaṁ dhovitvā yāgu upanāmetabbā. When he has drunk the congee, the teacher should give him water and receive the vessel. Holding it low, he should wash it carefully without scratching it and then put it away. Yāguṁ pītassa udakaṁ datvā bhājanaṁ paṭiggahetvā nīcaṁ katvā sādhukaṁ appaṭighaṁsantena dhovitvā paṭisāmetabbaṁ. When the pupil has gotten up, the teacher should put away the seat. Antevāsikamhi vuṭṭhite āsanaṁ uddharitabbaṁ. If the place is dirty, he should sweep it. Sace so deso uklāpo hoti, so deso sammajjitabbo.

If the pupil wants to enter the village, the teacher should give him a sarong and receive the one he’s wearing in return. He should give him a belt. He should put the upper robes together, overlapping each other edge-to-edge, and then give them to him. He should rinse his pupil’s bowl and give it to him while wet. Sace antevāsiko gāmaṁ pavisitukāmo hoti, nivāsanaṁ dātabbaṁ, paṭinivāsanaṁ paṭiggahetabbaṁ, kāyabandhanaṁ dātabbaṁ, saguṇaṁ katvā saṅghāṭiyo dātabbā, dhovitvā patto sodako dātabbo.

Before he’s due back, the teacher should prepare a seat and set out a foot stool, a foot scraper, and water for washing the feet. He should go out to meet the pupil and receive his bowl and robe. He should give him a sarong and receive the one he’s wearing in return. Ettāvatā nivattissatīti āsanaṁ paññapetabbaṁ, pādodakaṁ pādapīṭhaṁ pādakathalikaṁ upanikkhipitabbaṁ, paccuggantvā pattacīvaraṁ paṭiggahetabbaṁ, paṭinivāsanaṁ dātabbaṁ, nivāsanaṁ paṭiggahetabbaṁ. If the robe is damp, he should sun it for a short while, but shouldn’t leave it in the heat. Sace cīvaraṁ sinnaṁ hoti, muhuttaṁ uṇhe otāpetabbaṁ, na ca uṇhe cīvaraṁ nidahitabbaṁ. He should fold the robe, Cīvaraṁ saṅgharitabbaṁ. offsetting the edges by seven centimeters, Cīvaraṁ saṅgharantena caturaṅgulaṁ kaṇṇaṁ ussāretvā cīvaraṁ saṅgharitabbaṁ—so that the fold doesn’t become worn. mā majjhe bhaṅgo ahosīti. He should place the belt in the fold. Obhoge kāyabandhanaṁ kātabbaṁ.

If there’s almsfood and his pupil wants to eat, the teacher should give him water and then the almsfood. Sace piṇḍapāto hoti, antevāsiko ca bhuñjitukāmo hoti, udakaṁ datvā piṇḍapāto upanāmetabbo. He should ask his pupil if he wants water to drink. Antevāsiko pānīyena pucchitabbo. When the pupil has eaten, the teacher should give him water and receive his bowl. Holding it low, he should wash it carefully without scratching it. He should then dry it and sun it for a short while, but shouldn’t leave it in the heat. Bhuttāvissa udakaṁ datvā pattaṁ paṭiggahetvā nīcaṁ katvā sādhukaṁ appaṭighaṁsantena dhovitvā vodakaṁ katvā muhuttaṁ uṇhe otāpetabbo, na ca uṇhe patto nidahitabbo. The teacher should put away the robe and bowl. Pattacīvaraṁ nikkhipitabbaṁ. When putting away the bowl, he should hold the bowl in one hand, feel under the bed or the bench with the other, and then put it away. He shouldn’t put the bowl away on the bare floor. Pattaṁ nikkhipantena …pe… When putting away the robe, he should hold the robe in one hand, wipe the bamboo robe rack or the clothesline with the other, and then put it away by folding the robe over it, cīvaraṁ nikkhipantena …pe… making the ends face the wall and the fold face out. pārato antaṁ orato bhogaṁ katvā cīvaraṁ nikkhipitabbaṁ. When the pupil has gotten up, the teacher should put away the seat and also the foot stool, the foot scraper, and the water for washing the feet. Antevāsikamhi uṭṭhite āsanaṁ uddharitabbaṁ, pādodakaṁ pādapīṭhaṁ pādakathalikaṁ paṭisāmetabbaṁ. If the place is dirty, he should sweep it.” Sace so deso uklāpo hoti, so deso sammajjitabbo.

