1. The subdivision on reopening, etc. 1. Ukkoṭanabhedādi

There are four kinds of legal issues: Cattāri adhikaraṇāni. legal issues arising from disputes, legal issues arising from accusations, legal issues arising from offenses, legal issues arising from business. Vivādādhikaraṇaṁ, anuvādādhikaraṇaṁ, āpattādhikaraṇaṁ, kiccādhikaraṇaṁ—imāni cattāri adhikaraṇāni.

How many kinds of reopening are there of these four legal issues? Imesaṁ catunnaṁ adhikaraṇānaṁ kati ukkoṭā? Ten. Imesaṁ catunnaṁ adhikaraṇānaṁ dasa ukkoṭā. There are two kinds of reopening of legal issues arising from disputes, four of legal issues arising from accusations, three of legal issues arising from offenses, and one of legal issues arising from business. Vivādādhikaraṇassa dve ukkoṭā, anuvādādhikaraṇassa cattāro ukkoṭā, āpattādhikaraṇassa tayo ukkoṭā, kiccādhikaraṇassa eko ukkoṭo—imesaṁ catunnaṁ adhikaraṇānaṁ ime dasa ukkoṭā.

When reopening a legal issue arising from a dispute, how many of the principles for settling it does one reopen? Vivādādhikaraṇaṁ ukkoṭento kati samathe ukkoṭeti? When reopening a legal issue arising from an accusation, how many of the principles for settling it does one reopen? Anuvādādhikaraṇaṁ ukkoṭento kati samathe ukkoṭeti? When reopening a legal issue arising from an offense, how many of the principles for settling it does one reopen? Āpattādhikaraṇaṁ ukkoṭento kati samathe ukkoṭeti? When reopening a legal issue arising from business, how many of the principles for settling it does one reopen? Kiccādhikaraṇaṁ ukkoṭento kati samathe ukkoṭeti?

When reopening a legal issue arising from a dispute, one reopens two principles for settling it. Vivādādhikaraṇaṁ ukkoṭento dve samathe ukkoṭeti. When reopening a legal issue arising from an accusation, one reopens four principles for settling it. Anuvādādhikaraṇaṁ ukkoṭento cattāro samathe ukkoṭeti. When reopening a legal issue arising from an offense, one reopens three principles for settling it. Āpattādhikaraṇaṁ ukkoṭento tayo samathe ukkoṭeti. When reopening a legal issue arising from business, one reopens one principle for settling it. Kiccādhikaraṇaṁ ukkoṭento ekaṁ samathaṁ ukkoṭeti.

How many kinds of reopening are there? Kati ukkoṭā? In how many ways does a reopening come about? Katihākārehi ukkoṭanaṁ pasavati? How many attributes do people who reopen legal issues have? Katihaṅgehi samannāgato puggalo adhikaraṇaṁ ukkoṭeti? How many kinds of people commit an offense when they reopen a legal issue? Kati puggalā adhikaraṇaṁ ukkoṭentā āpattiṁ āpajjanti?

There are twelve kinds of reopening. Dvādasa ukkoṭā. A reopening comes about in ten ways. Dasahākārehi ukkoṭanaṁ pasavati. People who reopen legal issues have four attributes. Catūhaṅgehi samannāgato puggalo adhikaraṇaṁ ukkoṭeti. There are four kinds of people who commit an offense when they reopen legal issues. Cattāro puggalā adhikaraṇaṁ ukkoṭentā āpattiṁ āpajjanti?

What are the twelve kinds of reopening? Katame dvādasa ukkoṭā? “The legal procedure hasn’t been done”; “it’s been done badly”; “it should be done again”; “it’s not been settled”; “it’s been badly settled”; “it should be settled again”; “it’s not been decided”; “it’s been badly decided”; “it should be decided again”; “it’s not been disposed of”; “it’s been badly disposed of”; “it should be disposed of again”. Akataṁ kammaṁ, dukkaṭaṁ kammaṁ, puna kātabbaṁ kammaṁ, anihataṁ, dunnihataṁ, puna nihanitabbaṁ, avinicchitaṁ, duvinicchitaṁ, puna vinicchitabbaṁ, avūpasantaṁ, duvūpasantaṁ, puna vūpasametabbanti—ime dvādasa ukkoṭā.

What are the ten ways that a reopening comes about? Katamehi dasahākārehi ukkoṭanaṁ pasavati? One reopens a legal issue where it arose; one reopens a legal issue where it arose and was resolved; one reopens a legal issue while traveling; one reopens a legal issue that was resolved while traveling; one reopens a legal issue after going there; one reopens a legal issue that was resolved after going there; one reopens a resolution through recollection; one reopens a resolution because of past insanity; one reopens a decision on giving a further penalty; one reopens a decision on covering over as if with grass. Tattha jātakaṁ adhikaraṇaṁ ukkoṭeti, tattha jātakaṁ vūpasantaṁ adhikaraṇaṁ ukkoṭeti, antarāmagge adhikaraṇaṁ ukkoṭeti, antarāmagge vūpasantaṁ adhikaraṇaṁ ukkoṭeti, tattha gataṁ adhikaraṇaṁ ukkoṭeti, tattha gataṁ vūpasantaṁ adhikaraṇaṁ ukkoṭeti, sativinayaṁ ukkoṭeti, amūḷhavinayaṁ ukkoṭeti, tassapāpiyasikaṁ ukkoṭeti, tiṇavatthārakaṁ ukkoṭeti—imehi dasahākārehi ukkoṭanaṁ pasavati.

What are the four attributes of people who reopen legal issues? Katamehi catūhaṅgehi samannāgato puggalo adhikaraṇaṁ ukkoṭeti? They reopen legal issues biased by desire, ill will, confusion, or fear. Chandāgatiṁ gacchanto adhikaraṇaṁ ukkoṭeti, dosāgatiṁ gacchanto adhikaraṇaṁ ukkoṭeti, mohāgatiṁ gacchanto adhikaraṇaṁ ukkoṭeti, bhayāgatiṁ gacchanto adhikaraṇaṁ ukkoṭeti—imehi catūhaṅgehi samannāgato puggalo adhikaraṇaṁ ukkoṭeti.

Who are the four kinds of people who commit an offense when they reopen a legal issue? Katame cattāro puggalā adhikaraṇaṁ ukkoṭentā āpattiṁ āpajjanti? If one who was ordained on that very day does the reopening, they commit an offense entailing confession; if one who has newly arrived does the reopening, they commit an offense entailing confession; if the original doer does the reopening, they commit an offense entailing confession; if one who had given their consent does the reopening, they commit an offense entailing confession. Tadahupasampanno ukkoṭeti ukkoṭanakaṁ pācittiyaṁ, āgantuko ukkoṭeti ukkoṭanakaṁ pācittiyaṁ, kārako ukkoṭeti ukkoṭanakaṁ pācittiyaṁ, chandadāyako ukkoṭeti ukkoṭanakaṁ pācittiyaṁ—ime cattāro puggalā adhikaraṇaṁ ukkoṭentā āpattiṁ āpajjanti.

2. The sources of the legal issues, etc. 2. Adhikaraṇanidānādi

What is the source, the origin, the birth, the arising, the production, the origination of legal issues arising from disputes? Vivādādhikaraṇaṁ kiṁnidānaṁ, kiṁsamudayaṁ, kiṁjātikaṁ, kiṁpabhavaṁ, kiṁsambhāraṁ, kiṁsamuṭṭhānaṁ? What is the source, the origin, the birth, the arising, the production, the origination of legal issues arising from accusations? Anuvādādhikaraṇaṁ kiṁnidānaṁ, kiṁsamudayaṁ, kiṁjātikaṁ, kiṁpabhavaṁ, kiṁsambhāraṁ, kiṁsamuṭṭhānaṁ? What is the source, the origin, the birth, the arising, the production, the origination of legal issues arising from offenses? Āpattādhikaraṇaṁ kiṁnidānaṁ, kiṁsamudayaṁ, kiṁjātikaṁ, kiṁpabhavaṁ, kiṁsambhāraṁ, kiṁsamuṭṭhānaṁ? What is the source, the origin, the birth, the arising, the production, the origination of legal issues arising from business? Kiccādhikaraṇaṁ kiṁnidānaṁ, kiṁsamudayaṁ, kiṁjātikaṁ, kiṁpabhavaṁ, kiṁsambhāraṁ, kiṁsamuṭṭhānaṁ?