Bathing

“If the pupil wants to bathe, the teacher should prepare a bath. Sace antevāsiko nahāyitukāmo hoti, nahānaṁ paṭiyādetabbaṁ. If he wants a cold bath, he should prepare that; Sace sītena attho hoti, sītaṁ paṭiyādetabbaṁ. if he wants a hot bath, he should prepare that. Sace uṇhena attho hoti, uṇhaṁ paṭiyādetabbaṁ.

If the pupil wants to take a sauna, the teacher should knead bath powder, moisten the clay, take a sauna bench, and go to the sauna. After giving his pupil the sauna bench, receiving his robe, and putting it aside, he should give him the bath powder and the clay. Sace antevāsiko jantāgharaṁ pavisitukāmo hoti, cuṇṇaṁ sannetabbaṁ, mattikā temetabbā, jantāgharapīṭhaṁ ādāya gantvā jantāgharapīṭhaṁ datvā cīvaraṁ paṭiggahetvā ekamantaṁ nikkhipitabbaṁ, cuṇṇaṁ dātabbaṁ, mattikā dātabbā. If he’s able, he should enter the sauna. Sace ussahati jantāgharaṁ pavisitabbaṁ. When entering the sauna, he should smear his face with clay, cover himself front and back, and then enter. Jantāgharaṁ pavisantena mattikāya mukhaṁ makkhetvā purato ca pacchato ca paṭicchādetvā jantāgharaṁ pavisitabbaṁ. He shouldn’t sit encroaching on the senior monks, Na there bhikkhū anupakhajja nisīditabbaṁ. or block the junior monks from getting a seat. Na navā bhikkhū āsanena paṭibāhitabbā. While in the sauna, he should provide assistance to his pupil. Jantāghare antevāsikassa parikammaṁ kātabbaṁ. When leaving the sauna, he should take the sauna bench, cover himself front and back, and then leave. Jantāgharā nikkhamantena jantāgharapīṭhaṁ ādāya purato ca pacchato ca paṭicchādetvā jantāgharā nikkhamitabbaṁ.

The teacher should also provide assistance to his pupil in the water. Udakepi antevāsikassa parikammaṁ kātabbaṁ. When the teacher has bathed, he should be the first to come out. He should dry himself and put on his sarong. He should then wipe the water off his pupil’s body, and he should give him his sarong and then his upper robe. Taking the sauna bench, he should be the first to return. He should prepare a seat, and also set out a foot stool, a foot scraper, and water for washing the feet. He should ask his pupil if he wants water to drink.” Nahātena paṭhamataraṁ uttaritvā attano gattaṁ vodakaṁ katvā nivāsetvā antevāsikassa gattato udakaṁ pamajjitabbaṁ, nivāsanaṁ dātabbaṁ, saṅghāṭi dātabbā, jantāgharapīṭhaṁ ādāya paṭhamataraṁ āgantvā āsanaṁ paññapetabbaṁ, pādodakaṁ pādapīṭhaṁ pādakathalikaṁ upanikkhipitabbaṁ, antevāsiko pānīyena pucchitabbo.

The dwelling

“If the dwelling where the pupil is staying is dirty, the teacher should clean it if he’s able. Yasmiṁ vihāre antevāsiko viharati, sace so vihāro uklāpo hoti, sace ussahati, sodhetabbo. When he’s cleaning the dwelling, he should first take out the bowl and robe and put them aside. He should take out the sitting mat and the sheet and put them aside. He should take out the mattress and the pillow and put them aside. Holding the bed low, he should carefully take it out without scratching it or knocking it against the door or the door frame, and he should put it aside. Holding the bench low, he should carefully take it out without scratching it or knocking it against the door or the door frame, and he should put it aside. He should take out the bed supports and put them aside. He should take out the spittoon and put it aside. He should take out the leaning board and put it aside. After taking note of its position, he should take out the floor cover and put it aside. If the dwelling has cobwebs, he should first remove them from the ceiling cloth, and he should then wipe the windows and the corners of the room. If the walls have been treated with red ocher and they’re moldy, he should moisten a cloth, wring it out, and wipe the walls. If the floor has been treated with a black finish and it’s moldy, he should moisten a cloth, wring it out, and wipe the floor. If the floor is untreated, he should sprinkle it with water and then sweep it, trying to avoid stirring up dust. He should look out for any trash and discard it. Vihāraṁ sodhentena paṭhamaṁ pattacīvaraṁ nīharitvā ekamantaṁ nikkhipitabbaṁ