Legal issues arising from disputes have disputes as their source, their origin, their birth, their arising, their production, their origination. Vivādādhikaraṇaṁ vivādanidānaṁ vivādasamudayaṁ vivādajātikaṁ vivādapabhavaṁ vivādasambhāraṁ vivādasamuṭṭhānaṁ. Legal issues arising from accusations have accusations as their source, their origin, their birth, their arising, their production, their origination. Anuvādādhikaraṇaṁ anuvādanidānaṁ anuvādasamudayaṁ anuvādajātikaṁ anuvādapabhavaṁ anuvādasambhāraṁ anuvādasamuṭṭhānaṁ. Legal issues arising from offenses have offenses as their source, their origin, their birth, their arising, their production, their origination. Āpattādhikaraṇaṁ āpattinidānaṁ āpattisamudayaṁ āpattijātikaṁ āpattipabhavaṁ āpattisambhāraṁ āpattisamuṭṭhānaṁ. Legal issues arising from business have business as their source, their origin, their birth, their arising, their production, their origination. Kiccādhikaraṇaṁ kiccayanidānaṁ kiccayasamudayaṁ kiccayajātikaṁ kiccayapabhavaṁ kiccayasambhāraṁ kiccayasamuṭṭhānaṁ.

What is the source, the origin, the birth, the arising, the production, the origination of legal issues arising from disputes? Vivādādhikaraṇaṁ kiṁnidānaṁ, kiṁsamudayaṁ, kiṁjātikaṁ, kiṁpabhavaṁ, kiṁsambhāraṁ, kiṁsamuṭṭhānaṁ? … of legal issues arising from accusations? Anuvādādhikaraṇaṁ …pe… … of legal issues arising from offenses? āpattādhikaraṇaṁ …pe… … of legal issues arising from business? kiccādhikaraṇaṁ kiṁnidānaṁ, kiṁsamudayaṁ, kiṁjātikaṁ, kiṁpabhavaṁ, kiṁsambhāraṁ, kiṁsamuṭṭhānaṁ?

Legal issues arising from disputes have causes as their source, their origin, their birth, their arising, their production, their origination. Vivādādhikaraṇaṁ hetunidānaṁ, hetusamudayaṁ, hetujātikaṁ, hetupabhavaṁ, hetusambhāraṁ, hetusamuṭṭhānaṁ. Legal issues arising from accusations … Anuvādādhikaraṇaṁ …pe… Legal issues arising from offenses … āpattādhikaraṇaṁ …pe… Legal issues arising from business have causes as their source, their origin, their birth, their arising, their production, their origination. kiccādhikaraṇaṁ hetunidānaṁ, hetusamudayaṁ, hetujātikaṁ, hetupabhavaṁ, hetusambhāraṁ, hetusamuṭṭhānaṁ.

What is the source, the origin, the birth, the arising, the production, the origination of legal issues arising from disputes? Vivādādhikaraṇaṁ kiṁnidānaṁ, kiṁsamudayaṁ, kiṁjātikaṁ, kiṁpabhavaṁ, kiṁsambhāraṁ, kiṁsamuṭṭhānaṁ? … of legal issues arising from accusations? Anuvādādhikaraṇaṁ …pe… … of legal issues arising from offenses? āpattādhikaraṇaṁ …pe… … of legal issues arising from business? kiccādhikaraṇaṁ kiṁnidānaṁ, kiṁsamudayaṁ, kiṁjātikaṁ, kiṁpabhavaṁ, kiṁsambhāraṁ, kiṁsamuṭṭhānaṁ?

Legal issues arising from disputes have conditions as their source, their origin, their birth, their arising, their production, their origination. Vivādādhikaraṇaṁ paccayanidānaṁ, paccayasamudayaṁ, paccayajātikaṁ, paccayapabhavaṁ, paccayasambhāraṁ, paccayasamuṭṭhānaṁ. Legal issues arising from accusations … Anuvādādhikaraṇaṁ …pe… Legal issues arising from offenses … āpattādhikaraṇaṁ …pe… Legal issues arising from business have conditions as their source, their origin, their birth, their arising, their production, their origination. kiccādhikaraṇaṁ paccayanidānaṁ, paccayasamudayaṁ, paccayajātikaṁ, paccayapabhavaṁ, paccayasambhāraṁ, paccayasamuṭṭhānaṁ.

3. The roots of legal issues, etc. 3. Adhikaraṇamūlādi

How many roots do the four kinds of legal issues have, and how many originations? Catunnaṁ adhikaraṇānaṁ kati mūlāni, kati samuṭṭhānā? They have thirty-three roots, and thirty-three originations. Catunnaṁ adhikaraṇānaṁ tettiṁsa mūlāni, tettiṁsa samuṭṭhānā.

What are the thirty-three roots? Catunnaṁ adhikaraṇānaṁ katamāni tettiṁsa mūlāni? Legal issues arising from disputes have twelve roots; legal issues arising from accusations have fourteen roots; legal issues arising from offenses have six roots; legal issues arising from business have one root, the Sangha. Vivādādhikaraṇassa dvādasa mūlāni, anuvādādhikaraṇassa cuddasa mūlāni, āpattādhikaraṇassa cha mūlāni, kiccādhikaraṇassa ekaṁ mūlaṁ, saṅgho—catunnaṁ adhikaraṇānaṁ imāni tettiṁsa mūlāni.

What are the thirty-three originations? Catunnaṁ adhikaraṇānaṁ katame tettiṁsa samuṭṭhānā? Legal issues arising from disputes originate from the eighteen grounds for schism; legal issues arising from accusations originate from the four kinds of failure; legal issues arising from offenses originate from the seven classes of offenses; legal issues arising from business originate from the four kinds of legal procedures. Vivādādhikaraṇassa aṭṭhārasabhedakaravatthūni samuṭṭhānā, anuvādādhikaraṇassa catasso vipattiyo samuṭṭhānā, āpattādhikaraṇassa sattāpattikkhandhā samuṭṭhānā, kiccādhikaraṇassa cattāri kammāni samuṭṭhānā—catunnaṁ adhikaraṇānaṁ ime tettiṁsa samuṭṭhānā.

4. Offenses because of legal issues 4. Adhikaraṇapaccayāpatti

“Is a legal issue arising from a dispute an offense or not an offense?” Vivādādhikaraṇaṁ āpattānāpattīti? It is not an offense. Vivādādhikaraṇaṁ na āpatti. “Is it possible to commit an offense because of a legal issue arising from a dispute?” Kiṁ pana vivādādhikaraṇapaccayā āpattiṁ āpajjeyyāti? Yes. Āma, vivādādhikaraṇapaccayā āpattiṁ āpajjeyya. How many offenses does one commit because of legal issues arising from disputes? Vivādādhikaraṇapaccayā kati āpattiyo āpajjati? Two: Vivādādhikaraṇapaccayā dve āpattiyo āpajjati. there is an offense entailing confession for abusing one who is fully ordained; Upasampannaṁ omasati, āpatti pācittiyassa; there is an offense of wrong conduct for abusing one who is not fully ordained. anupasampannaṁ omasati, āpatti dukkaṭassa—vivādādhikaraṇapaccayā imā dve āpattiyo āpajjati.

When it comes to these offenses, to how many of the four kinds of failure do they belong? Tā āpattiyo catunnaṁ vipattīnaṁ kati vipattiyo bhajanti? To which of the four kinds of legal issues do they belong? Catunnaṁ adhikaraṇānaṁ katamaṁ adhikaraṇaṁ? In how many of the seven classes of offenses are they found? Sattannaṁ āpattikkhandhānaṁ katihi āpattikkhandhehi saṅgahitā? Through how many of the six kinds of originations of offenses do they originate? Channaṁ āpattisamuṭṭhānānaṁ katihi samuṭṭhānehi samuṭṭhanti? Through how many kinds of legal issues, in how many places, and through how many of the principles for settling legal issues are they settled? Katihi adhikaraṇehi, katisu ṭhānesu, katihi samathehi sammanti?

They belong to one kind of failure: Tā āpattiyo catunnaṁ vipattīnaṁ ekaṁ vipattiṁ bhajanti—failure in conduct. ācāravipattiṁ. They belong to legal issues arising from an offense. Catunnaṁ adhikaraṇānaṁ, āpattādhikaraṇaṁ. They are found in two classes of offenses: Sattannaṁ āpattikkhandhānaṁ dvīhi āpattikkhandhehi saṅgahitā—they may be in the class of offenses entailing confession; they may be in the class of offenses of wrong conduct. siyā pācittiyāpattikkhandhena, siyā dukkaṭāpattikkhandhena. They originate in three ways. Channaṁ āpattisamuṭṭhānānaṁ tīhi samuṭṭhānehi samuṭṭhanti. They are settled through one kind of legal issue: Ekena adhikaraṇena—a legal issue arising from business. kiccādhikaraṇena; They are settled in three places: tīsu ṭhānesu—in the midst of the Sangha, in the midst of a group, or in the presence of an individual. saṅghamajjhe, gaṇamajjhe, puggalassa santike; They are settled through three principles: tīhi samathehi sammanti—they may be settled by resolution face-to-face and by acting according to what has been admitted; or they may be settled by resolution face-to-face and by covering over as if with grass. siyā sammukhāvinayena ca paṭiññātakaraṇena ca, siyā sammukhāvinayena ca tiṇavatthārakena ca.

“Is a legal issue arising from an accusation an offense or not an offense?” Anuvādādhikaraṇaṁ āpattānāpattīti? It is not an offense. Anuvādādhikaraṇaṁ na āpatti. “Is it possible to commit an offense because of a legal issue arising from an accusation?” Kiṁ pana anuvādādhikaraṇapaccayā āpattiṁ āpajjeyyāti? Yes. Āma, anuvādādhikaraṇapaccayā āpattiṁ āpajjeyya. How many offenses does one commit because of legal issues arising from accusations? Anuvādādhikaraṇapaccayā, kati āpattiyo āpajjati? Three: Anuvādādhikaraṇapaccayā tisso āpattiyo āpajjati. there is an offense entailing suspension for groundlessly charging a monk with an offense entailing expulsion; Bhikkhuṁ amūlakena pārājikena dhammena anuddhaṁseti, āpatti saṅghādisesassa; there is an offense entailing confession for groundlessly charging someone with an offense entailing suspension; amūlakena saṅghādisesena anuddhaṁseti, āpatti pācittiyassa; there is an offense of wrong conduct for groundlessly charging someone with failure in conduct. amūlikāya ācāravipattiyā anuddhaṁseti, āpatti dukkaṭassa—anuvādādhikaraṇapaccayā imā tisso āpattiyo āpajjati.

When it comes to these offenses, to how many of the four kinds of failure do they belong? Tā āpattiyo catunnaṁ vipattīnaṁ kati vipattiyo bhajanti? To which of the four kinds of legal issues do they belong? Catunnaṁ adhikaraṇānaṁ katamaṁ adhikaraṇaṁ? In how many of the seven classes of offenses are they found? Sattannaṁ āpattikkhandhānaṁ katihi āpattikkhandhehi saṅgahitā? Through how many of the six kinds of originations of offenses do they originate? Channaṁ āpattisamuṭṭhānānaṁ katihi samuṭṭhānehi samuṭṭhanti? Through how many kinds of legal issues, in how many places, and through how many of the principles for settling legal issues are they settled? Katihi adhikaraṇehi, katisu ṭhānesu, katihi samathehi sammanti?

They belong to two kinds of failure: Tā āpattiyo catunnaṁ vipattīnaṁ dve vipattiyo bhajanti—they may be failure in morality; they may be failure in conduct. siyā sīlavipattiṁ, siyā ācāravipattiṁ. They belong to legal issues arising from an offense. Catunnaṁ adhikaraṇānaṁ, āpattādhikaraṇaṁ. They are found in three classes of offenses: Sattannaṁ āpattikkhandhānaṁ tīhi āpattikkhandhehi saṅgahitā—they may be in the class of offenses entailing suspension; they may be in the class of offenses entailing confession; they may be in the class of offenses of wrong conduct. siyā saṅghādisesāpattikkhandhena, siyā pācittiyāpattikkhandhena, siyā dukkaṭāpattikkhandhena. They originate in three ways. Channaṁ āpattisamuṭṭhānānaṁ tīhi samuṭṭhānehi samuṭṭhanti. The heavy offenses are settled through one kind of legal issue: Yā tā āpattiyo garukā tā āpattiyo ekena adhikaraṇena—a legal issue arising from business. kiccādhikaraṇena; They are settled in one place: ekamhi ṭhāne—in the midst of the Sangha. saṅghamajjhe; They are settled through two principles: dvīhi samathehi sammanti—by resolution face-to-face and by acting according to what has been admitted. sammukhāvinayena ca paṭiññātakaraṇena ca. The light offenses are settled through one kind of legal issue: Yā tā āpattiyo lahukā tā āpattiyo ekena adhikaraṇena—a legal issue arising from business. kiccādhikaraṇena; They are settled in three places: tīsu ṭhānesu—in the midst of the Sangha, in the midst of a group, or in the presence of an individual. saṅghamajjhe gaṇamajjhe puggalassa santike; They are settled through three principles: tīhi samathehi sammanti—they may be settled by resolution face-to-face and by acting according to what has been admitted; or they may be settled by resolution face-to-face and by covering over as if with grass. siyā sammukhāvinayena ca paṭiññātakaraṇena ca, siyā sammukhāvinayena ca tiṇavatthārakena ca.

“Is a legal issue arising from an offense an offense or not an offense?” Āpattādhikaraṇaṁ āpattānāpattīti? It is an offense. Āpattādhikaraṇaṁ āpatti. “Is it possible to commit an offense because of a legal issue arising from an offense?” Kiṁ pana āpattādhikaraṇapaccayā āpattiṁ āpajjeyyāti? Yes. Āma, āpattādhikaraṇapaccayā āpattiṁ āpajjeyya. How many offenses does one commit because of legal issues arising from offenses? Āpattādhikaraṇapaccayā kati āpattiyo āpajjati? Four: Āpattādhikaraṇapaccayā catasso āpattiyo āpajjati. there is an offense entailing expulsion for a nun who knowingly conceals an offense entailing expulsion; Bhikkhunī jānaṁ pārājikaṁ dhammaṁ paṭicchādeti, āpatti pārājikassa; there is a serious offense for concealing it if she is unsure; vematikā paṭicchādeti, āpatti thullaccayassa; there is an offense entailing confession for a monk who conceals an offense entailing suspension; bhikkhu saṅghādisesaṁ paṭicchādeti, āpatti pācittiyassa; there is an offense of wrong conduct for concealing a failure in conduct. ācāravipattiṁ paṭicchādeti, āpatti dukkaṭassa—āpattādhikaraṇapaccayā imā catasso āpattiyo āpajjati.

When it comes to these offenses, to how many of the four kinds of failure do they belong? Tā āpattiyo catunnaṁ vipattīnaṁ kati vipattiyo bhajanti? To which of the four kinds of legal issues do they belong? Catunnaṁ adhikaraṇānaṁ katamaṁ adhikaraṇaṁ? In how many of the seven classes of offenses are they found? Sattannaṁ āpattikkhandhānaṁ katihi āpattikkhandhehi saṅgahitā? Through how many of the six kinds of originations of offenses do they originate? Channaṁ āpattisamuṭṭhānānaṁ katihi samuṭṭhānehi samuṭṭhanti? Through how many kinds of legal issues, in how many places, and through how many of the principles for settling legal issues are they settled? Katihi adhikaraṇehi, katisu ṭhānesu, katihi samathehi sammanti?

They belong to two kinds of failure: Tā āpattiyo catunnaṁ vipattīnaṁ dve vipattiyo bhajanti—they may be failure in morality; they may be failure in conduct. siyā sīlavipattiṁ siyā ācāravipattiṁ. They belong to legal issues arising from an offense. Catunnaṁ adhikaraṇānaṁ āpattādhikaraṇaṁ. They are found in four classes of offenses: Sattannaṁ āpattikkhandhānaṁ catūhi āpattikkhandhehi saṅgahitā—they may be in the class of offenses entailing expulsion; they may be in the class of serious offenses; they may be in the class of offenses entailing confession; they may be in the class of offenses of wrong conduct. siyā pārājikāpattikkhandhena, siyā thullaccayāpattikkhandhena, siyā pācittiyāpattikkhandhena, siyā dukkaṭāpattikkhandhena. They originate in one way: Channaṁ āpattisamuṭṭhānānaṁ ekena samuṭṭhānena samuṭṭhanti—from body, speech, and mind. kāyato ca vācato ca cittato ca samuṭṭhanti. The incurable offense is not settled through any kind of legal issue, in any place, or through any of the principles for settling legal issues. Yā sā āpatti anavasesā sā āpatti na katamena adhikaraṇena, na katamamhi ṭhāne, na katamena samathena sammati. The light offenses are settled through one kind of legal issue: Yā tā āpattiyo lahukā tā āpattiyo ekena adhikaraṇena—a legal issue arising from business. kiccādhikaraṇena; They are settled in three places: tīsu ṭhānesu—in the midst of the Sangha, in the midst of a group, or in the presence of an individual. saṅghamajjhe, gaṇamajjhe, puggalassa santike; They are settled through three principles: tīhi samathehi sammanti—they may be settled by resolution face-to-face and by acting according to what has been admitted; or they may be settled by resolution face-to-face and by covering over as if with grass. siyā sammukhāvinayena ca paṭiññātakaraṇena ca, siyā sammukhāvinayena ca tiṇavatthārakena ca.