He should sun the floor cover, clean it, beat it, bring it back inside, and put it back as before. He should sun the bed supports, wipe them, bring them back inside, and put them back as before. He should sun the bed, clean it, and beat it. Holding it low, he should carefully bring it back inside without scratching it or knocking it against the door or the door frame, and he should put it back as before. He should sun the bench, clean it, and beat it. Holding it low, he should carefully bring it back inside without scratching it or knocking it against the door or the door frame, and he should put it back as before. He should sun the mattress and the pillow, clean them, beat them, bring them back inside, and put them back as before. He should sun the sitting mat and the sheet, clean them, beat them, bring them back inside, and put them back as before. He should sun the spittoon, wipe it, bring it back inside, and put it back where it was. He should sun the leaning board, wipe it, bring it back inside, and put it back where it was. He should put away the bowl and robe. When putting away the bowl, he should hold the bowl in one hand, feel under the bed or the bench with the other, and then put it away. He shouldn’t put the bowl away on the bare floor. When putting away the robe, he should hold the robe in one hand, wipe the bamboo robe rack or the clothesline with the other, and then put it away by folding the robe over it, making the ends face the wall and the fold face out. …pe…

If dusty winds are blowing from the east, he should close the windows on the eastern side. If dusty winds are blowing from the west, he should close the windows on the western side. If dusty winds are blowing from the north, he should close the windows on the northern side. If dusty winds are blowing from the south, he should close the windows on the southern side. If the weather is cold, he should open the windows during the day and close them at night. If the weather is hot, he should close the windows during the day and open them at night.

If the yard is dirty, he should sweep it. If the gateway is dirty, he should sweep it. If the assembly hall is dirty, he should sweep it. If the water-boiling shed is dirty, he should sweep it. If the restroom is dirty, he should sweep it. If there’s no water for drinking, he should get some. If there’s no water for washing, he should get some. If there’s no water in the restroom ablutions pot, he should fill it.” ācamanakumbhiyā udakaṁ na hoti, ācamanakumbhiyā udakaṁ āsiñcitabbaṁ.

Spiritual support, etc.

“If the pupil becomes discontent with the spiritual life, the teacher should send him away or have him sent away, or he should give him a teaching. Sace antevāsikassa anabhirati uppannā hoti, ācariyena vūpakāsetabbo, vūpakāsāpetabbo, dhammakathā vāssa kātabbā. If the pupil becomes anxious, the teacher should dispel it or have it dispelled, or he should give him a teaching. Sace antevāsikassa kukkuccaṁ uppannaṁ hoti, ācariyena vinodetabbaṁ, vinodāpetabbaṁ, dhammakathā vāssa kātabbā. If the pupil has wrong view, the teacher should make him give it up or have someone else do it, or he should give him a teaching. Sace antevāsikassa diṭṭhigataṁ uppannaṁ hoti, ācariyena vivecetabbaṁ, vivecāpetabbaṁ, dhammakathā vāssa kātabbā. If the pupil has committed a heavy offense and deserves probation, Sace antevāsiko garudhammaṁ ajjhāpanno hoti, parivāsāraho, ācariyena ussukkaṁ kātabbaṁ—the teacher should try to get the Sangha to give it to him. kinti nu kho saṅgho antevāsikassa parivāsaṁ dadeyyāti. If the pupil has committed a heavy offense and deserves to be sent back to the beginning, Sace antevāsiko mūlāyapaṭikassanāraho hoti, ācariyena ussukkaṁ kātabbaṁ—the teacher should try to get the Sangha to do it. kinti nu kho saṅgho antevāsikaṁ mūlāya paṭikasseyyāti. If the pupil has committed a heavy offense and deserves the trial period, Sace antevāsiko mānattāraho hoti, ācariyena ussukkaṁ kātabbaṁ—the teacher should try to get the Sangha to give it to him. kinti nu kho saṅgho antevāsikassa mānattaṁ dadeyyāti. If the pupil has committed a heavy offense and deserves rehabilitation, Sace antevāsiko abbhānāraho hoti, ācariyena ussukkaṁ kātabbaṁ—the teacher should try to get the Sangha to give it to him. kinti nu kho saṅgho antevāsikaṁ abbheyyāti.