“Is a legal issue arising from business an offense or not an offense?” Kiccādhikaraṇaṁ āpattānāpattīti? It is not an offense. Kiccādhikaraṇaṁ na āpatti. “Is it possible to commit an offense because of a legal issue arising from business?” Kiṁ pana kiccādhikaraṇapaccayā āpattiṁ āpajjeyyāti? Yes. Āma, kiccādhikaraṇapaccayā āpattiṁ āpajjeyya. How many offenses does one commit because of legal issues arising from business? Kiccādhikaraṇapaccayā kati āpattiyo āpajjati? Five: Kiccādhikaraṇapaccayā pañca āpattiyo āpajjati. there is an offense of wrong conduct after the motion when a nun takes sides with one who has been ejected and does not stop when pressed up to three times; Ukkhittānuvattikā bhikkhunī yāvatatiyaṁ samanubhāsanāya na paṭinissajjati, ñattiyā dukkaṭaṁ; there is a serious offense after each of the first two announcements; dvīhi kammavācāhi thullaccayā; there is an offense entailing expulsion when the last announcement is finished; kammavācāpariyosāne āpatti pārājikassa; there is an offense entailing suspension when monks who side with a monk who is pursuing schism do not stop when pressed for the third time; bhedakānuvattakā bhikkhū yāvatatiyaṁ samanubhāsanāya na paṭinissajjanti, āpatti saṅghādisesassa; there is an offense entailing confession when not giving up a bad view after being pressed for the third time. pāpikāya diṭṭhiyā yāvatatiyaṁ samanubhāsanāya na paṭinissajjanti, āpatti pācittiyassa—kiccādhikaraṇapaccayā imā pañca āpattiyo āpajjati.

When it comes to these offenses, to how many of the four kinds of failure do they belong? Tā āpattiyo catunnaṁ vipattīnaṁ kati vipattiyo bhajanti? To which of the four kinds of legal issues do they belong? Catunnaṁ adhikaraṇānaṁ katamaṁ adhikaraṇaṁ? In how many of the seven classes of offenses are they found? Sattannaṁ āpattikkhandhānaṁ katihi āpattikkhandhehi saṅgahitā? Through how many of the six kinds of originations of offenses do they originate? Channaṁ āpattisamuṭṭhānānaṁ katihi samuṭṭhānehi samuṭṭhanti? Through how many kinds of legal issues, in how many places, and through how many of the principles for settling legal issues are they settled? Katihi adhikaraṇehi, katisu ṭhānesu, katihi samathehi sammanti?

They belong to two kinds of failure: Tā āpattiyo catunnaṁ vipattīnaṁ dve vipattiyo bhajanti—they may be failure in morality; they may be failure in conduct. siyā sīlavipattiṁ siyā ācāravipattiṁ. They belong to legal issues arising from an offense. Catunnaṁ adhikaraṇānaṁ āpattādhikaraṇaṁ. They are found in five classes of offenses: Sattannaṁ āpattikkhandhānaṁ pañcahi āpattikkhandhehi saṅgahitā—they may be in the class of offenses entailing expulsion; they may be in the class of offenses entailing suspension; they may be in the class of serious offenses; they may be in the class of offenses entailing confession; they may be in the class of offenses of wrong conduct. siyā pārājikāpattikkhandhena, siyā saṅghādisesāpattikkhandhena, siyā thullaccayāpattikkhandhena, siyā pācittiyāpattikkhandhena, siyā dukkaṭāpattikkhandhena. They originate in one way: Channaṁ āpattisamuṭṭhānānaṁ ekena samuṭṭhānena samuṭṭhanti—from body, speech, and mind. kāyato ca vācato ca cittato ca samuṭṭhanti. The incurable offense is not settled through any kind of legal issue, in any place, or through any of the principles for settling legal issues. Yā sā āpatti anavasesā sā āpatti na katamena adhikaraṇena, na katamamhi ṭhāne, na katamena samathena sammati. The heavy offense is settled through one kind of legal issue: Yā sā āpatti garukā sā āpatti ekena adhikaraṇena—a legal issue arising from business. kiccādhikaraṇena; It is settled in one place: ekamhi ṭhāne—in the midst of the Sangha. saṅghamajjhe; It is settled through two principles: dvīhi samathehi sammati—by resolution face-to-face and by acting according to what has been admitted. sammukhāvinayena ca paṭiññātakaraṇena ca. The light offenses are settled through one kind of legal issue: Yā tā āpattiyo lahukā tā āpattiyo ekena adhikaraṇena—a legal issue arising from business. kiccādhikaraṇena; They are settled in three places: tīsu ṭhānesu—in the midst of the Sangha, in the midst of a group, or in the presence of an individual. saṅghamajjhe, gaṇamajjhe, puggalassa santike; They are settled through three principles: tīhi samathehi sammanti—they may be settled by resolution face-to-face and by acting according to what has been admitted; or they may be settled by resolution face-to-face and by covering over as if with grass. siyā sammukhāvinayena ca paṭiññātakaraṇena ca, siyā sammukhāvinayena ca tiṇavatthārakena ca.

5. The difference between legal issues 5. Adhikaraṇādhippāya

Is a legal issue arising from a dispute a legal issue arising from an accusation, a legal issue arising from an offense, or a legal issue arising from business? Vivādādhikaraṇaṁ hoti anuvādādhikaraṇaṁ, hoti āpattādhikaraṇaṁ, hoti kiccādhikaraṇaṁ. A legal issue arising from a dispute is neither a legal issue arising from an accusation, nor a legal issue arising from an offense, nor a legal issue arising from business. Vivādādhikaraṇaṁ na hoti anuvādādhikaraṇaṁ, na hoti āpattādhikaraṇaṁ, na hoti kiccādhikaraṇaṁ; Nevertheless, because of a legal issue arising from a dispute, there are legal issues arising from accusations, legal issues arising from offenses, and legal issues arising from business. api ca, vivādādhikaraṇapaccayā hoti anuvādādhikaraṇaṁ, hoti āpattādhikaraṇaṁ, hoti kiccādhikaraṇaṁ. How is this? Yathā kathaṁ viya? It may be that monks are disputing, saying, Idha bhikkhū vivadanti—“This is the Teaching”, “This is contrary to the Teaching” … dhammoti vā adhammoti vā …pe… “This is a grave offense”, or “This is a minor offense.” duṭṭhullāpattīti vā aduṭṭhullāpattīti vā. In regard to this, whatever there is of quarreling, arguing, conflict, disputing, variety in opinion, difference in opinion, heated speech, or strife—this is called a legal issue arising from a dispute. Yaṁ tattha bhaṇḍanaṁ kalaho viggaho vivādo nānāvādo aññathāvādo vipaccatāya vohāro medhakaṁ, idaṁ vuccati vivādādhikaraṇaṁ. When, during a legal issue arising from a dispute, the Sangha disputes, there is a legal issue arising from a dispute. Vivādādhikaraṇe saṅgho vivadati vivādādhikaraṇaṁ. When one who is disputing makes an accusation, there is a legal issue arising from an accusation. Vivadamāno anuvadati anuvādādhikaraṇaṁ. When one who is accusing commits an offense, there is a legal issue arising from an offense. Anuvadamāno āpattiṁ āpajjati āpattādhikaraṇaṁ. When the Sangha does a legal procedure because of that offense, there is a legal issue arising from business. Tāya āpattiyā saṅgho kammaṁ karoti kiccādhikaraṇaṁ. In this way, because of a legal issue arising from a dispute, there are legal issues arising from accusations, legal issues arising from offenses, and legal issues arising from business. Evaṁ vivādādhikaraṇapaccayā hoti anuvādādhikaraṇaṁ, hoti āpattādhikaraṇaṁ, hoti kiccādhikaraṇaṁ.

Is a legal issue arising from an accusation a legal issue arising from an offense, a legal issue arising from business, or legal issue arising from a dispute? Anuvādādhikaraṇaṁ hoti āpattādhikaraṇaṁ, hoti kiccādhikaraṇaṁ, hoti vivādādhikaraṇaṁ. A legal issue arising from an accusation is neither a legal issue arising from an offense, nor a legal issue arising from business, nor a legal issue arising from a dispute. Anuvādādhikaraṇaṁ na hoti āpattādhikaraṇaṁ, na hoti kiccādhikaraṇaṁ, na hoti vivādādhikaraṇaṁ; Nevertheless, because of a legal issue arising from an accusation, there are legal issues arising from offenses, legal issues arising from business, and legal issues arising from disputes. api ca anuvādādhikaraṇapaccayā hoti āpattādhikaraṇaṁ, hoti kiccādhikaraṇaṁ, hoti vivādādhikaraṇaṁ. How is this? Yathā kathaṁ viya? It may be that the monks accuse a monk of failure in morality, failure in conduct, failure in view, or failure in livelihood. Idha bhikkhū bhikkhuṁ anuvadanti sīlavipattiyā vā ācāravipattiyā vā diṭṭhivipattiyā vā ājīvavipattiyā vā. In regard to this, whatever there is of accusations, accusing, allegations, blame, taking sides because of friendship, taking part in the accusation, or supporting the accusation—this is called a legal issue arising from an accusation. Yo tattha anuvādo anuvadanā anullapanā anubhaṇanā anusampavaṅkatā abbhussahanatā anubalappadānaṁ, idaṁ vuccati anuvādādhikaraṇaṁ. When, during a legal issue arising from an accusation, the Sangha disputes, there is a legal issue arising from a dispute. Anuvādādhikaraṇe saṅgho vivadati, vivādādhikaraṇaṁ. When one who is disputing makes an accusation, there is a legal issue arising from an accusation. Vivadamāno anuvadati, anuvādādhikaraṇaṁ. When one who is accusing commits an offense, there is a legal issue arising from an offense. Anuvadamāno āpattiṁ āpajjati, āpattādhikaraṇaṁ. When the Sangha does a legal procedure because of that offense, there is a legal issue arising from business. Tāya āpattiyā saṅgho kammaṁ karoti, kiccādhikaraṇaṁ. In this way, because of a legal issue arising from an accusation, there are legal issues arising from offenses, legal issues arising from business, and legal issues arising from disputes. Evaṁ anuvādādhikaraṇapaccayā hoti āpattādhikaraṇaṁ, hoti kiccādhikaraṇaṁ, hoti vivādādhikaraṇaṁ.

Is a legal issue arising from an offense a legal issue arising from business, a legal issue arising from a dispute, or a legal issue arising from an accusation? Āpattādhikaraṇaṁ hoti kiccādhikaraṇaṁ, hoti vivādādhikaraṇaṁ, hoti anuvādādhikaraṇaṁ. A legal issue arising from an offense is neither a legal issue arising from business, nor a legal issue arising from a dispute, nor a legal issue arising from an accusation. Āpattādhikaraṇaṁ na hoti kiccādhikaraṇaṁ, na hoti vivādādhikaraṇaṁ, na hoti anuvādādhikaraṇaṁ; Nevertheless, because of a legal issue arising from an offense, there are legal issues arising from business, legal issues arising from disputes, and legal issues arising from accusations. api ca āpattādhikaraṇapaccayā hoti kiccādhikaraṇaṁ, hoti vivādādhikaraṇaṁ, hoti anuvādādhikaraṇaṁ. How is this? Yathā kathaṁ viya? There are legal issues arising from offenses because of the five classes of offenses, and there are legal issues arising from offenses because of the seven classes of offenses—these are called legal issues arising from offenses. Pañcapi āpattikkhandhā āpattādhikaraṇaṁ, sattapi āpattikkhandhā āpattādhikaraṇaṁ, idaṁ vuccati āpattādhikaraṇaṁ. When, during a legal issue arising from an offense, the Sangha disputes, there is a legal issue arising from a dispute. Āpattādhikaraṇe saṅgho vivadati vivādādhikaraṇaṁ. When one who is disputing makes an accusation, there is a legal issue arising from an accusation. Vivadamāno anuvadati anuvādādhikaraṇaṁ. When one who is accusing commits an offense, there is a legal issue arising from an offense. Anuvadamāno āpattiṁ āpajjati āpattādhikaraṇaṁ. When the Sangha does a legal procedure because of that offense, there is a legal issue arising from business. Tāya āpattiyā saṅgho kammaṁ karoti kiccādhikaraṇaṁ. In this way, because of a legal issue arising from an offense, there are legal issues arising from business, legal issues arising from disputes, and legal issues arising from accusations. Evaṁ āpattādhikaraṇapaccayā hoti kiccādhikaraṇaṁ, hoti vivādādhikaraṇaṁ, hoti anuvādādhikaraṇaṁ.

Is a legal issue arising from business a legal issue arising from a dispute, a legal issue arising from an accusation, or a legal issue arising from an offense? Kiccādhikaraṇaṁ hoti vivādādhikaraṇaṁ, hoti anuvādādhikaraṇaṁ, hoti āpattādhikaraṇaṁ. A legal issue arising from business is neither a legal issue arising from a dispute, nor a legal issue arising from an accusation, nor a legal issue arising from an offense. Kiccādhikaraṇaṁ na hoti vivādādhikaraṇaṁ, na hoti anuvādādhikaraṇaṁ, na hoti āpattādhikaraṇaṁ; Nevertheless, because of a legal issue arising from business, there are legal issues arising from disputes, legal issues arising from accusations, and legal issues arising from offenses. api ca kiccādhikaraṇapaccayā hoti vivādādhikaraṇaṁ, hoti anuvādādhikaraṇaṁ, hoti āpattādhikaraṇaṁ. How is this? Yathā kathaṁ viya? Whatever is the duty or the business of the Sangha—a legal procedure consisting of getting permission, a legal procedure consisting of one motion, a legal procedure consisting of one motion and one announcement, a legal procedure consisting of one motion and three announcements—this is called a legal issue arising from business. Yā saṅghassa kiccayatā karaṇīyatā apalokanakammaṁ ñattikammaṁ ñattidutiyakammaṁ ñatticatutthakammaṁ, idaṁ vuccati kiccādhikaraṇaṁ. When, during a legal issue arising from business, the Sangha disputes, there is a legal issue arising from a dispute. Kiccādhikaraṇe saṅgho vivadati vivādādhikaraṇaṁ. When one who is disputing makes an accusation, there is a legal issue arising from an accusation. Vivadamāno anuvadati anuvādādhikaraṇaṁ. When one who is accusing commits an offense, there is a legal issue arising from an offense. Anuvadamāno āpattiṁ āpajjati āpattādhikaraṇaṁ. When the Sangha does a legal procedure because of that offense, there is a legal issue arising from business. Tāya āpattiyā saṅgho kammaṁ karoti kiccādhikaraṇaṁ. In this way, because of a legal issue arising from business, there are legal issues arising from disputes, legal issues arising from accusations, and legal issues arising from offenses. Evaṁ kiccādhikaraṇapaccayā hoti vivādādhikaraṇaṁ, hoti anuvādādhikaraṇaṁ, hoti āpattādhikaraṇaṁ.

6. The section on questioning 6. Pucchāvāra

When there is resolution through recollection, is there also resolution face-to-face? Yattha sativinayo tattha sammukhāvinayo? When there is resolution face-to-face, is there also resolution through recollection? Yattha sammukhāvinayo tattha sativinayo? When there is resolution because of past insanity, is there also resolution face-to-face? Yattha amūḷhavinayo tattha sammukhāvinayo? When there is resolution face-to-face, is there also resolution because of past insanity? Yattha sammukhāvinayo tattha amūḷhavinayo? When there is acting according to what has been admitted, is there also resolution face-to-face? Yattha paṭiññātakaraṇaṁ tattha sammukhāvinayo? When there is resolution face-to-face, is there also acting according to what has been admitted? Yattha sammukhāvinayo tattha paṭiññātakaraṇaṁ? When there is a majority decision, is there also resolution face-to-face? Yattha yebhuyyasikā tattha sammukhāvinayo? When there is resolution face-to-face, is there also a majority decision? Yattha sammukhāvinayo tattha yebhuyyasikā? When there is a further penalty, is there also resolution face-to-face? Yattha tassapāpiyasikā tattha sammukhāvinayo? When there is resolution face-to-face, is there also a further penalty? Yattha sammukhāvinayo tattha tassapāpiyasikā? When there is covering over as if with grass, is there also resolution face-to-face? Yattha tiṇavatthārako tattha sammukhāvinayo? When there is resolution face-to-face, is there also covering over as if with grass? Yattha sammukhāvinayo tattha tiṇavatthārako?