If the Sangha wants to do a legal procedure against his pupil—whether a procedure of condemnation, demotion, banishment, reconciliation, or ejection—Sace saṅgho antevāsikassa kammaṁ kattukāmo hoti, tajjanīyaṁ vā niyassaṁ vā pabbājanīyaṁ vā paṭisāraṇīyaṁ vā ukkhepanīyaṁ vā, ācariyena ussukkaṁ kātabbaṁ—the teacher should make an effort to stop it or to reduce the penalty. kinti nu kho saṅgho antevāsikassa kammaṁ na kareyya, lahukāya vā pariṇāmeyyāti. But if the Sangha has already done a legal procedure against his pupil—whether a procedure of condemnation, demotion, banishment, reconciliation, or ejection—Kataṁ vā panassa hoti, saṅghena kammaṁ, tajjanīyaṁ vā niyassaṁ vā pabbājanīyaṁ vā paṭisāraṇīyaṁ vā ukkhepanīyaṁ vā, ācariyena ussukkaṁ kātabbaṁ—the teacher should help the pupil conduct himself properly and suitably so as to deserve to be released, and try to get the Sangha to lift that procedure. kinti nu kho antevāsiko sammā vatteyya, lomaṁ pāteyya, netthāraṁ vatteyya, saṅgho taṁ kammaṁ paṭippassambheyyāti.

If the pupil’s robe needs washing, the teacher should show him how to do it, Sace antevāsikassa cīvaraṁ dhovitabbaṁ hoti, ācariyena ācikkhitabbaṁ—evaṁ dhoveyyāsīti, or he should make an effort to get it done. ussukkaṁ vā kātabbaṁ—kinti nu kho antevāsikassa cīvaraṁ dhoviyethāti. If the pupil needs a robe, the teacher should show him how to make one, Sace antevāsikassa cīvaraṁ kātabbaṁ hoti, ācariyena ācikkhitabbaṁ—evaṁ kareyyāsīti, or he should make an effort to get one made. ussukkaṁ vā kātabbaṁ—kinti nu kho antevāsikassa cīvaraṁ kariyethāti. If the pupil needs dye, the teacher should show him how to make it, Sace antevāsikassa rajanaṁ pacitabbaṁ hoti, ācariyena ācikkhitabbaṁ—evaṁ paceyyāsīti, or he should make an effort to get it made. ussukkaṁ vā kātabbaṁ—kinti nu kho antevāsikassa rajanaṁ paciyethāti. If the pupil’s robe needs dyeing, the teacher should show him how to do it, Sace antevāsikassa cīvaraṁ rajitabbaṁ hoti, ācariyena ācikkhitabbaṁ—evaṁ rajeyyāsīti, or he should make an effort to get it done. ussukkaṁ vā kātabbaṁ—kinti nu kho antevāsikassa cīvaraṁ rajiyethāti. When he’s dyeing the robe, he should carefully and repeatedly turn it over, Cīvaraṁ rajantena sādhukaṁ samparivattakaṁ samparivattakaṁ rajitabbaṁ. and shouldn’t go away while it’s still dripping. Na ca acchinne theve pakkamitabbaṁ. If his pupil is sick, he should nurse him for as long as he lives or wait until he has recovered. Sace antevāsiko gilāno hoti, yāvajīvaṁ upaṭṭhātabbo, vuṭṭhānamassa āgametabbaṁ.

This is the proper conduct of a teacher toward his pupil.” Idaṁ kho, bhikkhave, ācariyānaṁ antevāsikesu vattaṁ yathā ācariyehi antevāsikesu sammā vattitabban”ti.

The eighth chapter on proper conduct is finished. In this chapter there are nineteen topics and fourteen kinds of proper conduct. Vattakkhandhako aṭṭhamo. Imamhi khandhake vatthū ekūnavīsati, vattā cuddasa.

The chapter on proper conduct is finished. Vattakkhandhako niṭṭhito.