7. The section on responding 7. Vissajjanāvāra

There may be an occasion when a legal issue is resolved by resolution face-to-face and resolution through recollection. Yasmiṁ samaye sammukhāvinayena ca sativinayena ca adhikaraṇaṁ vūpasammati—Then, when there is resolution through recollection there is also resolution face-to-face, and when there is resolution face-to-face there is also resolution through recollection; but there is not resolution because of past insanity, nor acting according to what has been admitted, nor a majority decision, nor a further penalty, nor covering over as if with grass. yattha sativinayo tattha sammukhāvinayo, yattha sammukhāvinayo tattha sativinayo, na tattha amūḷhavinayo, na tattha paṭiññātakaraṇaṁ, na tattha yebhuyyasikā, na tattha tassapāpiyasikā, na tattha tiṇavatthārako. There may be an occasion when a legal issue is resolved by resolution face-to-face and resolution because of past insanity. … Yasmiṁ samaye sammukhāvinayena ca amūḷhavinayena ca …pe… by resolution face-to-face and by acting according to what has been admitted … sammukhāvinayena ca paṭiññātakaraṇena ca …pe… by resolution face-to-face and by a majority decision … sammukhāvinayena ca yebhuyyasikāya ca …pe… by resolution face-to-face and by a further penalty … sammukhāvinayena ca tassapāpiyasikāya ca …pe… There may be an occasion when a legal issue is resolved by resolution face-to-face and by covering over as if with grass. sammukhāvinayena ca tiṇavatthārakena ca adhikaraṇaṁ vūpasammati—Then, when there is covering over as if with grass there is also resolution face-to-face, and when there is resolution face-to-face there is also covering over as if with grass; but there is not resolution through recollection, nor resolution because of past insanity, nor acting according to what has been admitted, nor a majority decision, nor a further penalty. yattha tiṇavatthārako tattha sammukhāvinayo, yattha sammukhāvinayo tattha tiṇavatthārako, na tattha sativinayo, na tattha amūḷhavinayo, na tattha paṭiññātakaraṇaṁ, na tattha yebhuyyasikā, na tattha tassapāpiyasikā.

8. The section on connected 8. Saṁsaṭṭhavāra

Is a resolution face-to-face and a resolution through recollection connected or disconnected? Sammukhāvinayoti vā sativinayoti vā ime dhammā saṁsaṭṭhā udāhu visaṁsaṭṭhā? Is it possible to completely separate them and point to their difference? Labbhā ca panimesaṁ dhammānaṁ vinibbhujitvā vinibbhujitvā nānākaraṇaṁ paññāpetuṁ? Is a resolution face-to-face and resolution because of past insanity … Sammukhāvinayoti vā amūḷhavinayoti vā …pe… Is a resolution face-to-face and acting according to what has been admitted … sammukhāvinayoti vā paṭiññātakaraṇanti vā … Is a resolution face-to-face and a majority decision … sammukhāvinayoti vā yebhuyyasikāti vā … Is a resolution face-to-face and a further penalty … sammukhāvinayoti vā tassapāpiyasikāti vā … Is a resolution face-to-face and covering over as if with grass connected or disconnected? sammukhāvinayoti vā tiṇavatthārakoti vā—ime dhammā saṁsaṭṭhā, udāhu visaṁsaṭṭhā? Is it possible to completely separate them and point to their difference? Labbhā ca panimesaṁ dhammānaṁ vinibbhujitvā vinibbhujitvā nānākaraṇaṁ paññāpetuṁ?

Resolution face-to-face and resolution through recollection Sammukhāvinayoti vā sativinayoti vā—are connected, not disconnected, ime dhammā saṁsaṭṭhā, no visaṁsaṭṭhā; and it is not possible to completely separate them and point to their difference. na ca labbhā imesaṁ dhammānaṁ vinibbhujitvā vinibbhujitvā nānākaraṇaṁ paññāpetuṁ. Resolution face-to-face and resolution because of past insanity … Sammukhāvinayoti vā amūḷhavinayoti vā …pe… Resolution face-to-face and acting according to what has been admitted … sammukhāvinayoti vā paṭiññātakaraṇanti vā … Resolution face-to-face and a majority decision … sammukhāvinayoti vā yebhuyyasikāti vā … Resolution face-to-face and a further penalty … sammukhāvinayoti vā tassapāpiyasikāti vā … Resolution face-to-face and covering over as if with grass sammukhāvinayoti vā tiṇavatthārakoti vā—are connected, not disconnected, ime dhammā saṁsaṭṭhā, no visaṁsaṭṭhā; and it is not possible to completely separate them and point to their difference. na ca labbhā imesaṁ dhammānaṁ vinibbhujitvā vinibbhujitvā nānākaraṇaṁ paññāpetuṁ.

9. The sources of the seven principles for settling legal issues 9. Sattasamathanidāna

What is the source, the origin, the birth, the arising, the production, the origination of resolution face-to-face? Sammukhāvinayo kiṁnidāno, kiṁsamudayo, kiṁjātiko, kiṁpabhavo, kiṁsambhāro kiṁsamuṭṭhāno? What is the source, the origin, the birth, the arising, the production, the origination of resolution through recollection? Sativinayo kiṁnidāno, kiṁsamudayo, kiṁjātiko, kiṁpabhavo, kiṁsambhāro, kiṁsamuṭṭhāno? What is the source, the origin, the birth, the arising, the production, the origination of resolution because of past insanity? Amūḷhavinayo kiṁnidāno, kiṁsamudayo, kiṁjātiko, kiṁpabhavo, kiṁsambhāro, kiṁsamuṭṭhāno? What is the source, the origin, the birth, the arising, the production, the origination of acting according to what has been admitted? Paṭiññātakaraṇaṁ kiṁnidānaṁ, kiṁsamudayaṁ, kiṁjātikaṁ, kiṁpabhavaṁ, kiṁsambhāraṁ, kiṁsamuṭṭhānaṁ? What is the source, the origin, the birth, the arising, the production, the origination of a majority decision? Yebhuyyasikā kiṁnidānā, kiṁsamudayā, kiṁjātikā, kiṁpabhavā, kiṁsambhārā, kiṁsamuṭṭhānā? What is the source, the origin, the birth, the arising, the production, the origination of a further penalty? Tassapāpiyasikā kiṁnidānā, kiṁsamudayā, kiṁjātikā, kiṁpabhavā, kiṁsambhārā, kiṁsamuṭṭhānā? What is the source, the origin, the birth, the arising, the production, the origination of covering over as if with grass? Tiṇavatthārako kiṁnidāno, kiṁsamudayo, kiṁjātiko, kiṁpabhavo, kiṁsambhāro, kiṁsamuṭṭhāno?

Resolution face-to-face has sources as its source, its origin, its birth, its arising, its production, its origination. Sammukhāvinayo nidānanidāno, nidānasamudayo, nidānajātiko, nidānapabhavo, nidānasambhāro, nidānasamuṭṭhāno. Resolution through recollection … Sativinayo …pe… Resolution because of past insanity … amūḷhavinayo …pe… Acting according to what has been admitted … paṭiññātakaraṇaṁ nidānanidānaṁ, nidānasamudayaṁ, nidānajātikaṁ, nidānapabhavaṁ, nidānasambhāraṁ, nidānasamuṭṭhānaṁ. A majority decision … Yebhuyyasikā …pe… A further penalty … tassapāpiyasikā nidānanidānā, nidānasamudayā, nidānajātikā, nidānapabhavā, nidānasambhārā, nidānasamuṭṭhānā. Covering over as if with grass has sources as its source, its origin, its birth, its arising, its production, its origination. Tiṇavatthārako nidānanidāno, nidānasamudayo, nidānajātiko, nidānapabhavo, nidānasambhāro, nidānasamuṭṭhāno.

What is the source, the origin, the birth, the arising, the production, the origination of resolution face-to-face? Sammukhāvinayo kiṁnidāno, kiṁsamudayo, kiṁjātiko, kiṁpabhavo, kiṁsambhāro, kiṁsamuṭṭhāno? … of resolution through recollection? Sativinayo …pe… … of resolution because of past insanity? amūḷhavinayo …pe… … of acting according to what has been admitted? paṭiññātakaraṇaṁ …pe… … of a majority decision? yebhuyyasikā …pe… … of a further penalty? tassapāpiyasikā …pe… What is the source, the origin, the birth, the arising, the production, the origination of covering over as if with grass? tiṇavatthārako kiṁnidāno, kiṁsamudayo, kiṁjātiko, kiṁpabhavo, kiṁsambhāro, kiṁsamuṭṭhāno?

Resolution face-to-face has causes as its source, its origin, its birth, its arising, its production, its origination. Sammukhāvinayo hetunidāno, hetusamudayo, hetujātiko, hetupabhavo, hetusambhāro, hetusamuṭṭhāno. Resolution through recollection … Sativinayo …pe… Resolution because of past insanity … amūḷhavinayo …pe… Acting according to what has been admitted … paṭiññātakaraṇaṁ hetunidānaṁ, hetusamudayaṁ, hetujātikaṁ, hetupabhavaṁ, hetusambhāraṁ, hetusamuṭṭhānaṁ. A majority decision … Yebhuyyasikā …pe… A further penalty … tassapāpiyasikā hetunidānā, hetusamudayā, hetujātikā, hetupabhavā, hetusambhārā, hetusamuṭṭhānā. Covering over as if with grass has causes as its source, its origin, its birth, its arising, its production, its origination. Tiṇavatthārako hetunidāno, hetusamudayo, hetujātiko, hetupabhavo, hetusambhāro, hetusamuṭṭhāno.

What is the source, the origin, the birth, the arising, the production, the origination of resolution face-to-face? Sammukhāvinayo kiṁnidāno, kiṁsamudayo, kiṁjātiko, kiṁpabhavo, kiṁsambhāro, kiṁsamuṭṭhāno? … of resolution through recollection? Sativinayo …pe… … of resolution because of past insanity? amūḷhavinayo …pe… … of acting according to what has been admitted? paṭiññātakaraṇaṁ …pe… … of a majority decision? yebhuyyasikā …pe… … of a further penalty? tassapāpiyasikā …pe… What is the source, the origin, the birth, the arising, the production, the origination of covering over as if with grass? tiṇavatthārako kiṁnidāno, kiṁsamudayo, kiṁjātiko, kiṁpabhavo, kiṁsambhāro, kiṁsamuṭṭhāno?

Resolution face-to-face has conditions as its source, its origin, its birth, its arising, its production, its origination. Sammukhāvinayo paccayanidāno, paccayasamudayo, paccayajātiko, paccayapabhavo, paccayasambhāro, paccayasamuṭṭhāno. Resolution through recollection … Sativinayo …pe… Resolution because of past insanity … amūḷhavinayo …pe… Acting according to what has been admitted … paṭiññātakaraṇaṁ paccayanidānaṁ, paccayasamudayaṁ, paccayajātikaṁ, paccayapabhavaṁ, paccayasambhāraṁ, paccayasamuṭṭhānaṁ. A majority decision … Yebhuyyasikā …pe… A further penalty … tassapāpiyasikā paccayanidānā, paccayasamudayā, paccayajātikā, paccayapabhavā, paccayasambhārā, paccayasamuṭṭhānā. Covering over as if with grass has conditions as its source, its origin, its birth, its arising, its production, its origination. Tiṇavatthārako paccayanidāno, paccayasamudayo, paccayajātiko, paccayapabhavo, paccayasambhāro, paccayasamuṭṭhāno.

How many roots do the seven principles for settling legal issues have, and how many originations? Sattannaṁ samathānaṁ kati mūlāni, kati samuṭṭhānā? They have twenty-six roots and thirty-six originations. Sattannaṁ samathānaṁ chabbīsa mūlāni, chattiṁsa samuṭṭhānā. What are those twenty-six roots? Sattannaṁ samathānaṁ katamāni chabbīsa mūlāni? Resolution face-to-face has four roots: Sammukhāvinayassa cattāri mūlāni—face-to-face with the Sangha, face-to-face with the Teaching, face-to-face with the Monastic Law, face-to-face with the persons concerned. saṅghasammukhatā, dhammasammukhatā, vinayasammukhatā, puggalasammukhatā; Resolution through recollection has four roots. sativinayassa cattāri mūlāni; Resolution because of past insanity has four roots. amūḷhavinayassa cattāri mūlāni; Acting according to what has been admitted has two roots: paṭiññātakaraṇassa dve mūlāni—The one who confesses and the one he confesses to. yo ca deseti yassa ca deseti; A majority decision has four roots. yebhuyyasikāya cattāri mūlāni; A further penalty has four roots. tassapāpiyasikāya cattāri mūlāni; Covering over as if with grass has four roots: tiṇavatthārakassa cattāri mūlāni—face-to-face with the Sangha, face-to-face with the Teaching, face-to-face with the Monastic Law, face-to-face with the persons concerned. saṅghasammukhatā, dhammasammukhatā, vinayasammukhatā, puggalasammukhatā—sattannaṁ samathānaṁ imāni chabbīsa mūlāni.

What are those thirty-six originations? Sattannaṁ samathānaṁ katame chattiṁsa samuṭṭhānā? The doing of, the performing of, the participation in, the consent to, the agreement to, the non-objection to a legal procedure of resolution through recollection. Sativinayassa kammassa kiriyā, karaṇaṁ, upagamanaṁ, ajjhupagamanaṁ, adhivāsanā, appaṭikkosanā. … a legal procedure of resolution because of past insanity. Amūḷhavinayassa kammassa …pe… … a legal procedure of acting according to what has been admitted. paṭiññātakaraṇassa kammassa … … a legal procedure of majority decision. yebhuyyasikāya kammassa … … a legal procedure of further penalty. tassapāpiyasikāya kammassa … The doing of, the performing of, the participation in, the consent to, the agreement to, the non-objection to a legal procedure of covering over as if with grass. tiṇavatthārakassa kammassa kiriyā, karaṇaṁ, upagamanaṁ, ajjhupagamanaṁ, adhivāsanā, appaṭikkosanā—sattannaṁ samathānaṁ ime chattiṁsa samuṭṭhānā.

10. The variety in meaning, etc., between the seven principles for settling legal issues 10. Sattasamathanānatthādi

“Are resolution face-to-face and resolution through recollection different in meaning and different in wording, or the same in meaning and just different in wording? Sammukhāvinayoti vā sativinayoti vā—ime dhammā nānatthā nānābyañjanā, udāhu ekatthā byañjanameva nānaṁ? Are resolution face-to-face and resolution because of past insanity … Sammukhāvinayoti vā amūḷhavinayoti vā …pe… Are resolution face-to-face and acting according to what has been admitted … sammukhāvinayoti vā paṭiññātakaraṇanti vā … Are resolution face-to-face and a majority decision … sammukhāvinayoti vā yebhuyyasikāti vā … Are resolution face-to-face and a further penalty … sammukhāvinayoti vā tassapāpiyasikāti vā … Are resolution face-to-face and covering over as if with grass different in meaning and different in wording, or the same in meaning and just different in wording? sammukhāvinayoti vā tiṇavatthārakoti vā—ime dhammā nānatthā nānābyañjanā, udāhu ekatthā byañjanameva nānaṁ? Resolution face-to-face and resolution through recollection are different in meaning and different in wording. Sammukhāvinayoti vā sativinayoti vā—ime dhammā nānatthā ceva nānābyañjanā ca. Resolution face-to-face and resolution because of past insanity … Sammukhāvinayoti vā amūḷhavinayoti vā …pe… Resolution face-to-face and acting according to what has been admitted … sammukhāvinayoti vā paṭiññātakaraṇanti vā … Resolution face-to-face and a majority decision … sammukhāvinayoti vā yebhuyyasikāti vā … Resolution face-to-face and a further penalty … sammukhāvinayoti vā tassapāpiyasikāti vā … Resolution face-to-face and covering over as if with grass are different in meaning and different in wording. sammukhāvinayoti vā tiṇavatthārakoti vā—ime dhammā nānatthā ceva nānābyañjanā ca.

Are there disputes that are also legal issues arising from a dispute? Are there disputes that are not legal issues? Are there legal issues that are not disputes? Are there legal issues that are also disputes? Vivādo vivādādhikaraṇaṁ, vivādo no adhikaraṇaṁ, adhikaraṇaṁ no vivādo, adhikaraṇañceva vivādo ca?

There may be disputes that are also legal issues arising from a dispute. There may be disputes that are not legal issues. There may legal issues that are not disputes. There may be legal issues that are also disputes. Siyā vivādo vivādādhikaraṇaṁ, siyā vivādo no adhikaraṇaṁ, siyā adhikaraṇaṁ no vivādo, siyā adhikaraṇañceva vivādo ca.

How is there a dispute that is also a legal issue arising from a dispute? Tattha katamo vivādo vivādādhikaraṇaṁ? It may be that the monks are disputing, saying, ‘This is the Teaching’, ‘This is contrary to the Teaching’ … Idha bhikkhū vivadanti dhammoti vā adhammoti vā …pe… ‘This is a grave offense’, or ‘This is a minor offense.’ duṭṭhullā āpattīti vā aduṭṭhullā āpattīti vā. In regard to this, whatever there is of quarreling, arguing, conflict, disputing, variety in opinion, difference in opinion, heated speech, or strife—Yaṁ tattha bhaṇḍanaṁ, kalaho, viggaho, vivādo, nānāvādo, aññathāvādo, vipaccatāya vohāro, medhakaṁ—this is a dispute that is also a legal issue arising from a dispute. ayaṁ vivādo vivādādhikaraṇaṁ.

How is there a dispute that is not a legal issue? Tattha katamo vivādo no adhikaraṇaṁ? A mother disputes with her offspring; an offspring with their mother; a father with his offspring; an offspring with their father; a brother with his brother; a brother with his sister; a sister with her brother; a friend with their friend—Mātāpi puttena vivadati, puttopi mātarā vivadati, pitāpi puttena vivadati, puttopi pitarā vivadati, bhātāpi bhātarā vivadati, bhātāpi bhaginiyā vivadati, bhaginīpi bhātarā vivadati, sahāyopi sahāyena vivadati—these are disputes that are not legal issues. ayaṁ vivādo no adhikaraṇaṁ.

How is there a legal issue that is not a dispute? Tattha katamaṁ adhikaraṇaṁ no vivādo? A legal issue arising from an accusation, a legal issue arising from an offense, a legal issue arising from business—Anuvādādhikaraṇaṁ, āpattādhikaraṇaṁ, kiccādhikaraṇaṁ—these are legal issues that are not disputes. idaṁ adhikaraṇaṁ no vivādo.

How is there a legal issue that is also a dispute? Tattha katamaṁ adhikaraṇañceva vivādo ca? A legal issue arising from a dispute is a legal issue and also a dispute. Vivādādhikaraṇaṁ adhikaraṇañceva vivādo ca.

Are there accusations that are also legal issues arising from accusations? Are there accusations that are not legal issues? Are there legal issues that are not accusations? Are there legal issues that are also accusations? Anuvādo anuvādādhikaraṇaṁ, anuvādo no adhikaraṇaṁ, adhikaraṇaṁ no anuvādo, adhikaraṇañceva anuvādo ca?

There may be accusations that are also legal issues arising from accusations. There may be accusations that are not legal issues. There may be legal issues that are not accusations. There may legal issues that are also accusations. Siyā anuvādo anuvādādhikaraṇaṁ, siyā anuvādo no adhikaraṇaṁ, siyā adhikaraṇaṁ no anuvādo, siyā adhikaraṇañceva anuvādo ca.

How is there an accusation that is also a legal issue arising from an accusation? Tattha katamo anuvādo anuvādādhikaraṇaṁ? It may be that the monks accuse a monk of failure in morality, failure in conduct, failure in view, or failure in livelihood. Idha bhikkhū bhikkhuṁ anuvadanti sīlavipattiyā vā ācāravipattiyā vā diṭṭhivipattiyā vā ājīvavipattiyā vā. In regard to this, whatever there are of accusations, accusing, allegations, blame, taking sides because of friendship, taking part in the accusation, or supporting the accusation—Yo tattha anuvādo, anuvadanā anullapanā anubhaṇanā anusampavaṅkatā abbhussahanatā anubalappadānaṁ—this is an accusation that is a legal issue arising from an accusation. ayaṁ anuvādo anuvādādhikaraṇaṁ.

How is there an accusation that is not a legal issue? Tattha katamo anuvādo no adhikaraṇaṁ? A mother accuses her offspring; an offspring their mother; a father his offspring; an offspring their father; a brother his brother; a brother his sister; a sister her brother; a friend their friend—Mātāpi puttaṁ anuvadati, puttopi mātaraṁ anuvadati, pitāpi puttaṁ anuvadati, puttopi pitaraṁ anuvadati, bhātāpi bhātaraṁ anuvadati, bhātāpi bhaginiṁ anuvadati, bhaginīpi bhātaraṁ anuvadati, sahāyopi sahāyaṁ anuvadati—these are accusations that are not legal issues. ayaṁ anuvādo no adhikaraṇaṁ.

How is there a legal issue that is not an accusation? Tattha katamaṁ adhikaraṇaṁ no anuvādo? A legal issue arising from an offense, a legal issue arising from business, a legal issue arising from a dispute—Āpattādhikaraṇaṁ kiccādhikaraṇaṁ vivādādhikaraṇaṁ—these are legal issues that are not accusations. idaṁ adhikaraṇaṁ no anuvādo.

How is there a legal issue that is also an accusation? Tattha katamaṁ adhikaraṇañceva anuvādo ca? A legal issue arising from an accusation is a legal issue and also an accusation. Anuvādādhikaraṇaṁ adhikaraṇañceva anuvādo ca.

Are there offenses that are also legal issues arising from an offense? Are there offenses that are not legal issues? Are there legal issues that are not offenses? Are there legal issues that are also offenses? Āpatti āpattādhikaraṇaṁ, āpatti no adhikaraṇaṁ, adhikaraṇaṁ no āpatti, adhikaraṇañceva āpatti ca?

There may be offenses that are also legal issues arising from an offense. There may be offenses that are not legal issues. There may be legal issues that are not offenses. There may be legal issues that are also offenses. Siyā āpatti āpattādhikaraṇaṁ, siyā āpatti no adhikaraṇaṁ, siyā adhikaraṇaṁ no āpatti, siyā adhikaraṇañceva āpatti ca.

How is there an offense that is also a legal issue arising from an offense? Tattha katamā āpatti āpattādhikaraṇaṁ? There are legal issues arising from offenses because of the five classes of offenses; Pañcapi āpattikkhandhā āpattādhikaraṇaṁ. there are legal issues arising from offenses because of the seven classes of offenses—Sattapi āpattikkhandhā āpattādhikaraṇaṁ. these are offenses that are also legal issues arising from an offense. Ayaṁ āpatti āpattādhikaraṇaṁ.

How is there an offense that is not a legal issue? Tattha katamā āpatti no adhikaraṇaṁ? The attainment of stream-entry—Sotāpatti samāpatti—this is an offense/attainment that is not a legal issue. ayaṁ āpatti no adhikaraṇaṁ.

How is there a legal issue that is not an offense? Tattha katamaṁ adhikaraṇaṁ no āpatti? A legal issue arising from business, a legal issue arising from a dispute, a legal issue arising from an accusation—Kiccādhikaraṇaṁ vivādādhikaraṇaṁ anuvādādhikaraṇaṁ—these are legal issues that are not offenses. idaṁ adhikaraṇaṁ no āpatti.

How is there a legal issue that is also an offense? Tattha katamaṁ adhikaraṇañceva āpatti ca? A legal issue arising from an offense is a legal issue and also an offense. Āpattādhikaraṇaṁ adhikaraṇañceva āpatti ca.

Is there business that is also a legal issue arising from business? Is there business that is not a legal issue? Are there legal issues that are not business? Are there legal issues that are also business? Kiccaṁ kiccādhikaraṇaṁ, kiccaṁ no adhikaraṇaṁ, adhikaraṇaṁ no kiccaṁ, adhikaraṇañceva kiccañca?

There may be business that is also a legal issue arising from business. There may be business that is not a legal issue. There may be legal issues that are not business. There may be legal issues that are also business. Siyā kiccaṁ kiccādhikaraṇaṁ, siyā kiccaṁ no adhikaraṇaṁ, siyā adhikaraṇaṁ no kiccaṁ, siyā adhikaraṇañceva kiccañca.

How is there business that is also a legal issue arising from business? Tattha katamaṁ kiccaṁ kiccādhikaraṇaṁ? Whatever is the duty or the business of the Sangha—a legal procedure consisting of getting permission, a legal procedure consisting of one motion, a legal procedure consisting of one motion and one announcement, a legal procedure consisting of one motion and three announcements—Yā saṅghassa kiccayatā karaṇīyatā apalokanakammaṁ ñattikammaṁ ñattidutiyakammaṁ ñatticatutthakammaṁ—these are business that are also legal issues arising from business. idaṁ kiccaṁ kiccādhikaraṇaṁ.

How is there business that is not a legal issue? Tattha katamaṁ kiccaṁ no adhikaraṇaṁ? The duty to a teacher, the duty to a preceptor, the duty to a co-student, the duty to a co-pupil—Ācariyakiccaṁ upajjhāyakiccaṁ samānupajjhāyakiccaṁ samānācariyakiccaṁ—these are business that are not legal issues. idaṁ kiccaṁ no adhikaraṇaṁ.

How is there a legal issue that is not business? Tattha katamaṁ adhikaraṇaṁ no kiccaṁ? A legal issue arising from a dispute, a legal issue arising from an accusation, a legal issue arising from an offense—Vivādādhikaraṇaṁ anuvādādhikaraṇaṁ āpattādhikaraṇaṁ—these are legal issues that are not business. idaṁ adhikaraṇaṁ no kiccaṁ.

How is there a legal issue that is also business? Tattha katamaṁ adhikaraṇañceva kiccañca? A legal issue arising from business is a legal issue and also business.” Kiccādhikaraṇaṁ adhikaraṇañceva kiccaṁ cāti.

The four legal issues and their resolution are finished. Adhikaraṇabhedaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ.